CN103704106B - A kind of vinegar residue biological active substrate for pepper seedling raising cultivation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of vinegar residue biological active substrate for pepper seedling raising cultivation and preparation method thereof, belong to field of plant cultivation.This vinegar residue biological active substrate formula comprises mixed substrate and NEB-F fungi, and described mixed substrate carries out mixture by the peat composed of rotten mosses, vinegar grain and vermiculite by the volume of 1 ~ 3:1 ~ 3:2 to obtain, and this formula is applicable to pepper seedling raising and cultivation.The present invention reduces the consumption of the non-renewable resources peat composed of rotten mosses in growing nursery and culture matrix, and facilitate the eco-utilization of vinegar grain, reach the object reducing environmental pollution and damage by disease and insect propagation, because drawing materials in ground, not only significantly reduce the production cost of cultivation matrix, improve yield of hot pepper and quality, and applying of organic ecological soilless culture technology can be accelerated.

Description

A kind of bioactive substrate of vinegar grains for pepper seedling cultivation and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable seedling raising and cultivation, and in particular relates to a formula of vinegar lees bioactive matrix used for pepper seedling raising and cultivation.

Background technique

With the rapid development of protected horticulture, soilless culture technology and plug seedling technology are being popularized and applied on a large scale, which promotes the research, development and application of organic solid substrates. In my country, peat, vermiculite, perlite and other light matrix materials are generally used to make the seedling substrate. With the promotion of plug seedling technology, the demand for peat is increasing; peat comes from swamps and is non-renewable. Resources, over-exploitation will destroy the ecological balance. Therefore, the research and development of peat substitute substrates, which are widely sourced, cheap and convenient for large-scale commercial production, has become a hot spot in this field.

Zhenjiang, Jiangsu is the hometown of the famous "balsamic vinegar" and "rice vinegar". Therefore, a large amount of waste vinegar lees is produced every year, which puts great pressure on the ecological environment. In recent years, the use of vinegar grains to ferment and synthesize vegetable organic seedlings and cultivation substrates has also achieved good application results. However, due to the shortcomings of pure vinegar grains substrates such as coarse particles and large ventilation pores, 2 to 3 kinds of substrates should be selected for use. Matching, adjusting its physical and chemical properties to meet the needs of crop growth.

Studies have shown that adding PGPR to the substrate can improve the disease resistance of vegetable crops, promote plant growth and increase crop yield. In order to meet the requirements for multiple functions of organic substrates in pepper soilless cultivation and plug seedling cultivation, it is necessary to further develop bioactive substrates. The usual practice is to inoculate the finished substrate with bioactive plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria ( plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR). Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), also known as vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VA), is one of the most common endophytic mycorrhizae, and it is a kind of mycorrhizal in PGPR, which is widely distributed in nature. Most of the current research on PGPR is about the effect of adding Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn. However, the mechanism by which PGPR promotes plant growth has not been fully understood. At present, there are few reports about adding VA fungi to the organic substrate of soilless culture to improve its application effect.

Pepper is one of the vegetables with a large planting area in our country, and most of the pepper production is based on seedling cultivation and transplanting. Although there are already some seedling-raising substrate formulas using peat and vermiculite as raw materials in China, due to the lack of systematic research on the addition of various components in these pepper seedling-raising substrates, there is no uniform regulation between the components, and it is impossible to Satisfy the nutritional needs of peppers. At the same time, there are many reports on the screening and application of PGPR. A large number of documents have proved that PGPR has a significant and stable effect on plant growth and has a strong application potential in agricultural production. However, these studies focus on Application of PGPR in the development of bio-organic fertilizers, biological agents, etc., and the use of PGPR to improve the properties of organic substrates and improve its application effect are rare.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the gaps in the above fields, and provides a new bioactive substrate of vinegar grains for pepper seedling cultivation. Compared with conventional pepper seedling cultivation substrates, vinegar grains are used instead of peat, which reduces the amount of non-renewable resource peat in the seedling cultivation substrate. It also promotes the ecological utilization of vinegar residues, achieves the purpose of reducing environmental pollution and the spread of diseases and insect pests, uses local materials, significantly reduces the production cost of cultivation substrates, and improves the yield and quality of peppers.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following manner:

A biologically active matrix of vinegar grains for pepper seedling cultivation and cultivation, comprising a mixed matrix and NEB-F fungus, the mixed matrix is composed of peat, vinegar grains and vermiculite in a volume of 1-3:1-3:2 It is obtained by mixing, preferably according to the volume of 1:3:2.

The basic physical and chemical properties of the mixed matrix are: bulk density 0.1～0.26g·cm ^-3 ; total porosity 54%～96%; water-air ratio 1:1.5～1:4; nitrogen 12.83～18.75g·kg ^-1 ; phosphorus 2.33～5.03g·kg ^-1 ; Potassium 12.07～17.26g·kg ^-1 ; pH6.26～7.0; EC1.16～1.65mS·cm ^-1 . The basic physical and chemical properties of the preferred compound matrix are: bulk density 0.18g·cm ^-3 ; total porosity 63.4%; water-air ratio 1.53; nitrogen 17.75g·kg ^-1 ; phosphorus 3.46g·kg ^-1 ; potassium 17.26g·kg ^{- 1} ; pH 6.26; EC 1.65 mS·cm ^-1 .

The biologically active matrix of vinegar grains used in the cultivation of pepper seedlings is: add 0.03-0.09% VA fungus NEB-F fungal liquid of 60-90L per cubic meter of mixed matrix, preferably add 0.03% of 75L per cubic meter of mixed matrix VA fungi NEB-F fungal liquid. The seedling raising can be plug seedling raising.

The biologically active matrix of vinegar grains used in pepper cultivation is: add 2.4-3.6L 0.03-0.09% NEB-F fungal liquid to each cubic mixed matrix. It is preferable to add 3L of 0.03% NEB-F fungal liquid to each cubic compounding matrix. The pepper cultivation can be seedling colonization.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned vinegar grains biologically active matrix used for pepper seedling cultivation and cultivation is to first mix peat, vinegar grains and vermiculite according to the volume of 1-3:1-3:2, and pour 60 per cubic meter of mixed matrix. ～90L of 0.03-0.09% VA fungus NEB-F fungal liquid, mixed thoroughly, used for pepper seedling cultivation; after planting, add 2.4～3.6L of 0.03-0.09% NEB-F per cubic mixed matrix Fungal liquid.

Preferably, the preparation method of the above-mentioned vinegar grains bioactive substrate for pepper seedling cultivation and cultivation is to first mix peat, vinegar grains and vermiculite in a volume of 1:3:2, and use deionized water and commercially available 100% The fungal stock solution of NEB-F bacteria solution is 0.03% VA fungus NEB-F fungus solution by volume ratio, pour 75L of 0.03% VA fungus NEB-F fungus solution per cubic meter of mixed matrix, mix well, and use Cultivate seedlings in pepper plugs; after planting, the biologically active substrate for cultivation is to add 3L of 0.03% NEB-F fungal liquid per cubic mixed substrate.

The mechanism of the present invention is that: with the popularization of plug seedling raising technology, the demand for traditional substrates such as peat continues to increase, but most of the peat in my country is concentrated in the northeast, and the transportation cost is too high when used in the south. At the same time, peat is a non-renewable resource. Mining will destroy the ecological balance, and the mining volume and product quality have declined in recent years. As an industrial waste, vinegar grains have the advantages of low price, convenient materials, and rich nutrition, and contain a lot of cellulose and protein. By adjusting the pH value and adding microbial agents, they can form physical and chemical properties after fermentation. A cultivation medium suitable for plant growth. The use of vinegar residues to replace peat is beneficial to save peat resources, reduce environmental pollution and damage, and reduce the cost of pepper planting for farmers.

At present, the more accepted viewpoints on the mechanism of PGPR promoting plant growth are: production of plant hormones, such as auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin; non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation; solubilization of inorganic phosphate and absorption of organic phosphate or other nutrients Mineralization; antagonism of pathogenic microorganisms, production of siderophiles, synthesis of antibiotics, enzymes or fungicidal compounds and competition for nutrients with harmful microorganisms.

The present invention proves through a lot of creative work that the addition of VA fungi NEB-F to the matrix can promote the transformation of the pepper rhizosphere microbial flora from the "fungus type" with low fertility to the "bacteria type" with high fertility, and improve the microbial diversity and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere. activity, helps to maintain the stability and harmony of the capsicum rhizosphere ecosystem, promotes the transformation and absorption of effective nutrients by capsicum, thereby promoting the growth of capsicum seedlings and increasing the yield. Therefore, adding VA fungus NEB-F to the substrate is an effective way to improve the application effect of organic substrates.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

1. The present invention is a kind of vinegar grain bioactive matrix formula that is used for capsicum seedling raising and cultivation, adopts industrial waste vinegar grain to replace peat crop matrix raw material, reduces the consumption of non-renewable resource peat in the seedling cultivation matrix, and promotes vinegar The ecological utilization of waste can reduce environmental pollution and the spread of diseases and insect pests. Using local materials can not only significantly reduce the production cost of cultivation substrates, improve the yield and quality of peppers, but also accelerate the popularization and application of organic ecological soilless cultivation techniques.

2. The VA fungus NEB-F was added to the mixed matrix of vinegar grains, which promoted the growth of pepper seedlings and increased the yield of pepper. The seedling index and pepper fruit yield after planting are better than the existing conventional seedling raising substrate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the bioactive substrate of vinegar grains of the present invention on the yield of pepper seedlings after colonization.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.

Example 1.

T1: Make peat, vinegar grains, vermiculite and other matrix materials according to the volume ratio to form peat: vinegar grains: vermiculite = 1:3:2, the basic physical and chemical properties of the mixed matrix are: bulk density 0.18g cm ^-3 ; Total porosity 63.4%; water-air ratio 1.53; nitrogen 17.75g·kg ^-1 ; phosphorus 3.46g·kg ^-1 ; potassium 17.26g·kg ^-1 ; pH 6.26; EC 1.65mS·cm ^-1 . Irrigate 75L of 0.03% VA fungus NEB-F per cubic meter of mixed substrate to obtain the vinegar grain bioactive substrate for pepper seedling cultivation of the present invention.

After the capsicum is planted, add 0.03% NEB-F fungus liquid 3L per cubic meter of the mixed matrix to obtain the bioactive matrix of vinegar grains for capsicum cultivation of the present invention.

Experimental example 2.

T2: Make peat, vinegar grains, vermiculite and other matrix materials according to the volume ratio into peat: vinegar grains: vermiculite = 1:3:2, the basic physical and chemical properties of the mixed matrix are: bulk density 0.18g cm ^-3 ; Total porosity 63.4%; water-air ratio 1.53; nitrogen 17.75g·kg ^-1 ; phosphorus 3.46g·kg ^-1 ; potassium 17.26g·kg ^-1 ; pH 6.26; EC 1.65mS·cm ^-1 . Irrigate 75L of 0.06% VA fungus NEB-F per cubic meter of the mixed substrate to obtain the vinegar grain bioactive substrate for pepper seedling cultivation. After peppers are planted, add 3L of 0.06% NEB-F fungal liquid to each cubic meter of mixed substrate to obtain the bioactive substrate of vinegar grains for pepper cultivation.

Experimental example 3.

T3: Mix peat, vinegar grains, vermiculite and other matrix materials according to the volume ratio to form peat: vinegar grains: vermiculite = 1:3:2, and the basic physical and chemical properties of the mixed matrix are: bulk density 0.18g cm ^-3 ; Total porosity 63.4%; water-air ratio 1.53; nitrogen 17.75g·kg ^-1 ; phosphorus 3.46g·kg ^-1 ; potassium 17.26g·kg ^-1 ; pH 6.26; EC 1.65mS·cm ^-1 . By pouring 75L of 0.09% VA fungus NEB-F per cubic meter of mixed substrate, the vinegar residue bioactive substrate for pepper seedling cultivation can be obtained. After the peppers are planted, add 3L of 0.09% NEB-F fungal liquid to the mixed substrate per cubic meter to obtain the bioactive substrate of vinegar grains for pepper cultivation.

The following experiment is carried out on the bioactive matrix of vinegar grains prepared by the above-mentioned embodiment method, and the experimental method and results are as follows:

Test material

(1) The tested pepper variety: Sujiao No. 5, and the seeds were provided by the Vegetable Research Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

(2) Mixed substrate raw materials: vinegar grains, peat and vermiculite were provided by Zhenjiang Peilei Substrate Technology Development Co., Ltd.; NEB-F mycorrhizal fungus was purchased from NEB Company of the United States.

Test method: Soak and accelerate the germination of pepper seeds, select plump and uniformly germinated pepper seeds for sowing, use vinegar grains substrate (peat: vinegar grains: vermiculite = 1:3:2), and add per cubic meter of mixed matrix 75LNEB-F bacterial agent (0.03% ~ 0.09%) mixed vinegar grains bioactive substrate for seedling cultivation. The control seedlings are cultivated in a modern glass greenhouse at 18°C to 28°C. After the pepper seedlings grow to 8 true leaves and buds appear, they are planted in pots with 3 plants per pot. Vinegar grains substrate (peat: vinegar grains: vermiculite = 1:3:2) was used in the cultivation pot, and a mixture of 3LNEB-F bacterial agent (0.03%-0.09%) was added to the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings 5 days after planting Vinegar grains bioactive substrate for seedling cultivation.

Investigation method: After the seedlings grew to 8 true leaves and budding, they were planted, and the growth indicators were measured; on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 15th days after the peppers were planted, the rhizosphere matrix was measured. The number of microorganisms and enzyme activity; the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the pepper plants were measured on the 15th day of treatment; when the pepper fruits were ripe, they were harvested in time and the yield per plant was counted.

Result analysis

Table 1. Effect of vinegar grain bioactive matrix of the present invention on physiological growth of pepper seedlings

a and b represent a significant difference at the 0.05 level. The same below.

It can be seen from Table 1 that compared with the control substrate (peat: vermiculite = 2:1, irrigated with clear water without adding bacterial agents), T1, T2, and T3 substrates have no effect on the single leaf area, stem diameter and other aboveground growth of pepper seedlings. However, the T1, T2, and T3 seedling substrates all promoted the growth and development of the underground part of the pepper seedlings, which showed that the stems were thicker and the root dry weight increased, and the effect of cultivating strong seedlings was achieved. Seedling index is higher than CK consistent. Among them, the growth and development of pepper seedlings were greatly promoted by the T1 seedling substrate, and the seedling growth index increased by 81.25%, which reached a significant level of difference.

Table 2 The influence of the bioactive matrix of vinegar grains of the present invention on the chlorophyll content of pepper leaves

Chlorophyll is the material basis of photosynthesis, and photosynthesis is one of the main determinants of plant biological yield. Therefore, chlorophyll content is one of the important indicators to measure the robustness of pepper seedlings. It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with the control, T1, T2, and T3 seedling substrates all increased the chlorophyll a, b content and the total amount of chlorophyll in pepper leaves, but had little effect on chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b. Among them, the T3 seedling growth substrate has a greater promotion effect on the total chlorophyll of pepper leaves, which has increased by 124.67% compared with the control, reaching a significant level of difference.

In addition, it can be seen from Figure 1 that after the pepper seedlings cultured on the T1 substrate were planted, the fruit setting rate increased, which was an increase of 90.1% compared with the control; after the pepper seedlings cultured on the T2 and T3 substrates were colonized, the yield was also different. was higher than that of the control, indicating that adding VA mycorrhizae to the substrate can significantly increase the fruit yield of pepper seedlings.

Above-mentioned test is only for illustrating technical design and characteristics of the present invention, and main purpose is to announce a kind of vinegar residue bioactive substrate formula that is used for capsicum seedling raising and cultivation, so that those who are familiar with this technology can understand content of the present invention and further Implementation does not limit the protection scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the vinegar residue biological active substrate for capsicum, it comprises the vinegar residue biological active substrate for pepper seedling raising and the vinegar residue biological active substrate for pepper cultivation, it is characterized in that comprising mixed substrate and NEB-F fungi, this mixed substrate carries out mixture by the peat composed of rotten mosses, vinegar grain and vermiculite by the volume of 1:3:2 to obtain; Wherein, the vinegar residue biological active substrate that pepper seedling nursery is used is: every cubic metre of mixed substrate adds the NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of the 0.03-0.09% of 60 ~ 90L; Pepper cultivation vinegar residue biological active substrate used is: every cubic metre of mixed substrate adds the NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of 2.4 ~ 3.6L0.03-0.09%.

2. the vinegar residue biological active substrate for capsicum according to claim 1, is characterized in that pepper seedling nursery vinegar residue biological active substrate used is: every cubic metre of mixed substrate adds the VA fungi NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of 0.03% of 75L.

3. the vinegar residue biological active substrate for capsicum according to claim 1, is characterized in that seedling nursery is point disk seedling growing.

4. the vinegar residue biological active substrate for capsicum according to claim 1, is characterized in that pepper cultivation vinegar residue biological active substrate used is: every cube of mixed substrate adds the NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of 3L0.03%.

5. the vinegar residue biological active substrate for capsicum according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that described pepper cultivation is Seeding planting.

6. the preparation method for the vinegar residue biological active substrate of capsicum, it is characterized in that first the peat composed of rotten mosses, vinegar grain and vermiculite being carried out mixture by the volume of 1:3:2, the 0.03-0.09%VA fungi NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of every cubic metre of mixed substrate pouring 60 ~ 90L, after abundant mixing, for plug pepper seedling; After field planting, every cube of mixed substrate adds the NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of 2.4 ~ 3.6L0.03-0.09%.

7. the preparation method of the vinegar residue biological active substrate for capsicum according to claim 6, it is characterized in that first the peat composed of rotten mosses, vinegar grain and vermiculite being carried out mixture by the volume of 1:3:2, the 0.03%VA fungi NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of every cubic metre of mixed substrate pouring 75L, after abundant mixing, for plug pepper seedling; After field planting, every cube of mixed substrate adds the NEB-F fungi bacterium liquid of 3L0.03%.