CN112430168A - Method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge - Google Patents
Method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN112430168A CN112430168A CN202011388144.0A CN202011388144A CN112430168A CN 112430168 A CN112430168 A CN 112430168A CN 202011388144 A CN202011388144 A CN 202011388144A CN 112430168 A CN112430168 A CN 112430168A
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- pond sludge
- aerobic composting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost treatment, and particularly relates to a method for performing aerobic composting by using pond sludge, which comprises the following steps that a mixture comprising pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues is adopted as a composting raw material, the mixture is placed in a room-temperature environment with the initial water content of 40-55% for natural fermentation, the mixture is fermented to the high temperature of 50-65 ℃ for one time and the temperature is maintained, the compost is turned over irregularly, the water is supplemented to 40-55%, the temperature is continuously raised for secondary fermentation, compost maturity can be completed within 25-30 days, a compost sample is taken for germination index determination, and the germination index can exceed 80%, and the method is shown to realize more thorough decomposition of the pond sludge. The silkworm excrement rich in microorganisms and the mushroom residue rich in organic matters are added as a conditioner, so that aerobic composting and decomposition of pond sludge are realized, and the fertilizer application of the pond sludge is realized. The pond sludge is changed into valuable, and the adopted pond sludge can not only supply various nutrients to crops, but also thicken a plough layer, improve the physical properties of soil and improve the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost treatment, and particularly relates to a method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge.
Background
Composting generally refers to composting, and refers to a biochemical process that utilizes microorganisms that are widely present in nature to controllably promote the conversion of degradable organic matter in solid waste into stable humus. The compost is a process for producing organic fertilizer, the nutrient substances contained in the compost are rich, the fertilizer effect is long and stable, the formation of a soil solid particle structure is facilitated, the water retention, heat preservation, air permeability and fertilizer retention capability of the soil can be improved, and the compost can be mixed with the chemical fertilizer to make up the defects that the nutrient contained in the chemical fertilizer is single, the soil is hardened by single use of the chemical fertilizer for a long time, and the water retention and fertilizer retention performance is reduced.
In the prior art, various organic wastes are mainly used as raw materials of compost, including some agricultural wastes such as vegetable leaves and straws, and other organic raw materials also include weeds, leaves, organic domestic garbage and the like. The traditional aerobic composting technology has the problems of longer period, serious nutrient loss, odor, greenhouse gas emission and the like,
the pond sludge is a mixture of fish manure, residual feed and pond bottom sludge, the pond sludge is in anaerobic condition at the bottom of the water for a long time, the nutrient decomposition degree is poor, and the pond sludge cannot be directly used as an organic fertilizer due to the problems of water eutrophication and the like, and can be used as the organic fertilizer after being fully decomposed through aerobic composting or anaerobic composting, so that the harm to crops is avoided. Therefore, ecological regulation and control of pond water quality, harmless treatment and fertilizer comprehensive utilization of pond sediment become important measures for regulating and controlling pond culture environment and are necessary requirements for sustainable development of pond culture.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for performing aerobic composting by using pond sludge, and in order to solve the problem of rapid aerobic composting of the pond sludge, the invention realizes aerobic composting decomposition of the pond sludge and fertilizer application of the pond sludge in a compounding manner.
The technical content of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge, which comprises the following steps that a mixture comprising pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues is adopted as a composting raw material, the mixture is placed in a room-temperature environment with the initial water content of 40-55% for natural fermentation, the mixture is fermented for one time to the high temperature of 50-65 ℃ and the temperature is maintained, the compost is turned over irregularly, water is supplemented to 40-55%, the temperature is continuously raised for secondary fermentation, compost maturity can be completed within 25-30 days, a compost sample is taken for germination index determination, and the germination index can exceed 80%, which indicates that the method realizes thorough maturity of the pond sludge.
The using proportion of the pond sludge, the silkworm excrement and the mushroom residues is (5-10): (1-4): (1-4);
the pond sludge contains 2.45-5.28% of organic matter, 0.20-0.29% of total nitrogen, 0.16-0.36% of total phosphorus and 1.00-1.82% of total potassium, and also contains more organic and inorganic colloids.
The compost raw materials also include garden and/or crop wastes.
The time interval of the unscheduled turning is 5-7 days, turning is carried out on the 7 th day after the primary fermentation, the moisture is supplemented to 40% -55%, and the temperature is raised again for fermentation.
The invention also provides a raw material for aerobic composting by using pond sludge, the raw material comprises a mixture of pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues and other material wastes, and the use ratio of the pond sludge, the silkworm excrement and the mushroom residues is (5-10): (1-4): (1-4);
the other material wastes comprise garden and/or crop wastes, and specifically comprise one or more of waste leaves, waste branches, activated carbon, straws, chaffs, waste gas fertilizers, vinasse and wood chips;
and crushing other material wastes before use, wherein the addition amount of the other material wastes is 10-20% of the total amount of the raw materials.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge, the pond sludge is used for preparing the compost, the composting speed is high, compost raw materials are easy to obtain, the utilization rate of the compost obtained by composting is high, the compost standard of an organic fertilizer is met, the pond sludge is thoroughly decomposed, the silkworm excrement rich in microorganisms and mushroom residues rich in organic matters are added to serve as a conditioner, the aerobic composting decomposition of the pond sludge is realized, and the fertilizing application of the pond sludge is realized. The waste of the pond sludge is utilized, waste is changed into valuable, and the pond sludge can not only supply various nutrients to crops, but also thicken a plough layer, improve the physical properties of soil and improve the fertilizer retention capacity of the soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail in the following detailed description with reference to specific embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting of the scope of the invention, as various equivalent modifications of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the present invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
All the raw materials and reagents of the invention are conventional market raw materials and reagents unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge comprises the following steps:
the compost raw materials adopt a mixture comprising pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues (the use ratio is 5:1:1), 10% of a mixture of waste leaves, waste branches and active carbon can be added, the mixture is completely placed in a room temperature environment with the initial water content of 42% for natural fermentation, the mixture is fermented for one time to a high temperature of more than 50 ℃ and the temperature is maintained, the compost is turned over on the 5 th day after the initial fermentation, the water content is supplemented to 40%, the temperature is continuously raised for secondary fermentation, the compost maturity can be completed in 25 days, a compost sample is taken for germination index determination, and the germination index reaches 83%, which indicates that the pond sludge is completely matured.
Example 2
A method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge comprises the following steps:
the compost raw materials adopt a mixture comprising pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues (the use ratio is 6:2:2), and a mixture of 12% of waste leaves, straws and vinasse can be added, the mixture is completely placed in a room-temperature environment with the initial water content of 40% for natural fermentation, the mixture is fermented for the first time to the high temperature of 53 ℃ and the temperature is maintained, the compost is turned over on the 5 th day after the primary fermentation, the water is supplemented to 45%, the temperature is continuously raised for secondary fermentation, the compost maturity can be completed in 26 days, a compost sample is taken for germination index determination, and the germination index reaches 84.3%, which indicates that the pond sludge is completely matured.
Example 3
A method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge comprises the following steps:
the compost raw materials adopt a mixture comprising pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues (the use ratio is 6:3:1), 15% of waste leaves, waste branches, activated carbon, straws, chaff, waste gas fertilizer, vinasse and wood chips can be added, the mixture is completely placed in a room temperature environment with the initial water content of 45% for natural fermentation, the mixture is fermented for the first time to 55 ℃ and the temperature is maintained, the compost is turned over on the 6 th day after the primary fermentation, the water content is supplemented to 47%, the temperature is continuously raised for secondary fermentation, the compost is thoroughly decomposed in 28 days, a compost sample is taken for germination index determination, and the compost sample can reach 83.5%, which indicates that the pond sludge is completely thoroughly decomposed.
Example 4
A method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge comprises the following steps:
the compost raw materials adopt a mixture comprising pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues (the use ratio is 7:2:1), 18% of waste leaves, waste branches, activated carbon, straws, chaff, waste gas fertilizer, vinasse and wood chips can be added, the mixture is completely placed in a room temperature environment with the initial water content of 48% for natural fermentation, the mixture is fermented to 60 ℃ for the first time and the temperature is maintained, the compost is turned over on the 7 th day after the primary fermentation, the water content is supplemented to 48%, the temperature is continuously raised for the secondary fermentation, the compost is thoroughly decomposed within 30 days, a compost sample is taken for germination index determination, and the total well-decomposed pond sludge can reach 86.7%, which indicates that the pond sludge is completely thoroughly decomposed.
Example 5
A method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge comprises the following steps:
the compost raw materials adopt a mixture comprising pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues (the use ratio is 10:4:4), 20% of waste leaves, waste branches, activated carbon, straws, chaff, waste gas fertilizer, vinasse and wood chips can be added, the mixture is completely placed in a room temperature environment with the initial water content of 55% for natural fermentation, the mixture is fermented for the first time to 65 ℃ and the temperature is maintained, the compost is turned over on the 7 th day after the primary fermentation, the water content is supplemented to 55%, the temperature is continuously raised for secondary fermentation, the compost is thoroughly decomposed within 30 days, a compost sample is taken for germination index determination, and the total well-decomposed pond sludge can reach 86.5%, which indicates that the pond sludge is completely thoroughly decomposed.
Claims (8)
1. A method for carrying out aerobic composting by using pond sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps of placing a mixture of pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues as a composting raw material in a room temperature environment with an initial water content of 40% -55% for natural fermentation, carrying out primary fermentation to 50-65 ℃ and maintaining the temperature, turning over the compost irregularly, supplementing water to 40% -55%, continuing to heat for secondary fermentation, and finishing composting and thoroughly decomposing in 25-30 days.
2. The aerobic composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pond sludge, the silkworm excrement and the mushroom dregs are used in a ratio of (5-10): (1-4): (1-4).
3. A method of aerobic composting as claimed in claim 1 wherein the composting material also comprises garden and/or crop waste.
4. The aerobic composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time interval of the unscheduled turning is 5-7 days, the turning is performed on the 7 th day after the initial fermentation, the water is supplemented to 40% -55%, and the fermentation is raised again.
5. The raw material for aerobic composting by using pond sludge is characterized by comprising a mixture of pond sludge, silkworm excrement and mushroom residues and other material wastes, wherein the use ratio of the pond sludge to the silkworm excrement to the mushroom residues is (5-10): (1-4): (1-4).
6. A raw material for aerobic composting with pond sludge according to claim 5, characterized in that the other material waste comprises garden and/or crop waste.
7. A raw material for aerobic composting by pond sludge as claimed in claim 6 wherein said other material waste includes one or more of waste leaves, waste branches, activated carbon, straw, chaff, waste fertilizers, lees, and wood chips.
8. The raw material for aerobic composting by using pond sludge as claimed in claim 6, wherein the other waste materials are all subjected to pulverization pretreatment before use, and the addition amount is 10-20% of the total amount of the raw material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011388144.0A CN112430168A (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011388144.0A CN112430168A (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge |
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| CN112430168A true CN112430168A (en) | 2021-03-02 |
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| CN202011388144.0A Pending CN112430168A (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Method for aerobic composting by using pond sludge |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112898095A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-04 | 广西农垦西江乳业有限公司 | Preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer |
| CN114751795A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-15 | 广西大学 | Method for preparing sugarcane solid fertilizer by filtering residues from culture tail water |
| CN115259914A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-01 | 浙大城市学院 | Resource low-carbon utilization method for agricultural straw and ditch and pond sludge |
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2020
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112898095A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-04 | 广西农垦西江乳业有限公司 | Preparation method of cow dung organic fertilizer |
| CN114751795A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-07-15 | 广西大学 | Method for preparing sugarcane solid fertilizer by filtering residues from culture tail water |
| CN115259914A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-01 | 浙大城市学院 | Resource low-carbon utilization method for agricultural straw and ditch and pond sludge |
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Application publication date: 20210302 |
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