CN112960995A - Method for producing organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of tailed vegetables, product and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for producing organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of tailed vegetables, product and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112960995A CN112960995A CN202110233225.1A CN202110233225A CN112960995A CN 112960995 A CN112960995 A CN 112960995A CN 202110233225 A CN202110233225 A CN 202110233225A CN 112960995 A CN112960995 A CN 112960995A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
- C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing an organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of brassica oleracea, a product and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 3, uniformly mixing, placing into an airflow membrane fermentation tank, covering with a Goll membrane, opening an aeration device, aerating at the bottom of the pile body, fermenting for 30 days, taking the end point close to one side of a fan as a point 0, taking a fermentation material 0-12m away from the fan (the total distance is 18 m), evaporating the water content of the organic fertilizer to below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not more than 50 ℃, and packaging and leaving the factory to obtain the finished organic fertilizer. According to the invention, no peculiar smell is generated by adopting airflow membrane fermentation, continuous high temperature is generated in the composting process, and the cooling period is started after 20 days.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and provides a method for producing an organic fertilizer by fermenting waste vegetables through an airflow membrane, and a product and application thereof.
Background
Aerobic high-temperature composting is the first step of organic fertilizer industry development and is also a decisive step, and the current composting process mainly comprises a strip-stack type aerobic composting process and a groove type aerobic composting process, wherein the strip-stack type aerobic composting process needs a large-area fermentation greenhouse (4000 m)2Ten thousand tons per year), the latter needs a fermentation greenhouse with a certain area, a fermentation cement tank, mechanical equipment for distributing materials, turning materials and the like, large fixed assets need to be invested, 10 ten thousand tons of common organic fertilizers produced every year need more than 4000 ten thousand yuan of fixed assets, and the odor problem of a composting yard cannot be solved by the two processes, so that the bottleneck for limiting the development of the composting industry is formed. Therefore, the development of a novel composting process becomes a core problem of the organic fertilizer industry. The core equipment of the airflow membrane high-temperature aerobic composting system is a composite membrane covered on an organic waste pile, wherein the membrane takes polytetrafluoroethylene as a raw material, is expanded and stretched to form a microporous membrane (e-PTFE membrane) as a core material, and is clamped between two layers of firm polyurethane substrate membranes (ultraviolet-proof and corrosion-resistant). The surface of the e-PTFE membrane is covered with fibril micropores with the diameter of 0.1-0.5 micron between the diameter of water vapor and that of rainwater (the molecular diameter of the water vapor is 0.0004 micron, and the diameter of the minimum light fog in the rainwater is 20 microns), and the water vapor in the composts is covered with airflowCan evaporate out (relying on high temperature and compost bottom blowing). However, it is necessary to study whether the aeration parameters of the air flow membrane compost and the fermentation effect of the raw materials at different positions away from the aeration point are consistent under a certain aeration rate, and a stable aeration process needs to be established.
With the annual increase of the vegetable yield in China, the yield of the tailed vegetables is also increased, the yield of the tailed vegetables per year in China is up to about 3 hundred million tons, the tailed vegetables are randomly dumped, buried, accumulated and the like, precious organic matters and nutrient resources are wasted, and the environment is greatly polluted, so that the resource utilization of the tailed vegetables is an important way for guaranteeing the sustainable development of agriculture and improving the quality of vegetable fields. Composting the tailed vegetables, namely firstly, easily-perishable organic matters in the tailed vegetables can be converted into organic fertilizers which are easily accepted by soil; secondly, the high-temperature fermentation in the composting process basically kills pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the tailed vegetables, and promotes the harmless utilization of the tailed vegetables.
Therefore, the method for treating the waste vegetables by utilizing the compost is the mode with the smallest influence on the environment and the best treatment effect in the current waste vegetable treatment mode. The traditional composting modes comprise strip-stack fermentation, turning-throwing fermentation and the like, all of the fermentation modes need certain fixed asset investment, the field requirement is large, the odor problem of a composting field cannot be solved, the composting efficiency is low, and the airflow membrane fermentation technology overcomes the defects of the traditional composting process, has the advantages of low composting cost, small odor-free field requirement of the composting field and the like, and in the airflow membrane fermentation process, a compost body is covered by using an air filtering membrane, the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen in the fermentation process is effectively reduced, the loss of nutrient components in the fertilizer is reduced, and the composting efficiency and the fertilizer quality can be improved. But aiming at the high-water content waste vegetable raw material, the process for producing the organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of the adaptive waste vegetable compatible auxiliary material and the product thereof are developed, and become a necessary means for recycling the waste vegetable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process for producing an organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of a compatibility auxiliary material of Chinese cabbage, and a product and application thereof, aiming at actual problems and requirements in production practice.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for producing organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of tailed vegetables comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials: mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residues and the mushrooms serving as raw materials, and then feeding the mixture into a fermentation area with a cement retaining wall, wherein the whole fermentation area is in a strip stack shape;
(2) covering a Gole film outside the strip pile, arranging a fan at one end of the strip pile, fermenting in an airflow film composting manner, wherein the pile is not turned in the connecting fermentation process, aerating at the bottom, cooling the pile body after 20 days of composting, and keeping the pile temperature above 50 ℃ for more than 20 days in the whole composting process;
(3) taking the fermented material which is 0-12m away from the fan after the fermentation is finished as the organic fertilizer.
As a preferred choice of the invention, the whole fermentation process does not turn over the stack, and the ventilation pipeline laid at the bottom of the strip stack is communicated with the fan to aerate the bottom of the strip stack.
As a preferable mode of the invention, a fan with the power of 3.7kW and the aeration rate of 80000L/min is adopted, and the aeration frequency is automatically adjusted according to the temperature.
Preferably, the potherb mustard, the vinegar residue and the mushroom are mixed according to the proportion of C/N28-30:1, and the initial water content is adjusted to 55-65%.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the bulk base is piled up to 18m in length, 5m in width and 1.9m in height.
As a preference of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residues according to the mixture ratio of C/N30: 1 of a pile body, adjusting the initial water content to 55-65%, mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residues, and then feeding the mixture into a fermentation area with a cement retaining wall, wherein the whole pile body is in a strip pile shape, and the length, width and height of the pile body base material are 18m, 5m and 1.9 m;
(2) aerobic fermentation: after the fermentation base materials are piled in a fermentation shed in a strip pile manner, covering a Goll film outside the strip pile, fermenting by adopting an airflow film composting mode, adopting a fan with the power of 3.7kW and the aeration rate of 80000L/min, automatically adjusting the aeration frequency according to the temperature, not turning the pile in the fermentation process, aerating at the bottom, cooling the pile body after 20 days of composting, and maintaining the pile temperature for more than 20 days at the temperature of more than 50 ℃ in the whole composting process;
(3) sampling: taking the end point close to one side of the fan as a point 0, and taking the fermented material at a position 0-12m away from the fan as the organic fertilizer.
As a further preference of the invention, the remaining fermentation material is used for preparing the seedling substrate.
The organic fertilizer prepared by the method is provided.
As a preferable selection of the invention, the organic fertilizer contains 29-32g/kg of total nitrogen and P of total phosphorus2O510-13g/kg and total potassium K2O 9-12g/kg。
The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention is applied to promoting field growth of vegetables and/or improving yield of the vegetables.
The site requirements of the airflow film composting of the invention comprise: constructing a waste mixture production place with the specification of being preferably 19 x 6m and capable of fermenting about 150 cubes at a time and taking the brassica campestris as one of the main raw materials; a cement seepage-proofing foundation with the thickness of 30cm is built on a compost reserved site, a concave cement retaining wall with the height of 1m and the thickness of 30cm is built around the cement seepage-proofing foundation, and the seepage-proofing foundation can effectively prevent water leakage generated in the fermentation process; laying 4 ventilation and drainage pipelines on the basis of seepage prevention, wherein the fermentation process belongs to aerobic fermentation and needs continuous oxygen supply, a small amount of sewage is generated in the fermentation process, a reservoir is built at one end of a fermentation tank, and the sewage flows into the reservoir through the drainage pipelines; before fermentation, a layer of wood chips or straws is laid at the bottom to ensure certain porosity, and then materials to be fermented are uniformly mixed and put into a fermentation tank (figure 9).
In one embodiment of the invention, the vegetable, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue are mixed according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 3, putting the mixture into an airflow membrane fermentation tank, covering a Goll membrane, opening aeration equipment, aerating the bottom of the pile body, taking the end point close to one side of a fan as a 0 point after fermenting for 30 days, taking the fermented material 3-12m away from the fan, evaporating the water content of the organic fertilizer to be below 30% under the condition that the temperature is not more than 50 ℃, and packaging and leaving the factory to obtain the finished organic fertilizer.
According to the invention, the fan with the power of 3.7kW and the aeration rate of 80000L/min is adopted, the airflow membrane is made of the textile fabric with the polyester fiber structure, peculiar smell is effectively controlled, water vapor and small molecular gas in the pile can normally pass through the airflow membrane, external rainwater cannot enter the airflow membrane, internal large molecular gas such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide cannot volatilize out through the airflow membrane, air pollution cannot be caused, and favorable conditions are created for waste fermentation. The nano airflow film is combined with biological fermentation to treat various agricultural and forestry wastes, and the airflow film made of nano molecules is used for covering the fermentation process, so that a real 'climate box' is created for composting materials and is not influenced by external climate. The aerobic composting fermentation process realizes the automatic control of oxygen supply through the automatic acquisition of instrument data. The balance of temperature, oxygen and humidity is ensured, the fermentation is more thorough and quicker, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the fermentation period is shortened.
The invention has the following effects: the air flow membrane fermentation membrane has special molecular filtration micropores, which means that dust, bacteria and smell can hardly pass through, so peculiar smell can not be generated, continuous high temperature can be generated in the composting process, so that the material can be thoroughly decomposed, most parasitic ova and plant diseases and insect pests can be killed, the safety of the thoroughly decomposed fertilizer is ensured, and researches show that the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is fermented by the air flow membrane fermentation process, and the air flow membrane fermentation membrane has a good effect of promoting the growth of facility kidney beans in field experiments.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the period is short, the fermentation amount per unit area is large, the airflow membrane fermentation technology can reach about 150 cubic meters in each feeding, the fermentation time reaches 20 days, and the cooling period is entered, while the traditional strip-stack fermentation and tank fermentation have great requirements on the field.
2. The requirement is low, the occupied area is small, the requirement on the field is low, and fermentation devices can be built on cement lands and fields.
3. The cost is low, the power consumption of each groove is low every day, the maintenance and operation cost is low, and the labor is less. The equipment is simple, and a large amount of subsequent maintenance investment is not needed. The service life is long, and is 8-10 years on average.
4. The temperature and humidity can be controlled, the optimal fermentation temperature of the zymophyte is about 60 ℃, and the intelligent control system of the PLC can supply air and adjust according to the internal temperature, the humidity and the oxygen content, so that the internal fermentation efficiency is optimal. According to the size of the supplied air, the temperature of the stack body rises to about 70 ℃ in the third to fourth days, the temperature is kept for about 12 to 14 days, then the temperature is slowly reduced, and when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the material is decomposed.
5. Isolated peculiar smell, the gaseous diffusion of peculiar smell can effectually be kept apart to nanometer molecular film, and little molecular gas (including hydrogen, oxygen, micromolecule gas such as vapor) can pass through the molecular film, and gas such as macromolecule (like ammonia, hydrogen sulfide) can't see through the molecular film, in fermentation process, touch the air current membrane on upper strata when vapor evaporation, will have one deck water smoke can be attached to at the internal surface of membrane, just in time dissolve in the liquid water of membrane internal surface when the peculiar smell gaseous diffusion that produces during the fermentation, return back to in the fertilizer heap when drippage. The ammonia gas and the hydrogen sulfide are products of anaerobic fermentation, the gas is generated a little under the condition of continuous oxygen supply fermentation, and finally, after the materials are completely decomposed, the delivered materials are completely and fully fermented, and only a light mildew taste is generated, but no pungent smell is generated.
6. The compost material mixture ratio is that the weight ratio of the tailed vegetable, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue is 1: 1: 3, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed materials is about 28:1-30:1, and when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high or too low, the growth of microorganisms is not facilitated, so that the initial C/N ratio is considered to be 25-30 or 30-35, which is more suitable for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in compost, and the proportion is selected in the invention; the water content of the stack is about 55-65%, the water in the fermentation product is not only a medium for the material exchange of the microorganism, but also the living environmental condition, the water content is too low, the requirement of the microorganism growth cannot be met, and the organic matter is difficult to decompose; if the water content is too high, the gap in the material pile is easy to be blocked, the oxygen content is reduced, the pile temperature is reduced, the decomposition speed is reduced, a smelly intermediate product is formed, the water content of the tailed vegetable is generally over 90 percent, and if the tailed vegetable is only used for composting fermentation, the success cannot be realized, so that the water content of the pile body can reach a proper range after the three materials are mixed according to the proportion, and the composting fermentation is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 side view of air flow film composting
FIG. 2 front view of air flow film compost
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature change of compost
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of pH of compost
FIG. 5 graph of EC value changes in compost
FIG. 6C/N ratio change of compost
FIG. 7 organic matter content change diagram in composting process
FIG. 8 germination index of compost at the end of composting
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram and practical diagram of a gas flow membrane fermentation system
Detailed Description
Example 1
Mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 3, the initial C/N is about 30:1, the initial water content is adjusted to 55-65%, the mixture is placed in a fermentation tank, a Goll film is covered, aeration equipment is opened, the bottom of the pile body is aerated, the pile is not turned over in the fermentation process, and the base material of the pile body is 18m long, 5m wide and 1.9m high. Sampling in the fermentation process: sampling at positions 1.5, 4.5, 9, 13.5 and 16.5m away from the fan respectively by taking the end point close to one side of the fan as a point 0, respectively marking as A, B, C, D, E points (figure 1), taking three samples (figure 2) at each point according to the height, uniformly mixing after sampling, measuring related properties and researching the fermentation effect.
1.1 temperature Change during composting
The temperature is an important index for reflecting the composting, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the temperature of the compost starts to rise rapidly after the composting process starts, reaches 52.1 ℃ on day 3, reaches 67 ℃ on day 5, and continues to reach more than 50 ℃ for more than 20 days, so that the materials are fully fermented.
1.2 change of pH value in composting
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the pH values at A, B, C, which are close to the aeration equipment, all rise from 6.98 to 7.70, from 6.98 to 7.71 and from 7.12 to 7.79, respectively, compared with the beginning of composting; the pH values of D, E at two locations away from the aeration device decrease from 7.26 to 6.97 and from 7.38 to 6.42, respectively.
1.3 change in EC values during composting
FIG. 5 shows the EC values at various positions in the composting process, which basically show the trend of small amplitude rise, small amplitude fall and stable trend, the EC values at various positions are increased slightly at the end of the composting process than at the beginning, the rising amplitude of the position E is the largest and is increased from 2.15ms/cm to 3.24ms/cm, and the EC value at the position is slightly higher than that at other positions.
1.4C/N ratio Change during composting
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the C/N ratio of the compost body always shows a decreasing trend in the composting process, and the C/N ratios of the A, B, C, D, E five positions are respectively decreased to 11.45, 10.8, 11.36, 13.23 and 11.24 by the end of the composting process, which respectively decreases the composting time by 60.02%, 64.03%, 59.69%, 53.51% and 59.33%.
1.5 organic matter content Change during composting
As can be seen from the figure, the organic matter content at each position in the composting process is reduced to a certain extent, wherein the organic matter content at the sampling point farthest from the fan is reduced by 11.2% to the maximum extent.
1.6 Germination Index (GI) of compost pile at the end of composting
The germination index GI of the seeds can effectively reflect the quality of compost products, small molecular organic acids, phenols and other toxic and harmful substances for inhibiting the germination of the seeds in the completely decomposed compost products are less, the plant seeds can germinate smoothly, and the germination index of the seeds of the incompletely decomposed compost products is lower. As can be seen from fig. 9, at the end of composting, the germination indexes of the decomposed fertilizer at each position were 102.8%, 89.3%, 98.0%, 82.4%, and 85.5%, respectively, and all reached 80% or more, indicating that the fertilizer was completely decomposed.
1.7 changes in the relative content of Total Nitrogen, Total phosphorus and Total Potassium during composting
As can be seen from Table 1, the nutrient content in each position is increased in the composting process, and the total nutrient content of the fertilizers in the positions A-E reaches 5.31%, 5.2%, 5.27%, 4.94% and 4.83% respectively at the end of composting.
TABLE 1 relative nutrient content change in composting (%)
Example 2
The method is characterized in that the field is directly returned to the field by the aid of the tail vegetables, the tail vegetables are subjected to organic fertilizer treatment and then returned to the field, influences of different fertilizers or the tail vegetables on field growth and yield of facility vegetables such as tomatoes and kidney beans are researched, and the decomposition effect of the fertilizers is judged.
The nutrient content of different fertilizers was:
the decomposed fertilizer of point A in example 1 contains total nitrogen (total nitrogen) 30.7g/kg and total phosphorus (P)2O5)11g/kg, total potassium (K)2O)11.4 g/kg
Decomposed fertilizer at point B in example 1, total nitrogen 31.6g/kg, total phosphorus (P)2O5)11.1g/kg, Total Potassium (K)2O)9.3g/kg
Decomposed fertilizer at point C in example 1, total nitrogen 29.7g/kg, total phosphorus (P)2O5)12g/kg, total potassium (K)2O)11g/kg
Decomposed fertilizer at point D in example 1, total nitrogen 26.7g/kg, total phosphorus (P)2O5)11.9g/kg, Total Potassium (K)2O)10.8g/kg
Decomposed fertilizer at point E in example 1, total nitrogen 27.9g/kg, total phosphorus (P)2O5)10.7g/kg, Total Potassium (K)2O)9.7g/kg
2.1 growth promoting effect of organic fertilizer on kidney bean
The kidney bean canopy sets up 5 and handles:
process 1 (CK): no fertilizer is applied;
treatment 2 (CF): applying a fertilizer, wherein urea, calcium superphosphate (P2O5) and potassium sulfate (K2O) are applied in an amount of 210g, 830g and 220g per cell, respectively;
treatment 3 (a): applying 6.8kg of the decomposed fertilizer at the point A in the example 1, and supplementing the rest of nutrients with chemical fertilizer to make the total nutrients equal to that of the treated fertilizer 2 (CF);
treatment 4 (B): applying 6.8kg of the decomposed fertilizer at the point B in the example 1, and supplementing the rest of nutrients with chemical fertilizer to make the total nutrients equal to that of the treated fertilizer 2 (CF);
treatment 5 (C): applying 6.8kg of decomposed fertilizer at the point C in the example 1, and supplementing the rest of nutrients with chemical fertilizer to make the total nutrients equal to that of the treatment 2 (CF);
treatment 6 (D): applying 6.8kg of the decomposed fertilizer at the point D in the example 1, and supplementing the rest of nutrients with chemical fertilizer to make the total nutrients equal to that of the treated fertilizer 2 (CF);
treatment 7 (E): applying 6.8kg of the decomposed fertilizer at the point E in example 1, and supplementing the rest of nutrients with chemical fertilizer to make the total nutrients equal to that of treatment 2 (CF);
treatment 8 (raw material): 6.8kg of unfermented tailed vegetable is directly used as fertilizer, and the rest nutrients are supplemented with chemical fertilizer, so that the total nutrients of the tailed vegetable are equal to that of the tailed vegetable treated by the treatment 2 (CF).
2.1.1 Effect of organic fertilizers on Kidney Bean yield
The influence of different treatments on the yield of kidney beans in field experiments is shown in Table 2, the treatment applying the fertilizer at the A point increases the yield by 1167kg per hectare compared with a blank Control (CK), and the yield is 33.15%; the yield is increased by 437kg compared with the raw material treatment per hectare, and the yield is increased by 10.28 percent; compared with chemical fertilizer treatment (CF), the yield of the fertilizer is increased by 83kg per hectare, and the yield is increased by 1.80 percent. Compared with a blank Control (CK), the treatment applying the fertilizer at the point B increases the yield by 1292kg per hectare and the yield is 36.70%; compared with the raw material treatment, the yield of each hectare is increased by 562kg, and the yield is increased by 13.22%; compared with chemical fertilizer treatment (CF), the yield of the fertilizer is increased by 208kg per hectare, and the yield is increased by 4.52 percent. Compared with a blank Control (CK), the treatment of applying the fertilizer at the C point increases 1396kg of fertilizer per hectare, and the yield is 39.66%; compared with the raw material treatment, the yield per hectare is increased by 479kg, and the yield is increased by 10.80 percent; compared with the fertilizer treatment (CF), the yield of the fertilizer is increased by 312kg per hectare, and the yield is increased by 6.78 percent. Therefore, the yield increasing effect of the fertilizer with A, B, C points on kidney beans is better than that of the fertilizer and other treatments, while the yield increasing effect of the fertilizer with D, E points on kidney beans is only better than that of blank treatments and raw material treatments, not better than that of the fertilizer, but better than that of the treatment with A, B, C points, so that the fermented material with A, B, C points is preferably used as the fertilizer.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on Kidney Bean yield in field experiments
Note: CK, no fertilization treatment; CF, chemical fertilizer treatment
And (4) conclusion: the organic fertilizer produced by the airflow film fermentation technology can achieve the effect of complete decomposition of the fertilizer, in the invention, 5 points which are different from a fan are used as sampling points, the difference among the points and the influence of the distance between the points and the fan on compost fermentation are researched, and the difference among the points is found to be small, but certain difference still exists in the aspect of specific application, wherein in the 5 sampling points, the nutrient content of decomposed fertilizer at A, B, C points which are closer to the fan exceeds 5 percent, the industrial standard of the organic fertilizer is achieved, and the field test also proves that the organic fertilizer has a good yield increasing effect on vegetables such as kidney beans, but the growth promoting effect at B, C points is more excellent, so that the fermented materials at B, C points are preferably used as the fertilizer. The decomposed fertilizers of the other two points can be used for preparing seedling culture substrates although the nutrient content is less than 5 percent. Therefore, the invention not only can solve the waste of the tail vegetables and reduce the influence on the environment, but also can form the fertilizer and prepare the material of the seedling substrate through airflow film composting.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing organic fertilizer by fermenting tail vegetables through airflow membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials: mixing the above materials, and building into a stack;
(2) covering a Gole film outside the strip pile, arranging a fan at one end of the strip pile, fermenting in an airflow film composting manner, wherein the pile is not turned in the connecting fermentation process, aerating at the bottom, cooling the pile body after 20 days of composting, and keeping the pile temperature above 50 ℃ for more than 20 days in the whole composting process;
(3) taking the fermented material which is 0-12m away from the fan after the fermentation is finished as the organic fertilizer.
2. The airflow membrane fermentation of claim 1, characterized in that the whole fermentation process is not turned over, and aeration is carried out at the bottom of the stack by communicating a ventilation duct laid at the bottom of the stack with a fan.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fan with a power of 3.7kW and an aeration rate of 80000L/min is used, and the aeration frequency is self-regulated according to the temperature.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kimchi, vinegar residue and mushroom are mixed in a ratio of C/N28-30:1, and the initial moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the bulk base is piled up to a length of 18m, a width of 5m and a height of 1.9 m.
6. The method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residues according to the mixture ratio of heap C/N28-30:1, adjusting the initial water content to 55-65%, mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residues, and allowing the mixture to enter a fermentation area with a cement retaining wall, wherein the whole heap is in a strip-shaped stack shape, and the heap base material is 18m long, 5m wide and 1.9m high;
(2) aerobic fermentation: after the fermented base materials are stacked in a fermentation area in a strip stack manner, covering a Goll film outside the strip stack, fermenting by adopting an airflow film composting mode, adopting a fan with the power of 3.7kW and the aeration rate of 80000L/min, automatically adjusting the aeration frequency according to the temperature, not turning the stack in the fermentation process, aerating at the bottom, cooling the stack body after 20 days of composting, and maintaining the stack temperature for more than 20 days at more than 50 ℃ in the whole composting process;
(3) sampling: taking the end point close to one side of the fan as a point 0, and taking the fermentation materials at the positions 0-12m away from the fan as organic fertilizers.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the remaining fermentation material is used for preparing a seedling substrate.
8. An organic fertilizer produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. The organic fertilizer of claim 8, characterized in that the organic fertilizer contains 29-32g/kg of total nitrogen and P of total phosphorus2O510-13g/kg and total potassium K2O 9-12g/kg。
10. Use of the organic fertilizer of claim 8 for promoting field growth and/or increasing yield of vegetables.
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