CN115322056A - Application of water-retaining agent and application of composite bio-organic fertilizer with water-retaining function - Google Patents

Application of water-retaining agent and application of composite bio-organic fertilizer with water-retaining function Download PDF

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CN115322056A
CN115322056A CN202211127193.8A CN202211127193A CN115322056A CN 115322056 A CN115322056 A CN 115322056A CN 202211127193 A CN202211127193 A CN 202211127193A CN 115322056 A CN115322056 A CN 115322056A
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organic fertilizer
bio
water
fertilizer
soil
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陈晓燕
翟修彩
李锡明
骆毛喜
刘玉珍
郭小红
李英武
杨风顺
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Zhangzhou Sunju Biology Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to an application of a composite biological organic fertilizer with a water retention function. The invention provides application of a composite bio-organic fertilizer added with a water-retaining agent in improving activity of hardened soil functional bacteria and/or enhancing fertility preservation of hardened soil. The composite biological organic fertilizer obtained by adding the water-retaining agent has the characteristics of convenience and labor saving in use and fertilizer efficiency enhancement. The composite biological organic fertilizer is applied to the hardened red soil, so that the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved, and the stability of functional bacteria in the biological organic fertilizer after application is maintained, so that the problems that the hardened soil is easy to lose in fertilizer efficiency and low in functional microbial activity are solved, and the growth of crops is further promoted. The experimental results of the embodiment show that the soil is moist and loose after the compound bio-organic fertilizer is applied for 15 days; slowing down the reduction range of the number of functional bacteria; the cation exchange capacity of the soil is obviously improved, and the soil fertility preserving capability is enhanced.

Description

Application of water-retaining agent and application of composite bio-organic fertilizer with water-retaining function
The application is a divisional application with the application date of 26.11 months and 26 months in 2020 and the application number of 202011348868.2, and the invention name of 'a composite biological organic fertilizer with water retention function and a preparation method thereof'.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to an application of a composite biological organic fertilizer with a water retention function.
Background
The biological organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which is prepared by compounding specific functional microorganisms and organic materials mainly prepared from animal and plant residues (such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like) through harmless treatment and decomposition and has the effects of both the microbial fertilizer and the organic fertilizer. After the biological organic fertilizer is applied to soil, beneficial bacteria can be propagated under good soil conditions, the function of rhizosphere flora of crops is improved, and the effects of promoting the growth of the crops and improving the soil environment are achieved. The strains used by the biological organic fertilizer generally belong to aerobic, heterotrophic and mesophilic microorganisms, and are favorable for the propagation and growth of the microorganisms when the soil is good in ventilation, rich in nutrients, proper in temperature and humidity (the temperature is 5-35 ℃, the humidity is about 60%) and moderate in pH value (the pH value is 5.5-6.5).
However, in high-temperature drought and soil hardening areas, soil is mostly in the states of poor air permeability, deficient nutrient loss, large day and night temperature difference and the like. On one hand, the soil hardening problem is common, and on the other hand, the arid hilly and mountainous areas in the south and north are lack of water, which is not beneficial to the performance of the functional bacteria of the bio-organic fertilizer. Under the above adverse conditions, the growth of microorganisms can be obviously slowed down or stopped, and the fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer is influenced. In agricultural production, a method for compounding and applying a bio-organic fertilizer and a water-retaining agent is adopted, namely the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are applied to soil step by step, although the method has a certain effect on improving the soil fertility, the method only has water retaining capacity at the gathering part of the water-retaining agent, the fertilizer efficiency improving effect on organic fertilizer functional bacteria is not obvious, the problem of poor soil fertility-retaining capacity is not solved, and labor force is increased.
Therefore, it is required to provide a composite bio-organic fertilizer with a water retention function, which can effectively improve the bio-fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer retention capacity of the bio-organic fertilizer, thereby promoting the growth of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of a water-retaining agent serving as a composite biological organic fertilizer raw material in improving the fertilizer retention capacity and/or biological fertilizer efficiency of the biological organic fertilizer. The composite biological organic fertilizer containing the water-retaining agent is applied to the hardened red soil, so that the biological fertilizer efficiency and the fertilizer retention capacity of the biological organic fertilizer can be enhanced, and the growth of crops is promoted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a composite biological organic fertilizer with a water retention function, which comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a water retention agent, wherein the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the water retention agent is (100-500) to 1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the water-retaining agent is (200-300): 1.
Preferably, the water retaining agent is a polyacrylate water retaining agent.
Preferably, the water retention agent comprises ammonium polyacrylate and/or potassium polyacrylate.
Preferably, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises an organic carrier and functional bacteria; the functional bacteria comprise paenibacillus mucilaginosus and/or bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, the organic carrier is obtained by fermenting and decomposing waste organic resources under the action of a decomposing agent.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the waste organic resources to the decomposing inoculant is (98-99.8) to (0.2-2.0).
Preferably, the waste organic resources comprise more than two of mushroom residue, tea residue, bean dregs, livestock manure, bran, rice bran, fruit residue and seaweed residue.
Preferably, the preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the waste organic resources with a decomposing agent to obtain a mixed material; the C/N of the mixed material is (25-30): 1; the water content of the mixed material is 50-65%;
sequentially carrying out aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain an organic carrier;
mixing the organic carrier with the functional bacterial liquid to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; the functional bacterial liquid is obtained by sequentially carrying out strain activation, primary fermentation, secondary fermentation and tertiary fermentation on functional bacteria.
Preferably, the number of effective viable bacteria in the compound bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/g.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound biological organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: and (3) mixing the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent to obtain the composite bio-organic fertilizer.
The invention also provides application of the water-retaining agent as a composite biological organic fertilizer raw material in improving the fertilizer retention capacity and/or biological fertilizer efficiency of the biological organic fertilizer, wherein the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylate water-retaining agent.
The invention also provides application of the composite bio-organic fertilizer added with the water retaining agent in the technical scheme in enhancing one or more of bio-fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer retention capacity and crop growth promotion; the composite biological organic fertilizer comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a water-retaining agent, wherein the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the water-retaining agent is (100-500) to 1.
Preferably, the biological fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer retention capacity of the biological organic fertilizer are enhanced by improving the activity of functional bacteria in the hardened red soil and/or enhancing the fertilizer retention capacity of the hardened red soil.
The invention provides a composite biological organic fertilizer, which comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a water-retaining agent, wherein the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the water-retaining agent is (100-500) to 1. According to the composite biological organic fertilizer, the biological organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are compounded, and the fertilizer retention capacity of the biological organic fertilizer is improved through the water-retaining agent, so that the growth of crops is promoted; by controlling the proportion of the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent, the functional bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer are promoted to exert fertilizer efficiency after being applied, and the biological fertilizer efficiency of the functional bacteria is improved. The composite biological organic fertilizer obtained by adding the water-retaining agent has the characteristics of convenient and labor-saving use and fertilizer efficiency enhancement. The invention provides application of a composite biological organic fertilizer with a water retention function in improving the activity of functional bacteria of hardened soil and/or enhancing the fertility preservation of the hardened soil. The experimental results of the embodiment show that after the compound bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention is applied for 15 days, the soil is not hardened and is still in a wet and loose state; slowing down the reduction range of the number of functional bacteria; the soil cation exchange capacity can reach 26.9cmol/kg, and the fertilizer retention capacity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the appearance of soil at days 1 and 15 of culture in treatment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the appearance of soil at day 1 and day 15 of culture in treatment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the appearance of soil on days 1 and 15 of the culture in control 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the appearance of soil on days 1 and 15 of the culture in comparative example 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the appearance of soil on days 1 and 15 of culture in treatment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the appearance of soil on days 1 and 15 of culture in treatment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparison of the appearance of soil on days 1 and 15 in the culture of control 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the appearance of soil on days 1 and 15 in comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Biological preservation Instructions
Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus licheniformis), the preservation place is China general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation number is CGMCC No.3995, and the preservation time is 2010, 10 months and 27 days;
the preservation site of the Bacillus subtilis is China general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation number is CGMCC NO.10248, and the preservation time is 2014, 12 months and 29 days.
The address of the depository: xilu No.1 Hospital No.3 of Beijing market Chaoyang district
Detailed Description
The invention provides a composite biological organic fertilizer with a water retention function, which comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a water retention agent, wherein the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the water retention agent is (100-500): 1.
The composite biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention comprises a biological organic fertilizer. In the invention, the bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises an organic carrier and functional bacteria. In the invention, the effective viable count of functional bacteria in the biological organic fertilizer is preferably 0.2-1.0 hundred million/g.
In the invention, the organic carrier is preferably obtained by fermenting and decomposing waste organic resources under the action of a decomposing agent.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the waste organic resource to the decomposing inoculant is preferably (98-99.8) to (0.2-2.0), more preferably (98.5-99.5) to (0.5-1.5), and most preferably 99.
In the invention, the waste organic resources preferably comprise more than two of mushroom residue, tea residue, bean dregs, livestock manure, bran, rice bran, fruit residue and seaweed residue. The invention takes the waste organic resources as the principle of preparing the organic carrier, and can realize the recycling of the waste while providing the organic matters. The invention has no special limit on the types and the use amounts of all the components in the waste organic resources, and the mixture ratio can meet the use requirement according to the types of the raw materials.
In the invention, the decomposing inoculant is preferably a straw decomposing inoculant disclosed in Chinese patent (CN 104651277A: a straw decomposing inoculant and a preparation method and application thereof). The invention adopts the patent decomposition microbial inoculum, and can ensure that the organic carrier is decomposed and harmless.
The source of the organic carrier is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the organic carrier can be prepared by using a commercially available product or according to a fermentation decomposition method of the organic carrier well known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the method for preparing the organic vehicle preferably comprises the steps of:
(1) Mixing the waste organic resources with a decomposing agent to obtain a mixed material;
(2) And (2) fermenting the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the organic carrier.
The invention preferably mixes the waste organic resources with the decomposing agent to obtain a mixed material. In the invention, the C/N of the mixed material is preferably (25-30): 1, more preferably (26-28): 1; the water content of the mixed material is preferably 50 to 65%, more preferably 55 to 60%. The invention controls the C/N and the water content of the mixed material within the above range, and is more suitable for the fermentation tubes to play a role.
After the mixed material is obtained, the invention preferentially ferments the mixed material to obtain the organic carrier. In the present invention, the fermentation preferably includes aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation which are sequentially performed.
In the present invention, the aerobic fermentation is preferably carried out under aerobic conditions; the invention preferably turns over and throws the material to fully expose oxygen. In the present invention, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is preferably 25 to 65 ℃, more preferably 30 to 62 ℃, and most preferably 35 to 60 ℃; the time for the aerobic fermentation is preferably 25 to 40 days, and more preferably 30 to 35 days.
In the present invention, the anaerobic fermentation is preferably a heap fermentation. In the present invention, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is preferably 25 to 35 ℃, more preferably 28 to 32 ℃; the time for the anaerobic fermentation is preferably 30 to 60 days, and more preferably 40 to 50 days.
The preparation method is adopted to prepare the organic carrier, fermentation parameters are strictly controlled in the fermentation process, and the organic carrier can be further guaranteed to be thoroughly decomposed and harmless.
In the present invention, the functional bacteria preferably include Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and/or Bacillus subtilis. In the embodiment of the invention, the preservation place of the paenibacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus licheniformis) is China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC No.3995, and the preservation time is 10 months and 27 days in 2010. In the invention, the preservation place of the Bacillus subtilis is China general microbiological culture Collection center, the preservation number is CGMCC No.10248, and the preservation time is 2015, 1 month and 20 days.
The preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer is not specially limited, and the organic carrier and the functional bacteria are mixed. In the present invention, the functional bacteria are preferably mixed with the organic carrier in the form of a bacterial solution of the functional bacteria. The invention has no special limit on the proportion of the organic carrier and the functional bacteria liquid, and ensures that the effective viable count of the obtained biological organic fertilizer is 0.2-1.0 hundred million/g.
In the present invention, preferably, the preparation of the functional bacteria solution comprises: and (3) sequentially carrying out strain activation, primary fermentation, secondary fermentation and tertiary fermentation on the functional strain to obtain the functional strain liquid.
The invention preferably activates the functional bacteria strain to obtain the activated bacteria strain. In the present invention, the strain activation preferably includes: inoculating the functional bacteria strain into an activation culture medium for activation to obtain an activated strain. In the present invention, the temperature of the activation is preferably 28 to 30 ℃, more preferably 29 ℃; the activation time is preferably 24 to 28 hours, more preferably 26 hours.
In the present invention, the activation medium of paenibacillus jelly is preferably a solid medium, and the composition of the solid medium preferably includes: 10 to 15g/L of glucose, 0.3 to 0.5g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2 to 0.4g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.3g/L of sodium chloride, 1 to 1.5g/L of calcium carbonate and 20 to 25g/L of agar powder. In the present invention, the initial pH of the activated-grade culture medium of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus is preferably 7.0 to 7.5.
In the present invention, the activating medium for bacillus subtilis preferably includes: 10-15 g/L of glucose, 8-10 g/L of peptone, 5-10 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.5-1 g/L of calcium carbonate. In the present invention, the initial pH of the activation medium of Bacillus subtilis is preferably 7.0 to 7.5.
After the activated strain is obtained, the activated strain is preferably subjected to primary fermentation to obtain primary fermentation liquid. In the present invention, the primary fermentation preferably comprises: inoculating the activated strain into a primary culture medium for culturing to obtain primary fermentation liquid. The temperature of the primary fermentation in the invention is preferably 28-30 ℃, and more preferably 29 ℃; the time of the primary fermentation is preferably 45-50 h, and more preferably 48h; the first-stage fermentation is preferably shake flask fermentation.
In the present invention, the first-order culture medium of paenibacillus mucilaginosus is preferably a solid culture medium, and the composition of the solid culture medium preferably comprises: 12 to 16g/L of cane sugar, 0.4 to 0.8g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.3 to 0.5g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 to 0.3g/L of sodium chloride, 2.0 to 3.0g/L of calcium carbonate and 20 to 25g/L of agar powder. In the present invention, the initial pH of the primary culture medium of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus is preferably 7.0 to 7.5.
In the present invention, the primary culture medium of Bacillus subtilis preferably comprises: 12-18 g/L of sucrose, 8-10 g/L of peptone, 5-10 g/L of sodium chloride and 0.5-1 g/L of calcium carbonate. In the present invention, the initial pH of the primary culture medium of Bacillus subtilis is preferably 7.0 to 7.5.
After the primary fermentation broth is obtained, the primary fermentation broth is preferably subjected to secondary fermentation to obtain secondary fermentation broth. In the present invention, the secondary fermentation preferably comprises: inoculating the primary fermentation liquid into a secondary culture medium for culturing to obtain secondary fermentation liquid. In the present invention, the temperature of the secondary fermentation is preferably 28 to 30 ℃, more preferably 29 ℃; the time of the secondary fermentation is preferably 48 to 72 hours, and more preferably 54 to 66 hours; the secondary fermentation is preferably a seed tank fermentation.
In the present invention, the secondary medium for Paenibacillus mucilaginosus preferably comprises: 5.5-9 g/L of starch, 1.6-2.0 g/L of yeast powder, 6-8 g/L of soybean meal, 1-1.4 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 2-3 g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 5.5-8.5 g/L of calcium carbonate and 0.2-0.3 g/L of sodium chloride. In the present invention, the initial pH of the secondary culture medium of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus is preferably 7.0 to 7.5.
In the present invention, the secondary medium of Bacillus subtilis preferably includes: 7-12 g/L of brown sugar, 2-2.5 g/L of starch, 10-12 g/L of soybean meal, 2-3 g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.5-1 g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 g/L of calcium chloride, 0.2-0.5 g/L of manganese sulfate and 0.01-0.05 g/L of ferric chloride. In the present invention, the initial pH of the secondary culture medium of Bacillus subtilis is preferably 7.0 to 7.5.
After the secondary fermentation liquid is obtained, the invention preferably performs tertiary fermentation on the secondary fermentation liquid to obtain the functional bacteria liquid. In the present invention, the three-stage fermentation preferably comprises: and inoculating the secondary fermentation liquid into a tertiary culture medium for fermentation to obtain functional bacteria liquid. In the present invention, the inoculation amount of the secondary fermentation broth is preferably three stages4 to 6%, more preferably 5% by mass of the culture medium; the third-stage fermentation is preferably fermentation tank fermentation; the temperature of the third-stage fermentation is preferably 30-35 ℃, and more preferably 32 ℃; the time for the tertiary fermentation is preferably 3 to 5 days, more preferably 4 days. In the present invention, the process of the three-stage fermentation is preferably aerated, and the aeration is preferably performed by: the ventilation volume is 10-20 m within the first 24h of fermentation 3 H; after fermentation for 24 hours, the ventilation capacity is 15-24 m 3 H is used as the reference value. In the present invention, the three-stage fermentation is preferably performed under stirring; the frequency of stirring is preferably 1 to 2 times/h, and the time of each stirring is preferably 10 to 20min.
In the present invention, the tertiary medium of each species is preferably the same as the secondary medium of the corresponding species in composition.
The composite biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention comprises a water-retaining agent. In the present invention, the water retaining agent is preferably a polyacrylate type water retaining agent, more preferably comprises ammonium polyacrylate and/or potassium polyacrylate. In the invention, the water-retaining agent can absorb nutrient elements dissolved in water, and is compounded with the biological organic fertilizer for use, so that the fertilizer-retaining capacity of the biological organic fertilizer is improved; and the water-retaining agent has the structural functions of water retention, heat preservation and soil loosening, after the composite bio-organic fertilizer containing the water-retaining agent is applied to soil, the water retention performance of the water-retaining agent can maintain the humidity of the bio-organic fertilizer, the porosity can enhance the air permeability of the bio-organic fertilizer, a more suitable growth environment is created for functional bacteria, particularly in high-temperature drought and soil hardening areas, the heat preservation performance can reduce the day-night temperature difference of the bio-organic fertilizer, the microbial reproductive capacity and the biological activity are improved, the biological fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer is enhanced, and therefore the soil fertility is improved.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the water retaining agent is (100-500): 1, preferably (200-300): 1. In the invention, the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the water-retaining agent is in the range, and the bio-organic fertilizer can maintain proper humidity, porosity and heat preservation performance after being applied to soil, thereby improving the reproductive capacity and biological activity of microorganisms and enhancing the biological fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer.
In the invention, the number of effective viable bacteria in the compound biological organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/g, and more preferably more than or equal to 0.50 hundred million/g. In the invention, the composite biological organic fertilizer meets the technical indexes required by NY 884-2012: the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 30 percent, the pH value is 5.5 to 8.5, the number of faecal coliform groups is less than or equal to 100/g, and the death rate of ascarid eggs is more than or equal to 95 percent.
The composite biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention comprises a biological organic fertilizer and a water-retaining agent, wherein the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the water-retaining agent is (100-500) to 1. According to the composite biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention, the biological organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are compounded, and the fertilizer-retaining capacity of the biological organic fertilizer is improved through the water-retaining agent, so that the growth of crops is promoted; by controlling the proportion of the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent, the functional bacteria in the bio-organic fertilizer are promoted to play the fertilizer effect after being applied, and the biological fertilizer effect of the functional bacteria is improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite biological organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: and mixing the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent to obtain the composite bio-organic fertilizer. The operation of the mixing is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the technical scheme of mixing materials, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted. The preparation method of the composite biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention is simple.
The composite bio-organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1, composite biological organic fertilizer: the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the potassium polyacrylate is 200, and the biological organic fertilizer contains 1.0 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Activating strains: inoculating the bacillus subtilis strain into an activation culture medium for activation, wherein the activation temperature is 29 ℃, and the activation time is 26 hours, so as to obtain the activated strain. Activation of the medium: 15g/L glucose, 10g/L peptone, 8g/L sodium chloride and 0.7g/L calcium carbonate, and the initial pH value is 7.0.
(2) Primary fermentation: inoculating the activated strain into a primary culture medium for culturing to obtain primary fermentation liquid. The temperature of the primary fermentation is 29 ℃, and the time of the primary fermentation is 48 hours. Primary fermentation medium: 16g/L of sucrose, 10g/L of peptone, 9g/L of sodium chloride and 0.8g/L of calcium carbonate, and the initial pH value is 7.0.
(3) Secondary fermentation: and inoculating the primary fermentation liquid into a secondary culture medium for culturing at the fermentation temperature of 29 ℃ for 60 hours to obtain the secondary fermentation liquid. Secondary culture medium: 10g/L of brown sugar, 2g/L of starch, 11g/L of soybean meal, 2g/L of monopotassium phosphate, 1g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 1g/L of calcium carbonate, 0.9g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.8g/L of calcium chloride, 0.4g/L of manganese sulfate and 0.02g/L of ferric chloride, and the initial pH value is 7.5.
(4) And (3) three-stage fermentation: inoculating the secondary fermentation liquid into a tertiary culture medium for fermentation, wherein the inoculation amount is 5% of the mass of the tertiary culture medium, the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, and the ventilation volume is 15m in the first 24h of the fermentation 3 H; the ventilation capacity after 24h fermentation is 18m 3 /h，
Stirring frequency is 2 times/h, each time stirring for 15min, and fermenting time is 4 days to obtain zymophyte liquid. The composition of the tertiary medium is the same as that of the secondary medium.
The preparation method of the compound bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the mushroom residue, the bean dregs, the livestock manure, the bran and the fruit residues are mixed into an organic mixed material according to the proportion of 3. Mixing the following materials: the straw decomposing inoculant is uniformly put into a fermentation tank according to the proportion of a decomposing inoculant =99, the decomposing inoculant is a patent product with limited shares of Fujian Sanju biotechnology, and the patent name of the straw decomposing inoculant is 'a straw decomposing inoculant and a preparation method and application thereof', and the patent number of the straw decomposing inoculant is CN 104651277A. And (3) regularly turning and throwing by using a turning and throwing machine during fermentation, fermenting the materials for 35 days at the temperature of between 35 and 60 ℃ by fully aerating oxygen, discharging the materials out of the tank and stacking the materials for anaerobic after-ripening fermentation for 40 days at the temperature of between 29 and 32 ℃, and fully decomposing the materials to prepare the organic carrier.
According to the mass parts, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid are uniformly mixed by a sprayer and adsorbed on 98 parts of organic carriers to prepare the biological organic fertilizer. And adding 1 part of potassium polyacrylate into 200 parts of the biological organic fertilizer by mass, and uniformly mixing to prepare the composite biological organic fertilizer 1.
Example 2
And (3) compound bio-organic fertilizer 2: the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the potassium polyacrylate is 300, and the biological organic fertilizer contains 1.0 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis.
The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis liquid and the composite biological organic fertilizer refers to 'embodiment 1', and the difference is that: adding 1 part of potassium polyacrylate into 300 parts of the biological organic fertilizer by mass, and uniformly mixing to prepare the composite biological fertilizer 2.
Example 3
3, composite biological organic fertilizer: the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the ammonium polyacrylate is 200.
The preparation method of the paenibacillus jelly bacterial liquid comprises the following steps:
the process flow and the process parameters of the paenibacillus jelly bacterial liquid refer to the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, and the two methods are mainly different in medium components. The components of the culture medium of the paenibacillus jelly are as follows:
(1) Activation medium composition: 12g/L of glucose, 0.3g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.3g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.2g/L of sodium chloride, 1.5g/L of calcium carbonate and 20g/L of agar powder, and the initial pH value is 7.0.
(2) The first-stage fermentation medium comprises the following components: 14g/L of sucrose, 0.6g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.4g/L of magnesium sulfate, 0.3g/L of sodium chloride, 2.5g/L of calcium carbonate and 20g/L of agar powder, and the initial pH value is 7.0.
(3) The second-level culture medium and the third-level culture medium comprise: 7.5g/L of starch, 1.8g/L of yeast powder, 7g/L of soybean meal, 1.2g/L of magnesium sulfate, 2.8g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 6.5g/L of calcium carbonate and 0.3g/L of sodium chloride, and the initial pH value is 7.5.
The preparation method of the compound bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mushroom sediment, tea-leaf, bean dregs, rice bran, marine alga sediment are according to 2. According to the mixed materials: the decomposing inoculant is uniformly added into a fermentation tank according to the proportion of =99.5 to 0.5, the decomposing inoculant is from a patent product with limited shares of biotechnology in Fujian three torches, and the patent name is 'a straw decomposing inoculant and a preparation method and application thereof', and the patent number is CN 104651277A. And (3) regularly turning and throwing by using a turning and throwing machine during fermentation, fermenting the materials for 40 days at the temperature of between 35 and 65 ℃ by fully aerating oxygen, discharging the materials out of the tank and stacking the materials for anaerobic after-ripening fermentation for 45 days at the temperature of between 28 and 30 ℃, and fully decomposing the materials to prepare the organic carrier. According to the mass parts, 3 parts of the bacillus mucilaginosus liquid are uniformly mixed and adsorbed on 97 parts of the organic carrier by a sprayer, and the biological organic fertilizer is prepared. And adding 1 part of ammonium polyacrylate into 200 parts of the biological organic fertilizer by mass, and uniformly mixing to prepare the composite biological organic fertilizer 3.
Example 4
And (4) compound biological organic fertilizer: the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the ammonium polyacrylate is 300, and the bio-organic fertilizer contains 0.5 hundred million/g of paenibacillus jelly.
The preparation method of the paenibacillus jelly bacterial liquid and the compound bio-organic fertilizer refers to 'example 3', and the difference is that: and adding 1 part of ammonium polyacrylate into 300 parts of the biological organic fertilizer by mass, and uniformly mixing to prepare the composite microbial fertilizer 4.
Performance testing
And (3) testing the influence of the compound bio-organic fertilizer on the physicochemical property of soil and the activity of functional bacteria (bacillus subtilis and paenibacillus mucilaginosus).
(1) Materials and methods
The test was carried out in laboratories of "three torches" of Nanjing county, fujian province, using a constant temperature soil culture method. The soil and the compound biological organic fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of 1. The soil is taken from a local field, the soil type is red soil which is in a hardened state, and the soil is air-dried, subjected to impurity removal, ground and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve for later use.
The bio-organic fertilizer is used as a control, the property of the bio-organic fertilizer 1 is the same as that of the compound bio-organic fertilizers 1 and 2 except that the bio-organic fertilizer does not contain a water-retaining agent, and the property of the bio-organic fertilizer 2 is the same as that of the compound bio-organic fertilizers 3 and 4.
The biological organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are used as a comparative example, and the weight percentages of (the biological organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent) are as follows: and (2) sequentially adding the soil and the culture medium into soil according to the mass ratio of soil =1, mixing to obtain a mixture, and performing the culture method and other treatments. The purpose of the comparative example is to compare the effects of applying the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent after preparing the composite bio-organic fertilizer and applying the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent step by step.
Treatment 1: the content of bacillus subtilis in the mixture of 1+ soil is 0.5 hundred million/g.
And (3) treatment 2: 2+ soil of the compound biological organic fertilizer, and the content of bacillus subtilis in the mixture is 0.5 hundred million/g.
Control 1: 1+ soil of biological organic fertilizer, and the content of bacillus subtilis in the mixture is 0.5 hundred million/g.
Comparative example 1: the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer 1 to the potassium polyacrylate to the soil is 200.
And (3) treatment: the content of the gel-like paenibacillus in the mixture is 0.25 hundred million/g.
And (4) treatment: the content of the gel-like paenibacillus in the mixture of the compound biological organic fertilizer 4+ soil is 0.25 hundred million/g.
Control 2: 2+ soil of the bio-organic fertilizer, and the content of the gel-like paenibacillus in the mixture is 0.25 hundred million/g.
Comparative example 2: the mass ratio of the biological organic fertilizer 2 to the ammonium polyacrylate is 200.
(2) Test management
And observing the change of the soil state, and detecting the activity change of the functional bacteria and the soil fertility preservation.
(3) Test results
The soil conditions in treatments 1 to 4, controls 1 and 2, and comparative examples 1 and 2 were observed to obtain soil appearance maps for each treatment method on days 1 and 15 of culture, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, respectively.
As can be seen from figures 1-8, on the 1 st day of culture, when water is added to a saturated state, the biological organic fertilizer treatment (control 1 and control 2) is in a viscous state, obvious water stains can be seen, hardening occurs after 15 days of culture, water is almost evaporated and lost, and the soil is drier; and the composite biological organic fertilizer treatment (treatment 1-4) has less water loss, can lock water in the mixture, keeps the loose state, continues until day 15, does not harden, and keeps the soil in a wet state. Compared with the water retention effect of the treatment of the biological organic fertilizer, the treatment of the biological organic fertilizer and the water retention agent (comparative example 1 and comparative example 2) has improved water retention effect, but the treatment effect is not as obvious as that of the composite biological organic fertilizer. The composite bio-organic fertilizer prepared from the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent can play a remarkable role in loosening soil, ventilating and retaining water, the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are applied to the soil step by step, the water-retaining agent is less in dosage and difficult to be uniformly mixed with the bio-organic fertilizer, and the water-retaining function of the water-retaining agent is reduced.
The number of functional bacteria was measured in the soil of treatments 1 to 4, controls 1 and 2, and comparative examples 1 and 2, and the number of functional bacteria on day 1 and day 15 of culture was shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on the Activity of functional bacteria
Treatment of Bacterial strain Initial number of bacteria (hundred million/g) Culturing for 15 days
Process 1 Bacillus subtilis 0.5 0.49
Treatment 2 Bacillus subtilis 0.5 0.48
Control 1 Bacillus subtilis 0.5 0.45
Comparative example 1 Bacillus subtilis strain 0.5 0.46
Treatment 3 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 0.25 0.24
Treatment 4 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 0.25 0.22
Control 2 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 0.25 0.20
Comparative example 2 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 0.25 0.20
From table 1, it can be seen that the number of functional bacteria is in a descending trend after the bio-organic fertilizer (control 1 and control 2) is added into the soil, and the treatment of the composite bio-organic fertilizer prepared by adding the water-retaining agent can delay the descending amplitude, and the effect is more obvious than that of the stepwise application of the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent (comparative example 1 and comparative example 2), wherein the effect of the addition of 200. The functional bacteria needs proper humidity and oxygen for growth, the composite biological organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent are fully and uniformly mixed, the effects of loosening soil, enhancing air permeability and retaining water can be achieved after the composite biological organic fertilizer is applied to soil, and the composite biological organic fertilizer is suitable for propagation and growth of the functional bacteria, so that higher biological activity is kept.
The cation exchange amount test was performed on the 15 th day of the soil culture in the treatments 1 to 4, the controls 1 and 2, and the comparative examples 1 and 2, and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the cation exchange capacity of the soil
Treatment of Processing content Cation exchange capacity (cmol/kg)
Process 1 Composite biological organic fertilizer 1+ soil 27.2
Treatment 2 Composite biological organic fertilizer 2+ soil 25.1
Control 1 1+ soil of biological organic fertilizer 18.6
Comparative example 1 Biological organic fertilizer 1+ potassium polyacrylate + soil 19.9
Treatment 3 Composite biological organic fertilizer 3+ soil 26.9
Treatment 4 Composite biological organic fertilizer 4+ soil 26.2
Control 2 2+ soil of biological organic fertilizer 18.5
Comparative example 1 Biological organic fertilizer 2+ ammonium polyacrylate + soil 20.5
The size of the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) essentially represents the amount of nutrients that the soil may retain, i.e., the level of fertility preservation. It can be known from table 2 that, compared with the bio-organic fertilizer treatment (control 1 and control 2), the composite bio-organic fertilizer treatment (treatment 1 to treatment 4) obviously improves the soil cation exchange capacity and enhances the soil fertility preservation capability, and has an obvious effect compared with the step-by-step application (comparative example 1 and comparative example 2) of the bio-organic fertilizer and the water retaining agent, wherein the addition (treatment 1 and treatment 3) of the bio-organic fertilizer is more obvious in the effect of 200.
According to the comparative example and the embodiment, the composite biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention combines the biological organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent, can effectively prevent soil hardening, improves the growth environment of functional bacteria in the fertilizer, enables the functional bacteria to play a good role, improves the efficacy of the biological organic fertilizer, and has a good fertilizer-retaining effect.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and should be considered as within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The water-retaining agent is used as a composite bio-organic fertilizer raw material to improve the fertilizer-retaining capacity and/or the bio-fertilizer efficiency of the bio-organic fertilizer, and is a polyacrylate water-retaining agent.
2. The application of the composite bio-organic fertilizer added with the water-retaining agent of claim 1 in enhancing one or more of bio-fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer retention capacity and crop growth promotion of the bio-organic fertilizer;
the composite bio-organic fertilizer comprises a bio-organic fertilizer and a water-retaining agent, wherein the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the water-retaining agent is (100-500) to 1.
3. The use of claim 2, wherein the enhancing of the bio-fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer retention capacity of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises enhancing of the activity of the functional bacteria and/or enhancing of the fertilizer retention capacity of the hardened red soil.
4. The application of claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the bio-organic fertilizer to the water-retaining agent is (200-300): 1.
5. Use according to claim 2, wherein the water retaining agent comprises ammonium polyacrylate and/or potassium polyacrylate.
6. The use of claim 2, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises an organic carrier and functional bacteria; the functional bacteria comprise paenibacillus jelly and/or bacillus subtilis;
the preparation method of the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing the waste organic resources with a decomposing agent to obtain a mixed material; the C/N of the mixed material is (25-30): 1; the water content of the mixed material is 50-65%;
sequentially carrying out aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation on the mixed material to obtain an organic carrier;
mixing the organic carrier with the functional bacterial liquid to obtain a biological organic fertilizer; the functional bacterial liquid is obtained by sequentially carrying out strain activation, primary fermentation, secondary fermentation and tertiary fermentation on functional bacteria.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the organic carrier is obtained by fermenting and decomposing waste organic resources under the action of a decomposing agent; the mass ratio of the waste organic resources to the decomposing inoculant is (98-99.8) to (0.2-2.0).
8. The use of claim 7, wherein the waste organic resources comprise two or more of mushroom residue, tea residue, bean dregs, livestock manure, bran, rice bran, fruit residue, and seaweed residue.
9. The application of claim 1, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the compound bio-organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 0.20 hundred million/g.
10. The application of claim 1, the preparation method of the compound bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: and mixing the bio-organic fertilizer and the water-retaining agent to obtain the composite bio-organic fertilizer.
CN202211127193.8A 2020-11-18 2020-11-26 Application of water-retaining agent and application of composite bio-organic fertilizer with water-retaining function Pending CN115322056A (en)

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