CN103058729A - Special seedling-raising medium for leaf vegetables - Google Patents
Special seedling-raising medium for leaf vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN103058729A CN103058729A CN2012104004021A CN201210400402A CN103058729A CN 103058729 A CN103058729 A CN 103058729A CN 2012104004021 A CN2012104004021 A CN 2012104004021A CN 201210400402 A CN201210400402 A CN 201210400402A CN 103058729 A CN103058729 A CN 103058729A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a special seedling-raising medium for leaf vegetables, belonging to the technical field of soilless culture. The medium comprises vinegar residue, manioc waste and other organic wastes, as well as vermiculite, grass carbon, plant ash and perlite. The formula of the medium comprises the following components in volume ratio: 25-35 parts of vinegar residue, 5-10 parts of manioc waste, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 15-20 parts of vermiculite, 20-25 parts of grass carbon and 5-10 parts of perlite; and the medium has total nutrient content of 1-3%, free water content of 25-40%, total porosity of 65-85%, volume weight of 0.1-0.8g/m<3>, pH of 5.5-7.5, EC (electrical conductivity) value of 0.5-2.0mS/cm and dry base organic matter content of not less than 25%. The special seedling-raising medium disclosed by the invention mainly takes the vinegar residue, the manioc waste and other organic wastes as raw materials, and high-temperature fermentation treatment is performed for producing the soilless culture medium, so that the wastes are changed into valuables and harmful things are further turned to beneficial things. The special seedling-raising medium has the advantages of low cost, light texture and complete nutrition, is very suitable for raising seedlings of the leaf vegetables, and becomes a good seedling-raising medium for soilless culture of horticultural crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of farm crop soilless culture seedling medium, particularly relate to the special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of leaf vegetables, belong to the cultivation technique without soil field
Background technology
Soilless culture refers to without natural soil to carry out with matrix etc. be mainly used in the method for arable farming in the cultivation of gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock, is that a water-saving is economized fertile again saving of labor's high yield and high quality modern technique.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode of popularizing area maximum in the soilless culture.It is that root system with crop is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, supplies with crop alimentary liquid.The countries in the world great majority adopt fixedly matrix of the conducts such as gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust at present.
Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the enterprise that specializes in matrix production also arises at the historic moment, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, present gradually sectionalization, the development trend of customizations, present topmost matrix species is divided into two kinds of seedling medium and cultivation matrixes, seedling medium is divided into again the special-purpose seedling medium of vegetables, the special-purpose seedling medium of melon and fruit, raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate and the flower plants and nursery stock special use segmentation such as (cuttage) matrix type of growing seedlings, seedling medium is the dedicated substrate according to needed nutrition and the physico chemical factor preparation of rooting as vegetative organ, at present, the nutritious soil of most widely used soilless culture seedling medium in the horticultural production, vermiculite, perlite, peat and water etc., and nutritious, taking root property is good, the special-purpose seedling medium of the leaf vegetables that surviving rate is high has not yet to see open report.
Acid-sludge is the tankage of vinegar processed enterprise, account for greatly the 70-80% of vinegar raw material processed, that it is the residue that is filtered behind vinegar fermentation processed by raw materials such as glutinous rice, wheat bran, rice chaffs, nutrition is also abundanter, owing to containing more organic acid and microorganism in the bright acid-sludge, anti-depositing is stored for a long time perishable not rotten, contaminate environment; Add that its fibre content is many, energy efficiency is low, and the EC value is high, and quantity is large, and tart flavour is dense, becomes the organic waste that vinegar processed enterprise is difficult to digestion process.Permanent suitable vinegar already is of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu vinegar processed enterprise, and annual production reaches 180,000 tons, and the quantum of output of acid-sludge is just above 100,000 tons.Chinese patent CN 1394469A discloses the patent application scheme of the Li Ping of Jiangsu University duckweed " take the vinegar grain as the raw material production botanical seedling culturing and matrix and the manufacture method of cultivation usefulness ", and the vinegar grain raw material that specifically discloses with water content about 70% adds effective microbe, chicken manure and flyash, stir laggard windrow system fermentation, and cover water-proof heat-insulation material.Chinese patent CN 101811911A discloses the patent application scheme that Zhenjiang permanent glad fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. leaf has big grade " a kind of utilize greening that the vinegar grain produces with matrix and production technique thereof "; and specifically disclose take vinegar grain, plant ash as raw material; by fermentation; add again the perlite of 6-8% vermiculite, 10-15, the mushroom slag of 15-20% carries out Secondary Fermentation; obtain organic content and be not less than 50%, EC value 1-3, pH5.5-6.5; ventilative space 25%, the particle matrix in water holding space 50%.Document retrieval is found, the domestic relevant report that there is not yet of the melon special-purpose seedling medium take fermentation of vinegar residue as main raw material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical scheme of the special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of leaf vegetables take organic wastes such as fermentation of vinegar residue, manioc wastes as main raw material is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of leaf vegetables, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium is mixed by organic waste and plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite.
Described organic waste comprises acid-sludge, manioc waste, agricultural crop straw powder, animal dung, mushroom slag, wood chip.
Described seedling medium moiety is by volume calculated, and its formula rate is: vinegar grain 25-35, manioc waste 5-10, plant ash 10-15, vermiculite 15-20, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-25, perlite 5-10.
Described seedling medium total nutrient content 1-3%, free water content 25-40%, total porosity 65-85%, unit weight 0.1-0.8 g/m
3, pH is 5.5-7.5, the EC value is 0.5-2.0mS/cm, butt organic content 〉=25%.
Described vinegar grain, manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation; Described fermentative processing is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation vinegar grain, manioc waste to be carried out decomposition reactor system to process; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
Described total nutrient is N+P
2O
5+ K
2O.
In the described seedling medium component, the volume ratio of preferably filling a prescription is the vinegar grain: manioc waste: plant ash: vermiculite: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=30:10:15:20:20:5.
In the described seedling medium component, another kind of preferred prescription volume ratio is the vinegar grain: manioc waste: plant ash: vermiculite: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=35:5:10:20:25:5.
The preferred physicochemical character index of described seedling medium is: total nutrient content 2%, water content (free-water) 30%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.5 g/m
3, pH is that 6.5, EC value is 1.5mS/cm, organic (butt) content 〉=25%.
The described fermentative processing composting time is 120-180 days.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is directed to the high characteristics of vinegar grain organic acid content, use the higher plant ash of alkalescence to be auxiliary material, not only can reduce the potential of hydrogen of matrix, and the plant ash potassium content is higher, also have abundant trace element, be well suited for the growth of leaf vegetables crop seedling.
2, vinegar grain, manioc waste, stalk, wood chip and mushroom slag etc. are the industrial or agricultural organic wastes, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of soilless culture substrate, can environmental contamination reduction, and turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
3, the special-purpose seedling medium of the leaf vegetables of the present invention's production having loose breathing freely, and the advantages such as preserve moisture and fertility can be widely used in growing seedlings of the leaf vegetables crops such as green vegetables, purple green vegetables, all kinds of romaine lettuce.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand this embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention and is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of leaf vegetables, this seedling medium is mixed by a certain percentage by the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste, agricultural crop straw powder, animal dung, mushroom slag, wood chip and plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite.
In this seedling medium component, calculate according to volume ratio, its ratio is: the vinegar grain
︰Manioc waste
︰Plant ash
︰Vermiculite
︰The peat composed of rotten mosses is precious
︰Zhu Yan=30
︰10
︰15
︰20
︰20
︰5.
This seedling medium N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content is 2%, free water content 30%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.5 g/m
3, pH is that 6.5, EC value is 1.5mS/cm, butt organic content 〉=25%.
The organic wastes such as the vinegar grain in this seedling medium, manioc waste are with the high temperature quick rotting agent it to be carried out the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed that fermentation maturity is processed, and the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 120 days; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg.
Embodiment 2:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of leaf vegetables, this seedling medium is mixed by a certain percentage by the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste, agricultural crop straw powder, animal dung, mushroom slag, wood chip and plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite.
In this seedling medium component, calculate according to volume ratio, its ratio is: the vinegar grain
︰Manioc waste
︰Plant ash
︰Vermiculite
︰The peat composed of rotten mosses is precious
︰Zhu Yan=35
︰5
︰10
︰20
︰25
︰5.
This seedling medium N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content is 1%, free water content 25%, total porosity 65%, unit weight 0.1 g/m
3, pH is that 5.5, EC value is 0.5mS/cm, butt organic content 25%.
The organic wastes such as the vinegar grain in this seedling medium, manioc waste are with Japanese EM preparation it to be carried out the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed that fermentation maturity is processed, and the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 180 days; The consumption of described EM preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1kg.
Embodiment 3:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of leaf vegetables, this seedling medium is mixed by a certain percentage by the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste, agricultural crop straw powder, animal dung, mushroom slag, wood chip and plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite.
In this seedling medium component, calculate according to volume ratio, its ratio is: the vinegar grain
︰Manioc waste
︰Plant ash
︰Vermiculite
︰The peat composed of rotten mosses is precious
︰Zhu Yan=25
︰10
︰15
︰15
︰25
︰10.
This seedling medium N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content is 3%, free water content 40%, total porosity 85%, unit weight 0.8 g/m
3, pH is that 7.5, EC value is 2.0mS/cm, butt organic content 31%.
The organic wastes such as the vinegar grain in this seedling medium, manioc waste are with the high temperature quick rotting agent it to be carried out the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed that fermentation maturity is processed, and the composting time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 180 days; Described high temperature quick rotting agent consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15kg.
Embodiment 4:
The special-purpose seedling medium of a kind of leaf vegetables, this seedling medium is mixed by a certain percentage by the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste, agricultural crop straw powder, animal dung, mushroom slag, wood chip and plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite.
In this seedling medium component, calculate according to volume ratio, its ratio is: the vinegar grain
︰Manioc waste
︰Plant ash
︰Vermiculite
︰The peat composed of rotten mosses is precious
︰Zhu Yan=35
︰5
︰10
︰20
︰25
︰5.
This seedling medium N+P
2O
5+ K
2O total nutrient content is 2%, free water content 25%, total porosity 70%, unit weight 0.6 g/m
3, pH is that 6.0, EC value is 1.3mS/cm, butt organic content 35%.
The organic wastes such as the vinegar grain in this seedling medium, manioc waste are with Japanese EM preparation it to be carried out the thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed that fermentation maturity is processed, and the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 120 days; The consumption of described EM preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 2kg.
Different seedling medium simultaneous tests:
The special-purpose seedling medium of the leaf vegetables of embodiment 1 preparation can be used for growing seedlings of the leaf vegetables crops such as green vegetables, purple green vegetables, all kinds of romaine lettuce, with the seedling medium of the present invention preparation with market on other 3 kinds of seedling mediums (ck1, ck2, ck3) of buying jointly be used for romaine lettuce and grow seedlings, its simultaneous test effect is as follows:
Test kind: cream romaine lettuce;
The seeding and growing seedling phase: on March 15th, 2012
Method for culturing seedlings: hole plate seedling growth.Can adopt plastics cave dish or the foam cave dish in 128 holes or 288 holes to grow seedlings.
Rearing condition: glasshouse, envrionment temperature: 22-26 ℃ of daytime, 14-18 ℃ of night.The steps such as seed treatment, vernalization, sowing, seedling management require operation according to growing seedlings among the DB3211/T157-2011 " romaine lettuce organic mass cultivation technical regulation ".
[0039] the romaine lettuce seedling morphological index of different seedling mediums cultivations sees Table 1:
Table 1: the romaine lettuce seedling morphological index that different seedling mediums are cultivated
Table 1 can find out, the seedling medium that the embodiment of the invention 1 is prepared, and most of indexs are all a little more than the contrast seedling medium, and test shows, and the special-purpose seedling medium of the leaf vegetables of the embodiment of the invention 1 preparation has good result of use.
Claims (10)
1. the special-purpose seedling medium of a leaf vegetables, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium is mixed by organic waste and plant ash, vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite.
2. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described organic waste comprises acid-sludge, manioc waste, agricultural crop straw powder, animal dung, mushroom slag, wood chip.
3. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium moiety is by volume calculated, and its formula rate is: vinegar grain 25-35, manioc waste 5-10, plant ash 10-15, vermiculite 15-20, peat composed of rotten mosses 20-25, perlite 5-10.
4. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of leaf vegetables according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described seedling medium total nutrient content 1-3%, free water content 25-40%, total porosity 65-85%, unit weight 0.1-0.8 g/m
3, pH is 5.5-7.5, the EC value is 0.5-2.0mS/cm, butt organic content 〉=25%.
5. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vinegar grain, manioc waste are the things that becomes thoroughly decomposed of processing by fermentation; Described fermentative processing is with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation vinegar grain, manioc waste to be carried out decomposition reactor system to process; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 100m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 15-20kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
According to claim 1 with the special-purpose seedling mediums of 4 described a kind of leaf vegetabless, it is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2O
5+ K
2O.
7. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described seedling medium component, according to volume calculation, its ratio is: the vinegar grain
︰Manioc waste
︰Plant ash
︰Vermiculite
︰The peat composed of rotten mosses is precious
︰Zhu Yan=30
︰10
︰15
︰20
︰20
︰5.
8. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described seedling medium component, according to volume calculation, its ratio is: the vinegar grain
︰The manioc waste grass
︰Wood ash
︰Vermiculite
︰The peat composed of rotten mosses
︰Perlite=35
︰5
︰10
︰20
︰25
︰5.
9. the special-purpose seedling medium of described a kind of leaf vegetables according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described seedling medium total nutrient content 2%, free water content 30%, total porosity 75%, unit weight 0.5 g/m
3, pH is that 6.5, EC value is 1.5mS/cm, butt organic content 〉=25%.
10. described a kind of melon special-purpose seedling medium according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the described fermentative processing composting time is 120-180 days.
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