CN112028670A - Continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste - Google Patents
Continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112028670A CN112028670A CN202010850583.2A CN202010850583A CN112028670A CN 112028670 A CN112028670 A CN 112028670A CN 202010850583 A CN202010850583 A CN 202010850583A CN 112028670 A CN112028670 A CN 112028670A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a continuous fermentation method of vegetable wastes, which comprises the steps of collecting vegetable straws, crushing the vegetable straws to 2-8cm long, adding livestock and poultry manure, uniformly mixing, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing to obtain a fermented material, building a pile on site, carrying out compost fermentation, controlling the water content of the pile body to be 60-70%, automatically heating to above 70 ℃ within 1-2 days after the fermentation is started through ventilation, keeping the fermentation temperature to be above 65 ℃ for 7-10 days through intermittent ventilation, and then continuously ventilating to cool to below 50-55 ℃ to obtain a first batch of organic fertilizer; and repeating the operations to obtain the organic fertilizer of the next batch. The continuous fermentation process of the invention generates a high temperature of more than 65 ℃, on one hand, pathogenic microorganisms can be killed better, on the other hand, the fermentation material is decomposed to form a nutrient substance rich in organic matters, which can be used for returning the fertilizer to the field to increase the content of the organic matters in the soil, thereby achieving the effects of improving the soil structure and fertilizing the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable waste treatment, and particularly relates to a continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste.
Background
The harvest of vegetables has seasonality, therefore, the production of vegetable class discarded object is in batches, need certain time just can concentrate together and handle, and at this in-process, because the moisture content of vegetable discarded object is high, the carbon nitrogen ratio is low, and the structure is comparatively loose, and the earlier vegetables of collection time can very easily produce and milden and rot, rot and produce a large amount of stink, not only the polluted environment, influence near resident's life, and a large amount of spoilage microorganism can influence normal fermentation bacterial crowd in follow-up processing procedure, cause the fermentation incomplete, or start failure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the background technology and provide a continuous fermentation method of vegetable wastes, which can realize continuous treatment of the vegetable wastes, is simple and feasible and can effectively reduce the overflow of fermentation odor.
Technical scheme
The invention utilizes a physical-biological intensified continuous fermentation method to carry out nearby fermentation treatment at the source of vegetable waste generation to form a fermentation product rich in organic matters, thereby realizing clean production of vegetable plantation or vegetable production area. The specific scheme is as follows:
a continuous fermentation method of vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting vegetable straws, crushing the vegetable straws to 2-8cm long, adding livestock and poultry manure which accounts for 8-12% of the dry weight of the vegetable straws, uniformly mixing, adding a microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fermented material;
(2) building fermented materials on site, performing compost fermentation, ventilating and supplying oxygen in the fermentation process, controlling the water content of a pile body to be 60-70%, automatically heating to above 70 ℃ within 1-2 days after the fermentation is started, adopting intermittent ventilation to keep the fermentation temperature above 65 ℃ for 7-10 days, then continuously ventilating to cool to below 50-55 ℃ to obtain a first batch of organic fertilizer;
(3) in the process of ventilating and cooling in the step (2), repeating the step (1) to obtain a fermented material, and then repeating the step (2) to obtain a second batch of organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) continuously repeating the steps (1) and (2) to obtain the next batch of organic fertilizer.
Further, in the step (1), the addition amount of the microbial agent accounts for 3-5 per mill of the fermentation material.
Further, in the step (1), the microbial agent consists of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces, aspergillus oryzae and lactobacillus, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g.
Further, in the step (2), the pile height of the pile is 2.5-3.5 meters, the width is 6-7 meters, and the length is 7-10 meters.
Further, in the step (2), an E-PTFE waterproof and breathable film covers the upper part of the stack body.
Further, in the step (1), the livestock manure is replaced by mushroom dregs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a continuous fermentation method of vegetable wastes, wherein the vegetable wastes can be discharged after 21-30 days of each batch of fermentation period, and then the operation of the next batch is carried out repeatedly, in the continuous fermentation process, the ultrahigh temperature of more than 65 ℃ is generated, so that on one hand, pathogenic microorganisms can be killed better, on the other hand, the fermented materials are decomposed, a green recycled nutrient substance rich in organic matters is formed, and the nutrient substance formed after the fermentation is finished can be returned to the field to increase the organic matter content of the soil, thereby achieving the effects of improving the soil structure and fertilizing the soil fertility.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The implementation place is as follows: tin-free Wanshou river vegetable industry base
A continuous fermentation method of vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting vegetable straws (tomato straws and wild rice stem leaves in a weight ratio of 1:1), crushing to 3-5cm long, adding chicken manure accounting for 8% of the dry weight of the vegetable straws, uniformly mixing, adding 3% o of microbial agents (consisting of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces, aspergillus oryzae and lactobacillus, the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g), uniformly mixing to obtain 30 tons of fermented materials, and performing 3-batch continuous feeding tests;
(2) piling up fermented material on site (pile height is 2.5 m, width is 6m, length is 8 m, side and lower part of pile body are equipped with inserted ventilating pipeline), making compost fermentation, in the course of fermentation ventilating and oxygen-supplying, controlling pile body water content to 60-70%, within 1 day after fermentation is started, self-heating to 71 deg.C by means of ventilation, adopting intermittent ventilation, and making ventilation quantity be 0.2-0.3m3Permin, starting ventilation every 2-3 hr to maintain the fermentation temperature at 69-74 deg.C for 10 days, and allowing ventilation to be more than 0.3m3Continuously ventilating for min, and cooling to below 50-55 ℃ to obtain a first batch of organic fertilizer;
(3) in the process of ventilating and cooling in the step (2), repeating the step (1) to obtain a fermented material, and then repeating the step (2) to obtain a second batch of organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) continuously repeating the steps (1) and (2) to obtain a third batch of organic fertilizer.
NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and organic matter content in the first batch of organic fertilizer, the second batch of organic fertilizer and the third batch of organic fertilizer are tested, and the results are shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1
| Organic matter | NPK | |
| First batch of organic fertilizer | 50.5％ | 5.61％ |
| Second batch of organic fertilizer | 52.6％ | 5.59％ |
| Third batch of organic fertilizer | 53.1％ | 5.71％ |
Testing the germination index of the first organic fertilizer, wherein the Germination Index (GI) is measured by adopting small green vegetable seeds, and the detection method comprises the following steps: adding 200ml of distilled water into 20g of fresh sample, fully oscillating, leaching at 30 ℃ for 1 day and night, filtering, sucking 6ml of filtrate, adding into 9cm culture dishes paved with filter paper, dibbling 20 full small green vegetable seeds on each culture dish, placing in an incubator at 20 ℃ for culture, measuring the germination rate GI of the seeds at 24h, repeating the treatment for 3 times, and taking the contrast as the distilled water.
Germination Index (GI) according to the formula:
after 15 days of composting, the germination index of the first organic fertilizer is measured to be 73 percent and reaches the basic maturity, and after 30 days of composting, the germination index reaches 82 percent and reaches the complete maturity standard, so that the organic fertilizer has no toxicity to plants.
Example 2
The implementation place is as follows: post-market white strawberry park
A continuous fermentation method of vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting vegetable straws (strawberry vines and leafy vegetables, the weight ratio of the strawberry vines to the leafy vegetables is 8:2), crushing the vegetable straws into 5-8cm long, then adding chicken manure accounting for 10% of the dry weight of the vegetable straws, uniformly mixing the vegetable straws and the chicken manure, adding 5% o of microbial inoculum (consisting of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces, aspergillus oryzae and lactobacillus, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g), uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain 25 tons of fermented materials, and continuously feeding the fermented materials in 3 batches for testing;
(2) piling up fermented material on site (pile height is 3m, width is 7 m, length is 9 m, side and lower part of pile body are equipped with inserted ventilating duct), making compost fermentation, in the course of fermentation ventilating oxygen supply, controlling pile body water content to be 60-70%, in 1 day after fermentation is started, self-heating to 72 deg.C by means of ventilation, adopting intermittent ventilation, and making ventilation quantity be 0.2-0.3m3Permin, starting ventilation every 2-3 hr to maintain the fermentation temperature at 69-74 deg.C for 7 days, and allowing ventilation to be more than 0.3m3Continuously ventilating for min, and cooling to below 50-55 ℃ to obtain a first batch of organic fertilizer;
(3) in the process of ventilating and cooling in the step (2), repeating the step (1) to obtain a fermented material, and then repeating the step (2) to obtain a second batch of organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) continuously repeating the steps (1) and (2) to obtain a third batch of organic fertilizer.
NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and organic matter content in the first batch of organic fertilizer, the second batch of organic fertilizer and the third batch of organic fertilizer are tested, and the results are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2
The germination index of the first organic fertilizer is tested, and after 15 days of composting, the germination index is 75%, and the basic maturity is achieved. After 30 days of composting, the germination index reaches 89%, the complete decomposition standard is reached, and the fertilizer has no toxicity to plants.
Claims (6)
1. A continuous fermentation method of vegetable wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting vegetable straws, crushing the vegetable straws to 2-8cm long, adding livestock and poultry manure which accounts for 8-12% of the dry weight of the vegetable straws, uniformly mixing, adding a microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain a fermented material;
(2) building fermented materials on site, performing compost fermentation, ventilating and supplying oxygen in the fermentation process, controlling the water content of a pile body to be 60-70%, automatically heating to above 70 ℃ within 1-2 days after the fermentation is started, adopting intermittent ventilation to keep the fermentation temperature above 65 ℃ for 7-10 days, then continuously ventilating to cool to below 50-55 ℃ to obtain a first batch of organic fertilizer;
(3) in the process of ventilating and cooling in the step (2), repeating the step (1) to obtain a fermented material, and then repeating the step (2) to obtain a second batch of organic fertilizer;
(4) and (3) continuously repeating the steps (1) and (2) to obtain the next batch of organic fertilizer.
2. The continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the amount of the microbial agent added is 3-5% of the fermented material.
3. The continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces, Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus, and the number of effective viable bacteria is not less than 0.5 hundred million/g.
4. The continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pile height of the pile is 2.5-3.5 m, the width is 6-7 m, and the length is 7-10 m.
5. A continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in step (2), the top of the stack is covered with a waterproof and breathable membrane of E-PTFE.
6. A continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the livestock manure is replaced with mushroom dregs in the step (1).
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| CN202010850583.2A CN112028670A (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Continuous fermentation method of vegetable waste |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112960995A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-15 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of tailed vegetables, product and application thereof |
| CN113004079A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-22 | 四川省眉山益稷农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by molecular filter membrane fermentation |
| CN113303202A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-27 | 南京农业大学 | Seedling culture medium developed from aerobic fermentation product of agricultural wastes of tail vegetable sources and application of seedling culture medium |
| CN114409455A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-29 | 定西市农业生态与资源保护技术推广站 | Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method |
| CN115216415A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-21 | 中国农业大学 | Microbial inoculum and application thereof in preparation of fertilizer |
| CN116063130A (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-05-05 | 山东泰昌生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by utilizing vegetable wastes |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112960995A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-15 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer by airflow membrane fermentation of tailed vegetables, product and application thereof |
| CN113004079A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-22 | 四川省眉山益稷农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by molecular filter membrane fermentation |
| CN115216415A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-21 | 中国农业大学 | Microbial inoculum and application thereof in preparation of fertilizer |
| CN115216415B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2023-12-26 | 中国农业大学 | Microbial inoculum and application thereof in preparation of fertilizer |
| CN113303202A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-27 | 南京农业大学 | Seedling culture medium developed from aerobic fermentation product of agricultural wastes of tail vegetable sources and application of seedling culture medium |
| CN114409455A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-29 | 定西市农业生态与资源保护技术推广站 | Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method |
| CN116063130A (en) * | 2023-01-28 | 2023-05-05 | 山东泰昌生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by utilizing vegetable wastes |
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