CN102701869B - Crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and preparation method of crop straw leach liquor - Google Patents
Crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and preparation method of crop straw leach liquor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102701869B CN102701869B CN201210215769.6A CN201210215769A CN102701869B CN 102701869 B CN102701869 B CN 102701869B CN 201210215769 A CN201210215769 A CN 201210215769A CN 102701869 B CN102701869 B CN 102701869B
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Abstract
The invention discloses crop straw leach liquor for improving fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and a preparation method of the crop straw leach liquor, belonging to the field of fertilization of biofertilizer. The preparation method disclosed by the invention comprises three parts, namely material selection, preparation process selection and quality index selection; the method for fertilizing the crop straw leach liquor comprises parameter selection of fertilizing condition, fertilizing time and fertilizing amount. The material selected by the method is easy to obtain, low in cost, simple in preparation process and simple and fast in fertilizing method, and the prepared crop straw leach liquor is high in efficiency of promoting crop seedling to grow, and short in time. The biomass liveweight of the crop seeding is improved by over 30% after the crop straw leach liquor is watered about 40 days. The material adopted by the method is not added chemically synthesized substance, and the prepared crop straw leach liquor has no pollution on the environment and accords with the requirements of sustainable development of agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bio-feritlizer application technique field, particularly a kind of agricultural crop straw vat liquor that improves mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
(1) agricultural straw resource utilization receives much concern
Agricultural crop straw is one of main waste in agriculture production, contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and Trace Elements, is a kind of important renewable resources, has very large comprehensive utilization value.The stalk producing in the annual agriculture production in the whole world is at present hundred million tons of 1000-2000, and China has nearly 600,000,000 tons of stalks every year, and 2,000 ten thousand tons of less thaies being utilized, approximately 97% stalk is burned, is piled up and abandoned, and has both caused the wasting of resources, causes again environmental pollution.Crop straw burning also can cause the evaporation of soil moisture and the destruction of Soil structure, causes soil compaction, and fertility declines, and soil ecosystem worsens, and crop yield declines.This has become focus and the difficulties of government's care, social concerns, public opinion concern.Therefore, the recycling of how to do well agricultural crop straw has become agricultural problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.Straw-returning technology is protection of the environment, the strategic choice of carrying that promotes agricultural sustainable development.Straw-returning has been obtained certain effect at present, but still has some problems.Wherein after straw-returning, decomposition difficulty is a critical limitation factor that affects straw-returning technology spread.
(2) mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer market outlook are wide, the improvement but the application technique of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer is still needed
In the last hundred years, using of chemical fertilizer makes a great contribution to agriculture production.Because chemical fertilizer has the advantages such as easy to use, fertilizer efficiency is fast, cause its consumption more and more.But a large amount of in developed regions, excessive use chemical fertilizer in recent years, cause in soil single nutrient as phosphorus or nitrogen content too high, near the nitric nitrogen that cause that soil nutrient balance imbalance, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio are lower, body eutrophication increases the weight of, lose farmland to soil and groundwater pollution grows worse, rhizosphere microflora equilibrium condition suffer destruction, the phenomenon such as plant growth is bad and various disease is on the rise.The research of bio-feritlizer, development and utilization are the important channels that solves this difficult problem.Bush mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, be called for short AMF) be the class peculiar microorganism being distributed widely in all kinds soil, it can with the root growth " mycorhiza " (arbuscular mycorrhiza is called for short AM) of approximately 90% vascular plant on the earth.Mycorhiza is a kind of active, vital reciprocal symbiosis body of soil population, and it has the characteristic of root system of plant and microorganism simultaneously.About AMF, in the effect that promotes host plant to grow, increase the aspects such as host plant P nutrition, adjusting water metabolism and enhancing stress resistance of plant, have a large amount of reports both at home and abroad, as bio-feritlizer AMF, be just day by day subject to the common concern of countries in the world.
Bio-feritlizer has irreplaceable effect to improving crops quality, protection of the environment ecology and agriculture Sustainable development.Especially under facing mankind energy dilemma, resource scarcity, environmental pollution equipressure, the research of bio-feritlizer and application are than be all more subject to the attention of countries in the world any period in the past.The production application of China's microbial fertilizer has the history of decades, and bio-feritlizer effect in husbandry is produced is affirmed, but its effect is aborning also very unstable, and this has limited further popularizing of it.How improving with stabilate fertilizer efficiency is one of important proposition of bio-feritlizer development.
(3) mixed the executing of agricultural crop straw and mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer is the new way that improves bio-feritlizer fertilizer efficiency and promote stalk resource
Bush mycorrhizal fungi improving resistance and the disease resistance of plant, safeguard aspect plant health and bringing into play keying action.Forefathers' research shows, the organic materialss such as mushroom slag, stalk, peat and compost can effectively improve the infection rate of AMF, but different organic materials adds and processing mode differs greatly to AMF application effect.
In view of bush mycorrhizal fungi is in the plurality of advantages of agricultural application and the powerful market requirement of agricultural straw resource, adopt agricultural crop straw and process product raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency and promotion agricultural straw resource, will for agricultural sustainable development, provide new approach.Because different types of agricultural crop straw role in improving crop growth conditions and improving mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency is different, by regulating the processing of agricultural crop straw and method of application to reach the method that improves mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency, this not only provides safeguard for the widespread use of mycorrhizal fungi, and is conducive to the resource utilization of agricultural crop straw.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above technical problem, design provides a kind of agricultural crop straw vat liquor and preparation and application process that is specially adapted to improve mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.The method is simple to operation, and cost is low, promotes plant growth and improves mycorrhizal fungi infection rate successful.The method is applicable to the cash crop such as tomato, cucumber, watermelon, hami melon to be used when using mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and growing seedlings, and rejuvenation and the soil improvement of mycorrhizal fungi in the planting process of the perennial crop such as fruit tree.
The preparation that is suitable for improving the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency of the present invention is chosen three parts containing material selection, making processes and quality index; The application process of agricultural crop straw vat liquor comprises that the parameter of application conditions, time of application and amount of application chooses.
The preparation method of the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency of the present invention is:
Step 1: by agricultural crop straw wash clean, be cut into 1-5cm length after drying or drying, pack in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.1-0.3mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.1-0.5L/h, and ventilation 20-60min, removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs agricultural crop straw in step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of agricultural crop straw and water is 1:(1-20);
Step 3: avoid high light direct projection in lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, preferably 25-30 ℃, through 5-10 days, makes the agricultural crop straw vat liquor that improves mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.
Described agricultural crop straw is selected to meet index: the ratio of Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, hemicellulose >=2.2%, xylogen >=1.0%, carbon and nitrogen element is between 20-50.
The application process of the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of the above-mentioned raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency making: the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of making is finished using in 6 hours, and the amount of application of every mu is 10-20L, uses after adding the water dilution of 2-50 times of quality.
Agricultural crop straw vat liquor after above-mentioned dilution is directly poured onto crop root, or adopts drip irrigation system.
The agricultural crop straw vat liquor of the raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency that the present invention makes meets < < agricultural irrigation water quality standard > > (GB5084-2005), also have other indexs to be: pH5.5-6.5, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (BOD
5)≤50mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD
cr)≤100mg/L, boron (B)≤1.0mg/L, paracolon group number≤8000 and EC≤0.4ms/cm.
Beneficial effect: the material that 1) the agricultural crop straw vat liquor in the present invention is made very easily obtains, and cost is lower, and making processes is simple, and application process is easy; 2) the agricultural crop straw vat liquor that the present invention improves mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency promotes that the efficiency of crop seedling growth is high, promote the successful of plant growth, time is short, and stalk vat liquor waters biomass after approximately 40 days significantly to be increased, and crop seedling biomass improves more than 30%; 3) raw material of the present invention does not add chemosynthesis material, and the stalk vat liquor environmentally safe of producing, meets agricultural sustainable development needs.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Wheat stalk vat liquor and mycorrhizal fungi that Fig. 1: embodiment 1 makes are used the impact on tomato the upperground part biomass, are traditional fertilization, mycorrhizal fungi, stalk vat liquor, stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi processing plantation tomato tomato overground part dry weight numerical value after 40 days in figure.
Figure: 2: maize straw vat liquor and mycorrhizal fungi that embodiment 2 makes are used the impact on tomato the upperground part biomass, in figure, be traditional fertilization, mycorrhizal fungi, stalk vat liquor, stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi processing plantation tomato tomato overground part dry weight numerical value after 40 days.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: by wheat stalk wash clean, be cut into 1-2cm length after drying, pack in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.15mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2L/h, and ventilation 30min, removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs wheat stalk in step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of agricultural crop straw and water is 1:1;
Step 3: avoid high light direct projection in lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 7 days, makes the wheat stalk vat liquor that improves mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.
Described wheat stalk is selected to meet index: Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, hemicellulose >=2.2%, xylogen >=1.0% and C/N are between 20-50.
The wheat stalk vat liquor of the above-mentioned raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency making meets < < agricultural irrigation water quality standard > > (GB5084-2005), also have other indexs to be: pH5.5-6.5, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (BOD
5)≤50mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD
cr)≤100mg/L, boron (B)≤1.0mg/L, paracolon group number≤8000 and EC≤0.4ms/cm.
In the matrix of peat: vermiculite=2:1, plant tomato, in conjunction with conventional fertilizers (chemical fertilizer N 0.2g/kg, P
2o
50.05g/kg, K
2o 0.25g/kg matrix+10g chicken manure organic fertilizer) under using, the wheat stalk vat liquor of making is finished using in 6 hours, the amount of application of every mu is 10L, is directly poured onto tomato root after adding the water dilution of 5 times of quality.Through 40 days, tomato the upperground part biomass that wheat stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is processed is significantly higher than other treatment processs, concrete comparative result is than traditional fertilization, mycorhiza interpolation and independent wheat stalk vat liquor, to process and exceed 123%, 37.0% and 52.8% respectively, the tomato yield that wheat stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is processed is all higher than contrast fertilizer treatment, but between them, there is no statistical difference.Experiment shows, the wheat stalk vat liquor and the using method planting vegetable on seedling medium that adopt the present invention to make can significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi, thereby improves the biomass of tomato seedling.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1: by maize straw wash clean, be cut into 2-4cm length after drying, pack in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.20mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.3L/h, and ventilation 30min, removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs maize straw in step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of maize straw and water is 1:4;
Step 3: avoid high light direct projection in lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 7 days, makes the maize straw vat liquor that improves mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency.
Described maize straw is selected to meet index: Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, hemicellulose >=2.2%, xylogen >=1.0% and C/N are between 20-50.
The maize straw vat liquor of the above-mentioned raising mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency making meets < < agricultural irrigation water quality standard > > (GB5084-2005), also have other indexs to be: pH5.5-6.5, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (BOD
5)≤50mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD
cr)≤100mg/L, boron (B)≤1.0mg/L, paracolon group number≤10000 and EC≤0.4ms/cm.
In the matrix of peat: vermiculite=2:1, plant tomato, in conjunction with conventional fertilizers (chemical fertilizer N 0.2g/kg, P
2o
50.05g/kg, K
2o 0.25g/kg matrix+10g chicken manure organic fertilizer) under using, the maize straw vat liquor of making is finished using in 6 hours, the amount of application of every mu is 15L, after adding the water dilution of 2 times of quality, be directly poured onto tomato root, through 40 days, tomato the upperground part biomass that maize straw vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is processed is respectively traditional fertilization, mycorhiza add and maize straw vat liquor is processed 2.46,1.51 and 2.55 times, stalk vat liquor+mycorrhizal fungi is processed tomato yield all higher than contrast fertilizer treatment, but between them, there is no statistical difference.Experiment shows, the maize straw vat liquor and the using method planting vegetable on seedling medium that adopt the present invention to make can significantly improve the fertilizer efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi, thereby improves the biomass of tomato seedling.
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method who improves the agricultural crop straw vat liquor of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency, is characterized in that, its concrete preparation process is:
Step 1: by agricultural crop straw wash clean, be cut into 1-5cm length after drying or drying, pack in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.1-0.3mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.1-0.5L/h, and ventilation 20-60min, removes chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs agricultural crop straw in step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of agricultural crop straw and water is 1:(1-20);
Step 3: avoid high light direct projection in lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, through 5-10 days, makes the agricultural crop straw vat liquor that improves mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer efficiency;
Described agricultural crop straw is selected to meet index: the ratio of Mierocrystalline cellulose≤2.0%, hemicellulose >=2.2%, xylogen >=1.0%, carbon and nitrogen element is between 20-50.
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| CN103214302B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-22 | 河北大学 | Sawdust mushroom residue nutrition agent used for cultivating mozzie buster, and preparing method thereof |
| CN103130534B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-09-10 | 河北大学 | Sawdust bacteria bran nutritional agent for culturing lavender and preparation method thereof |
| CN108077023A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-29 | 贵州师范学院 | A kind of natural plants soilless culture nutrient fluid based on blue or green stalk leaching liquor |
| CN109053263A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-12-21 | 黑龙江大学 | A kind of preparation method of the harmless plant nutrition liquid based on corn stover Soakage extraction |
| CN110186920B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-04-20 | 福建农林大学 | Method for identifying improved varieties of fir wood with high-efficiency utilization by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
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| CN102249748B (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for promoting crop straw to become efficiently decomposed by use of alkaline residues and application thereof |
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