CN110627582A - Preparation method of solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation - Google Patents
Preparation method of solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The invention discloses a preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation, which comprises the steps of compounding rose branch biochar, welsh onion leaf and tea leaf residue fermentation residues, trichoderma harzianum spore powder, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum powder to obtain a solid carbon-based fertilizer; mixing and compounding the charcoal associated wood vinegar, the welsh onion leaf and tea residue fermentation liquor and the trace element solution to obtain the liquid medicine-fertilizer integrated preparation. According to the invention, the fertilizer is prepared from the waste resources such as rose branches, scallion leaves and tea leaves, the product cost is reduced, the advantages of promoting the growth of crops, sterilizing and inhibiting bacteria and forming a symbiotic system with the crops are fully utilized, the crop yield and the fertilizer utilization rate are improved, the soil environment is improved, the reasonable cyclic utilization of resources is realized, the resource waste and the environmental pollution are avoided, and the fertilizer has a large-scale application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation.
Background
The long-term use of the traditional fertilizer causes the defects of reduced fertilizer efficiency, low utilization rate, soil hardening and the like. According to investigation, the utilization rate of the fertilizer in China is only 35% -40%, and the rest is fixed by soil or leaching causes environmental problems such as water pollution, lake eutrophication and the like.
Various straws, branches and other biomass which can be used as the organic fertilizer substrate raw materials are abandoned at will, and rose branches, green Chinese onion leaves and tea leaves residues are representative of the organic fertilizer substrate raw materials which are rich in various components beneficial to soil improvement. Fresh rose branches are thorny and fluffy, and the treatment difficulty is high, but the hard and high-carbon rose branches are characterized by being good raw materials for preparing carbon-based fertilizers; the green Chinese onion leaves contain various elements required by the growth of crops such as phosphorus, calcium, iron and the like, and contain abundant sulfides, so that the plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively inhibited. The tea leaves usually have a porous reticular structure with a large specific surface area, are rich in tannic acid and active groups such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and the like, and are crop fertilizers with the functions of sterilization and growth promotion. The biochar is a solid product generated by pyrolyzing biomass at an anoxic and relatively low temperature (<700 ℃), and has the characteristics of being porous and rich in various groups on the surface, so that the biochar can be used as a soil conditioner to help plants to grow, and can realize the capture and fixation of carbon elements in soil. The biochar has a porous structure and a developed specific surface area, has strong adsorbability on various elements, can effectively reduce nutrient loss, reduce fertilizer input, provide more space for propagation and proliferation of soil microorganisms, and promote biodegradation of soil organic matters. The charcoal-associated pyroligneous liquor is also called plant acid, is a tawny liquid product obtained in the biomass pyrolysis process, contains various organic matters such as acid, alcohol, phenol, ketone and the like, and trace elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Ge, Mn, Fe and the like and various vitamins, has various effects of promoting plant growth, inhibiting bacteria, weeding, preventing corrosion and the like, and is a green and efficient novel fertilizer.
At present, the fertilizer developed by using biochar, scallion leaves, tea leaves and the like as raw materials only adopts single raw materials or is simply compounded, the requirements of soil on multiple elements and multiple nutrients cannot be met, the advantages and complementarity of each raw material cannot be fully utilized, a large amount of elements, a medium amount of elements and a small amount of elements required by crop growth are difficult to meet, the fertilizer also needs to be used depending on the fertilizer, the fertilizer is often low in utilization rate and unbalanced in nutrition, and various soil environment problems are caused due to repeated application.
The invention provides a preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation by optimizing design on the aspects of processing technology and raw material selection, systematically solves the problems, and provides an important reference for soil improvement and green crop planting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation, which makes full use of the advantage of promoting the growth of crops of the solid carbon-based fertilizer (SCF) and the liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation (LMF), improves the yield of the crops, reduces the production cost of the fertilizer, improves the soil environment, and effectively solves the problems of low utilization rate of the fertilizer, unbalanced nutrition and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation comprises the following specific steps:
(1) taking rose branches as raw materials, carrying out high-pressure hydrothermal carbonization and solid-liquid separation in a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element solution to obtain Biochar (BC) and pyroligneous (WV);
(2) scallion leaves and tea leaves are used as raw materials, and after fermentation by trichoderma asperellum CGM-10, solid-liquid separation is carried out to obtain fermentation residues (FS) and Fermentation Liquor (FL);
(3) mixing the Biochar (BC) obtained in the step (1), the fermentation residue (FS) obtained in the step (2), trichoderma harzianum spore powder, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum powder to obtain a solid carbon-based fertilizer (SCF);
(4) and (3) mixing and compounding the Wood Vinegar (WV) obtained in the step (1), the Fermentation Liquor (FL) obtained in the step (2) and the trace element solution to obtain a liquid medicine-fertilizer integrated preparation (LMF).
Further, the preparation method of the biochar and the pyroligneous liquor in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
putting 1 part of rose branches (the parts are parts by mass and the same below), 5-100 parts of water, 0.1-5 parts of ammonium phosphate and 0.1-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate into a high-pressure reactor by taking the trimmed rose branches as raw materials;
heating to 180-270 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 0.5-5h under the saturation pressure;
and thirdly, cooling to room temperature, and performing solid-liquid separation, wherein the solid part is biochar adsorbing part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the liquid part is rose branch wood vinegar rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and having pH of 2-5.
Furthermore, the rose branches are branch sections smaller than 5 cm.
Further, the preparation method of the fermentation residues and the fermentation liquor in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
plate culture: inoculating Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10CCTCC No. M2014001 mycelium with the activated culture medium, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 5-7d to obtain an inoculated plate;
liquid fermentation seeds: inoculating the Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 spores on the inoculated plate to a liquid seed culture medium, and performing shake cultivation; the inoculation amount of the spores is 107Each 50mL of liquid seed culture medium at a table rotation speed of200rpm/min, and culturing for 48h to obtain Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 liquid fermentation seeds;
③ fermenting raw materials: uniformly mixing 1 part of green Chinese onion leaves with the water content of 40-70% and the cut length of less than 5cm with 0.5-5 parts of waste tea leaves to obtain a fermentation raw material A; mixing with 5-15 parts of water, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min to obtain liquid fermentation material B;
inoculating: adding the trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 liquid fermentation seeds obtained in the step two into a fermentation raw material B at the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃, wherein the adding amount of the trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 liquid fermentation seeds is 1/100-3/100 parts by mass of the fermentation raw material B, so as to obtain a fermentation stock solution C;
fermenting: and (4) culturing the fermentation stock solution C obtained in the step (iv) at 28 ℃ for 5-15 days, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation, wherein the solid part is fistular onion leaves and tea fermentation residues rich in organic matters and active microorganisms, and the liquid part is fermentation liquor.
Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10, Latin literature name Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10, the strain has been collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) 1 month 6 days 2014, the address is Wuhan university in China, the collection number is CCTCC NO: m2014001 (Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10).
Further, the activating culture medium is a PDA culture medium, and the formula of the PDA culture medium is as follows: 200g of potatoes (boiled juice, filtered by eight layers of gauze), 20g of glucose and 20g of agar, and deionized water is added to 1000mL, and the pH value is natural; sterilizing the culture medium at 121 deg.C for 30min, pouring into flat plate, cooling, and inoculating Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10.
Further, the formula of the liquid seed culture medium is as follows: 20g of glucose, 5g of soybean meal, 1g of yeast powder, 1g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and adding deionized water to 1000mL of the solution with the initial pH of 4-7.
Further, the preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer in the step (3) comprises the following steps: mixing 1 part of biochar and 0.2-5 parts of fermentation residues, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is lower than 15%, adding 0.01-0.05 part of trichoderma harzianum spore powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1-0.5 part of gypsum powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solid carbon-based fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of the liquid medicine-fertilizer integrated preparation in the step (4) is as follows: mixing 1 part of pyroligneous liquor and 0.5-2 parts of fermentation liquor, standing for 5-20 days, and taking the middle-stage clarified liquor; adding 0-0.05 part of ferrous sulfate, 0-0.05 part of copper sulfate, 0-0.05 part of manganese sulfate, 0-0.05 part of sodium metaphosphate, 0-0.05 part of borax, 0-0.05 part of zinc sulfate and 0-0.05 part of sodium selenite to obtain the liquid medicine-fertilizer integrated preparation.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation, the rose branches are carbonized under high pressure hydrothermal to obtain biochar and wood vinegar, and scallion leaves and tea leaf residues are used as raw materials and are fermented by trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 to obtain fermentation residues and fermentation liquor; the biochar and the fermentation residues are compounded to obtain a solid carbon-based fertilizer, and the pyroligneous liquor and the fermentation liquor are compounded to obtain a liquid medicine-fertilizer integrated preparation (LMF).
Rose branches are subjected to high-pressure hydrothermal carbonization treatment, the scallion leaves and tea leaves are subjected to fermentation treatment, and the materials are not required to be dried and then are recycled in the two treatment modes, so that the drying energy consumption is avoided; the fermentation residues of the rose branch biochar and the welsh onion leaf tea residues are porous substances rich in carbon sources, so that the organic carbon loss of soil caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers and continuous cropping of land can be effectively supplemented, the porosity of the soil is increased, and more space is provided for the propagation and proliferation of soil microorganisms; the hydrothermal carbonization mode can generate rich functional groups on the surface of the biochar, thereby being beneficial to the absorption of nutrients and the adjustment of the pH value of soil; the rose branch biochar fully adsorbs a large amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium elements necessary for crop growth in the hydrothermal carbonization process, and the slow release effect of the solid carbon-based fertilizer is enhanced; the green Chinese onion leaves and the tea leaf residues are fermented at normal temperature, the damage of high temperature to sterilization and inflammation diminishing components in the green Chinese onion leaves and the tea leaf residues is avoided, meanwhile, trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 can decompose cellulose, has an antagonistic effect on various plant pathogenic bacteria, is beneficial to resisting ultimate pythium by plants, inhibits black rot caused by moniliforme, prevents and controls root rot generated by pythium synapterum, has an antagonistic effect on rhizoctonia solani, and can promote a plant defense system and resist black pod disease by the combined action of the trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 and mycorrhizal fungi native to soil.
The rosewood charcoal, the green Chinese onion tea fermentation residues and the trichoderma harzianum spore powder are compounded, and the porous structures of the charcoal and the fermentation residues can provide a breeding bed and rich carbon sources required by growth for the trichoderma harzianum; the trichoderma harzianum can grow rapidly on the root circumference and the leaf circumference of the plant, occupies the site on the surface of the plant body, forms a protective cover, prevents pathogenic fungi from contacting the root system and the surface of the leaf of the plant, thereby protecting the root and the leaf of the plant from being infected by the pathogenic fungi and ensuring that the plant can grow healthily; the trichoderma harzianum can colonize plant root systems, generate compounds for stimulating plant growth and inducing plant defense reaction, improve the microenvironment of the root systems, and generate protease which can degrade pathogenic bacteria for digesting plant cell walls, directly inhibit the germination of the pathogenic bacteria, passivate enzymes of the pathogenic bacteria, prevent the pathogenic bacteria from invading plant cells, enhance the growth vigor and disease resistance of plants, and improve the yield and income of crops. In addition, the biological carbon, the fermentation residues, the ammonium phosphate, the monopotassium phosphate and the gypsum powder are compounded, so that the P, K, Ca fertilizer effect of the solid carbon-based fertilizer can be improved, and the aims of one-time fertilization and multi-effect supplement are fulfilled.
The pyroligneous liquor obtained by the hydrothermal carbonization of rose branches contains various organic matters such as acid, alcohol, phenol, ketone and the like, and trace elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Ge, Mn, Fe and the like and vitamins, and has various effects of promoting the growth of crops, inhibiting bacteria, weeding, preventing corrosion and the like. The fermentation process of the scallion leaves and the tea leaves releases sulfides contained in the scallion and tannic acid contained in the tea leaves into fermentation liquor. The wood vinegar and the fermentation liquor are supplemented with microelements for regulating growth to prepare the pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation, so that other components not provided by the solid carbon-based fertilizer can be supplemented, full and comprehensive nutrient elements are provided for the growth of crops, and the effects of sterilization and deinsectization are realized.
The invention makes full use of the waste resources such as rose branches, scallion leaves, tea leaves and the like to prepare the fertilizer, realizes reasonable cyclic utilization of the resources and reduces the fertilizer cost. The preparation method of the product is simple, controllable and easy to implement, and can provide important guarantee for green organic agriculture.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Trichoderma harzianum spore powder was purchased from Jinyao biotech Inc., Shandong.
The invention comprehensively considers the influence of the mixture ratio of the raw materials and the preparation conditions on the performance of the integrated fertilizer through related tests, and designs 10 groups of tests by taking blank tests as reference; the technological parameters of the integrated fertilizers in each group are shown in the table 1.
The related test of the invention is carried out in the province of Si gang, Dong county, east China in 2019 in 4-9 months, the test cultivated land belongs to the temperate monsoon continental climate with the altitude of 32 meters, the average temperature of 24.8 ℃ in the planting period, the average sunshine hours of 191.3 hours and the soil water content of 40-75 percent.
The solid carbon-based fertilizer (SCF) is fertilized once in 4 months, and the fertilizing amount per mu is 200 kg. The fertilizer and soil within 20 cm below the ground are evenly mixed and sown. The liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation (LMF) is sprayed for three times in 4-6 months, and the fertilizing amount per mu is 10 kg.
Planting Chinese chives in 4 months, wherein the Chinese chives are planted in the form of single-root red, the Chinese chives are planted in 10 blocks in the same position of 1 mu of land, and the Chinese chives are harvested 1cm above the ground every 20 days in the continuous 100 days in 6 months, 7 months, 8 months and 9 months, and the total weight of the Chinese chives obtained by 5 times of harvesting in a unit area. The test results are shown in Table 1.
Spring wheat is sowed in 4 months, the wheat variety is Nongda 3486, 10 mu of land are planted in the same position, the wheat variety is divided into 10 blocks for planting, and after the wheat variety is harvested in 8 months, the wheat variety is threshed and weighed. The test results are shown in Table 1.
The peanuts are sowed in 4 months, the variety is Luhua No. 11, the peanuts are planted in 3 mu of land at the same position, the peanuts are divided into 10 blocks for planting, and after the peanuts are harvested in 9 months, the peanuts are cleaned, aired for 3 days, and weighed with shells. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The results in table 1 show that, compared with the blank test, the yield of the three crops of the leek, the wheat and the peanut is obviously improved by adopting the solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation for planting. The invention can reduce the planting cost, improve the soil fertility and the fertilizer utilization rate, provide full and comprehensive nutrient elements for the growth of crops, play a certain role in sterilizing and disinsectizing, and provide an excellent growth environment for the crops.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) taking rose branches as raw materials, carrying out high-pressure hydrothermal carbonization and solid-liquid separation in a nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element solution to obtain biochar and pyroligneous;
(2) scallion leaves and tea leaves are used as raw materials, and after fermentation by trichoderma asperellum CGM-10, solid-liquid separation is carried out to obtain fermentation residues and fermentation liquor;
(3) mixing the biochar obtained in the step (1), the fermentation residue obtained in the step (2), trichoderma harzianum spore powder, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum powder to obtain a solid carbon-based fertilizer;
(4) and (3) mixing and compounding the wood vinegar obtained in the step (1), the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (2) and the trace element solution to obtain the liquid medicine-fertilizer integrated preparation.
2. The preparation method of the integrated preparation of the solid carbon-based fertilizer and the liquid insecticide-fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biochar and the pyroligneous liquor in step (1) is as follows:
putting 1 part of rose branches, 5-100 parts of water, 0.1-5 parts of ammonium phosphate and 0.1-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate into a high-pressure reactor by taking the trimmed rose branches as raw materials;
heating to 180-270 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-10 ℃/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 0.5-5h under the saturation pressure;
and thirdly, cooling to room temperature, and performing solid-liquid separation, wherein the solid part is biochar, and the liquid part is rose branch wood vinegar with the pH value of 2-5.
3. The preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid insecticide-fertilizer integrated preparation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rosewood branches are branch segments smaller than 5 cm.
4. The preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid insecticide-fertilizer integrated preparation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fermentation residues and the fermentation broth in step (2) is as follows:
plate culture: inoculating Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 mycelium with an activated culture medium, and culturing at 30 deg.C for 5-7d to obtain an inoculated plate;
liquid fermentation seeds: inoculating the Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 spores on the inoculated plate to a liquid seed culture medium, and performing shake cultivation; the inoculation amount of the spores is 107Every 50mL of liquid seed culture medium is cultured for 48h at the rotating speed of a shaking table of 200rpm/min to obtain Trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 liquid fermentation seeds;
③ fermenting raw materials: uniformly mixing 1 part of green Chinese onion leaves with the water content of 40-70% and the cut length of less than 5cm with 0.5-5 parts of waste tea leaves to obtain a fermentation raw material A; mixing with 5-15 parts of water, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 30min to obtain liquid fermentation material B;
inoculating: adding the trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 liquid fermentation seeds obtained in the step two into a fermentation raw material B at the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃, wherein the adding amount of the trichoderma asperellum CGM-10 liquid fermentation seeds is 1/100-3/100 parts by mass of the fermentation raw material B, so as to obtain a fermentation stock solution C;
fermenting: and d, culturing the fermentation stock solution C obtained in the step IV at the temperature of 28 ℃ for 5-15 days, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation, wherein the solid part is fermentation residues, and the liquid part is fermentation liquor.
5. The preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the activation medium in step (i) is a PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium.
6. The preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the formula of the liquid seed culture medium in step (ii) is as follows: 20g of glucose, 5g of soybean meal, 1g of yeast powder, 1g of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and adding deionized water to 1000mL, wherein the initial pH value is 4-7.
7. The preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid insecticide-fertilizer integrated preparation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer in step (3) is as follows: mixing 1 part of biochar and 0.2-5 parts of fermentation residues, drying at 90 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is lower than 15%, adding 0.01-0.05 part of trichoderma harzianum spore powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1-0.5 part of gypsum powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain the solid carbon-based fertilizer.
8. The preparation method of the solid carbon-based fertilizer and liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the liquid pesticide-fertilizer integrated preparation in the step (4) is as follows: mixing 1 part of pyroligneous liquor and 0.5-2 parts of fermentation liquor, standing for 5-20 days, and taking the middle-stage clarified liquor; adding 0-0.05 part of ferrous sulfate, 0-0.05 part of copper sulfate, 0-0.05 part of manganese sulfate, 0-0.05 part of sodium metaphosphate, 0-0.05 part of borax, 0-0.05 part of zinc sulfate and 0-0.05 part of sodium selenite to obtain the liquid medicine-fertilizer integrated preparation.
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| CN114568249A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-03 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Tea branch cutting seedling raising rod and seedling raising method |
| CN115141769A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-10-04 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | Culture medium for improving thallus abundance of achromobacter or enterobacter and fermentation method thereof |
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| CN114568249A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-03 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Tea branch cutting seedling raising rod and seedling raising method |
| CN114568249B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-08-02 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Tea branch cutting seedling raising rod and seedling raising method |
| CN115141769A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-10-04 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | Culture medium for improving thallus abundance of achromobacter or enterobacter and fermentation method thereof |
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