CN115216415A - Microbial inoculum and application thereof in preparation of fertilizer - Google Patents
Microbial inoculum and application thereof in preparation of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation and organic fertilizer production, and particularly discloses a microbial inoculum and application thereof in preparation of a fertilizer. The microbial inoculum of the invention comprises: citric acid bacillus, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus megaterium. It is a salt-tolerant compost inoculant. The microbial inoculum provided by the invention is used for preparing the fertilizer by fermentation, so that the fermentation period can be effectively shortened, the fermentation is sufficient, the odor emission is less, the cyclic utilization of the culture waste is realized, and the environmental protection pressure of livestock and poultry manure treatment in a farm is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation and organic fertilizer production, in particular to a microbial inoculum and application thereof in preparing fertilizers.
Background
At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure produced every year is still not high, the harmless rate is lower, one third of the livestock and poultry manure is returned to the field after simple composting treatment, the other third of the livestock and poultry manure is used for producing biogas through anaerobic fermentation, only a small part of the livestock and poultry manure is used for producing organic fertilizer through aerobic fermentation, and the rest of the livestock and poultry manure which is not utilized still accounts for a large proportion. It can be seen that the livestock manure is mainly treated by low-level facultative and small-scale aerobic process at present. Livestock manure treatment in farms generally adopts small-scale aerobic fermentation composting technology. However, such small scale aerobic fermentation technology system, because of its relative simplicity and extensive scale, results in lower product quality and greater odor concentration, and the main problems include: (1) the generation amount of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas is large in the composting process; (2) The fermentation period is long, and the treatment period of the strip-stack type fermentation process is generally 30-50 days; (3) The fermentation is insufficient, so that the harmless degree and the quality of the compost are lower.
Therefore, the small-scale aerobic fermentation technology needs to be improved, the odor generated in the treatment process is reduced, and the quality and the harmless degree of compost products are improved, so that the requirement of a farm on efficient and rapid treatment of livestock and poultry manure is met, and the environmental protection pressure of livestock and poultry manure treatment facing the farm is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a microbial inoculum capable of reducing odor emission and shortening fermentation period in the fermentation treatment process of livestock manure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a microbial inoculant comprising: citric acid bacillus, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus megaterium.
Aiming at the action process of a single strain, the operation mechanism of the whole microbial system cannot be solved, and the degradation efficiency is difficult to be integrally improved. After a large amount of researches are carried out by methods such as microbiome sequencing, high-throughput culture and functional research systems, the invention discovers that the coordination effect exists in the aspect of metabolism of organic macromolecular substances such as carbon sources and nitrogen sources by compounding the citric acid bacillus, the aspergillus oryzae, the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the bacillus megaterium together. Thus achieving a better effect.
The concentration of the cells of Citrobacter in the invention is 7.1X 10 8 ～5.8×10 9 cfu/mL; the concentration of Aspergillus oryzae was 1.9X 10 8 ～5.2×10 9 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 2.0 × 10 8 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 3.0 multiplied by 10 8 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the bacterial density of the bacillus megaterium is 2.0 multiplied by 10 8 ～5.0×10 9 cfu/mL；
Preferably, the cell concentration of Citrobacter is 1.9X 10 9 ～4.8×10 9 cfu/mL; the concentration of Aspergillus oryzae was 5.6X 10 8 ～1.9×10 9 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 4.0 × 10 9 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 4.0 multiplied by 10 9 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the bacterial density of the bacillus megaterium is 1.0 multiplied by 10 9 ～5.0×10 9 cfu/mL。
A great deal of research shows that when the specific microbial inoculum formula is used for compost fermentation, the microbial inoculum can play a role in quickly heating a compost, retaining nitrogen and reducing odor in the fermentation process. Can realize the shortening of the fermentation period and the reduction of odor emission, is environment-friendly and is suitable for popularization and application.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the fertilizer, which is to prepare the fertilizer by fermenting the microbial inoculum.
In the invention, the fermented substrate is a mixture of livestock manure, rice hulls and straws after solid-liquid separation, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the rice hulls to the straws is (4-6): (2-4): (2-4); the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is (20-35): 1, the water content is 55-65%;
and/or the granularity of the straw is 0.1-2cm.
In the invention, the livestock manure is cow manure.
The invention particularly selects the raw materials, the proportion and the physical and chemical indexes of the fermentation substrate, so that the raw materials, the proportion and the physical and chemical indexes can effectively meet the requirements of the microbial inoculum for producing the organic fertilizer. The substrate obtained by matching the specific components can meet the growth requirement of the specific microbial inoculum, and the construction of a specific pile structure can be realized through the grading relation among particles, so that the moisture in the gaps of the compost can be moved in a proper manner to drive the thalli to diffuse, the propagation conditions are created, the gaps cannot be completely blocked, the air permeability is not influenced, and the basis is further provided for ensuring low odor emission and high-efficiency fermentation.
The C/N (carbon-nitrogen ratio) of the invention refers to the ratio of the total carbon content to the total nitrogen content in the material, the C/N value is high and can be adjusted by adding livestock manure, and the C/N value is low and can be adjusted by adding rice hulls and straws.
Preferably, in the invention, the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the rice hulls and the straws is 4; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 25:1, water content 60%.
In the invention, the fermentation adopts a static stack mode, the oxygen content is kept at about 10-15%, and the central temperature of the stack is not higher than 70 ℃.
In the composting process, the ideal high temperature value is 55-65 ℃, and the breakthrough of 70 ℃ is strictly prohibited, because the temperature higher than the high temperature can cause the death of beneficial bacteria in the microbial inoculum.
Preferably, during the fermentation, the oxygen is provided by an intermittent aeration method, the aeration frequency is 1 hour and 2 hours after the fermentation is started, and the aeration rate is 0.3-0.4 L.min -1 ·kg -1 。
The invention adopts an intermittent aeration technology, not only can provide enough oxygen for biochemical reaction of compost, but also solves the problem of increasing the cost of compost caused by uneven aeration and more ineffective aeration in the prior art.
In the invention, the inoculation amount of the microbial inoculum is 0.1-0.5%, preferably 0.2% of the weight of the substrate (fresh weight).
The invention can better exert the effect of the microbial inoculum by controlling the oxygen amount and the temperature in the fermentation process.
In the compost, the length of the high-temperature maintaining time reflects the adjustment of the formula and the quality of the pretreatment of the raw materials at the early stage, the ideal time is generally 5-10 days, most pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs and weed seeds can be killed at the stage, and the harmless treatment of the livestock and poultry manure is realized. In the aerobic fermentation process, the keeping days of the temperature of the center of the pile body higher than 55 ℃ are between 5 and 11 days, and the total fermentation time can be about 20 days.
As an example, the specific preparation steps of the fertilizer of the present invention include:
s1, providing organic fertilizer raw materials, wherein the organic fertilizer raw materials comprise livestock manure, rice hulls and wheat straws which are subjected to solid-liquid separation, crushing and pretreating the wheat straws, and mixing the treated straws with the livestock manure and the rice hulls to obtain a mixed material;
s2, adjusting the initial water content of the mixed material to 55-65%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20-35, and then inoculating the microbial inoculum into the mixed material to perform an aerobic fermentation process.
The invention also provides application of the microbial inoculum or the method in reducing odor emission in the livestock manure treatment process and application in shortening the compost fermentation period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the optimal combination of fermentation strains, the livestock manure is used as a main fermentation raw material, the rice hulls and the crushed wheat straws are used as auxiliary materials for aerobic fermentation, through a reasonable material proportion and a composting process (adjusting the temperature of a compost body, the aeration frequency and the moisture of the raw materials in the aerobic composting process), the fermentation period is obviously shortened, the odor generation amount in the composting process is reduced, the harmless degree and the rotten degree of a composting product are improved, the water content of the obtained organic fertilizer product is low, and an organic chemical product is not adopted in the preparation process, so that the organic fertilizer is environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
In the invention, ma Renan, li Danyang, qi Chuanren, li Guoxue, wang Guoying, liuyan, sun Shaoze, yuan Jing are cited as methods for testing total odor emission, and the influence of carbon-nitrogen ratio on the degree of decomposition of chicken manure compost and odor emission [ J ]. Agricultural engineering report, 2020,36 (24): 194-202 is provided. Citrobacter are disclosed in: hafiza Madeca Sadiq et al, isolation AND Characterization OF Photorhate-Solubizin Bactera FROM Rhizosphere SOIL [ J ]. Biotechnology & Biotechnology Equipment,2013,27 (6): 4248-4255; aspergillus oryzae is disclosed in: [1] li Yu, wang Qi, chen Wuling screening of cow dung compost high-efficiency degrading bacteria and preparation of compound microbial agent [ J ]. Anhui agricultural science, 2008,36 (35): 15653-15655; bacillus subtilis is disclosed in: duan M, Y Zhang, zhou B, et al. Effects of Bacillus subtilis on carbon components and microbial functional steel manufacturing-strand composition [ J ]. Bioresource Technology,2020,303 (1): 122868; bacillus amyloliquefaciens is disclosed in: wu Y, ZHao C, farmer J, et al. Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on pepper growth and Fusarium with biocontrol [ J ]. Scientia Horticulturae,2015, 193; bacillus megaterium is disclosed in: wan L, wang X, cong C, et al.Effect of injecting microorganisms in chicken manure composing with mail structure [ J ]. Bioresource Technology,2020, 301. The contrast agent is a VT-1000 compound microbial agent purchased from Beijing Woogtze Tiandi Biotechnology GmbH.
Example 1
The embodiment provides the microbial inoculum and a method for preparing a fertilizer by using the microbial inoculum.
Implementation materials: cow dung, rice hulls, wheat straws and microbial inoculum.
The microbial inoculum is as follows: citrobacter bacteria with a cell density of 3.8X 10 9 cfu/mL; aspergillus oryzae with a cell density of 1.2X 10 9 cfu/mL; bacillus subtilis with a cell concentration of 0.8 × 10 10 cfu/mL; bacillus amyloliquefaciens with the thallus concentration of 8.3 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/mL; bacillus megaterium with a cell concentration of 3.4 × 10 9 cfu/mL。
The method for performing static composting by using the cow dung, the rice hulls and the wheat straws in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
pulverizing wheat straw to 0.1-2cm, and mixing (after solid-liquid separation) cow dung, rice hull and pulverized wheat straw according to the proportion of 400kg cow dung, 300kg rice hull and 300kg wheat straw. The initial water content of the material was adjusted to 60%. The method for judging the water content of the mixed raw material on site comprises the following steps: when the material is gripped by hand, water seeps out from the finger slit, but does not flow down. The C/N ratio is adjusted to 25. The above microbial inoculum was added in a weight ratio of 0.2% (fresh weight) before the start of composting. After the microbial inoculum is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the stack for mixing, the materials are conveyed into a fermentation tank by using a manual mode or a forklift mode and the like.
Composting processThe intermittent aeration method is adopted to keep the oxygen amount at about 10 percent. The specific aeration frequency is 1 hour and 2 hours, and the aeration rate is 0.3-0.4 L.min -1 ·kg -1 . The central temperature of the stack is controlled not to exceed 70 ℃. In this example, the duration of the high temperature phase (. Gtoreq.55 ℃) was 11 days, and the maximum temperature during composting reached 65.3 ℃.
The fermentation is basically finished in 20 days, the germination index is a common index for judging the rotten degree of the compost product at present, and the compost body is generally considered to be rotten when the germination index is larger than or equal to 70 percent. In this example, after 25 days of fermentation, the pH of the heap was 8.47, total nitrogen content was 1.67%, organic content was 54.83%, and total phosphorus content was 1.12% (P) 2 O 5 ) Total potassium content 1.56% (K) 2 O), the germination index reaches 88.31 percent.
Experimental example 1
The experimental example measured the effect of composting by the method of the present invention. Let 5 treatments, each three replicates, 126m per treatment 3 And (3) feeding. Wherein the CK group adopts the traditional stack retting method. T1 and T2 are the same as those in example 1 of the present invention except that no microbial agent is added, and the microbial agents used in T3 and T4 are the same as those in example 1, and the rest of the treatment is not described in detail and is the same as example 1. See table 1 for experimental treatment.
Table 1 test treatment
The time required for raising the temperature to be more than 50 ℃ in five composting treatment processes is as follows: as shown in Table 2, the temperature of the conventional stack retting CK group can not exceed 50 ℃, the temperature of the forced ventilation static stack adopting aeration treatment can exceed more than 50 ℃, wherein the treatment temperature of T2 with high aeration rate and aeration frequency can reach more than 50 ℃ only for 1.5 days, and the treatment temperature of T1 with lower aeration rate and aeration frequency can reach more than 50 ℃ only for 3 days, which indicates that the aeration measures can effectively increase the temperature of the stack, and the high aeration rate and aeration rate can quickly increase the temperature of the stack and effectively shorten the temperature rise time of compost fermentation. When an aeration measure is adopted, the temperature rise speed is more obvious after the microbial inoculum is inoculated, the temperature can be raised to more than 50 ℃ after the T4 treatment for 1 day, and the temperature can be raised to more than 50 ℃ after the T3 treatment for 1.5 days.
TABLE 2 different aeration rates and effect of temperature rise (. Degree. C.) of inoculum inoculation pile
Odor was examined by the method of Ma Renan, li Danyang, qi transmutation, li Guoxue, wang Guoying, liuyan, sun Shaoze, yuan Jing carbon nitrogen ratio to chicken manure compost maturity and odor emission [ J ]. Proc. Agro. Engineers, 2020,36 (24): 194-202 ] for five compost samples, the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Total odor emission of reactor at different aeration rates and frequencies
As can be seen from Table 3, the intermittent aeration significantly reduces the discharge amount of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide (p < 0.05) in the cow dung composting process, and when measures with higher aeration frequency and aeration amount are adopted (T2), the discharge amount is reduced by 63.0% and the discharge amount of hydrogen sulfide is reduced by 66.31% compared with the discharge amount of ammonia in the CK group cow dung compost. After the microbial inoculum is inoculated, higher aeration frequency and aeration quantity (T4) are adopted, and the emission reduction of the ammonia gas is 65.99 percent and the emission reduction of the hydrogen sulfide is 68.98 percent compared with the ammonia gas emission reduction 5363 percent and the hydrogen sulfide emission reduction 3242 percent of the cattle manure compost of the CK group
According to the method, the cow dung is treated by adopting the forced ventilation static stack process, and the microbial inoculum (T4) is added before treatment, so that the composting process can be effectively promoted, the fermentation time is shortened, the odor emission concentration is reduced, and the recycling of the livestock and poultry dung and the environment-friendly treatment are realized.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example compares the effects of the microbial agent of the present invention and a microbial agent different from the present invention under the same aeration means. Each set was provided with three replicates. The specific formula of the microbial inoculum (contrast microbial inoculum) different from the microbial inoculum of the invention is plant lactobacillus, and the concentration of the microbial inoculum is 3.2 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/mL; saccharomyces cerevisiae with a cell concentration of 4.1 × 10 8 cfu/mL; bacillus subtilis with a cell concentration of 0.7 × 10 10 cfu/mL; bai Jianhui Streptomyces, the thallus concentration is 1.2X 10 9 cfu/mL; aspergillus oryzae with a cell concentration of 0.3X 10 9 cfu/mL. The details of the treatment are shown in Table 5, and the details are not described in detail and are the same as in example 1.
And (3) fermentation result statistics: the D1 group of piles are fermented and completely decomposed for 35 days, the 6 th day of the piles reaches more than 50 ℃, the duration time of a high temperature period (not less than 55 ℃) is 4 days, the highest temperature is 57 ℃, and the germination index of the compost products is 71.35%. The D2 group of piles are completely decomposed after 30 days of fermentation, the 3 rd day of the piles reaches more than 50 ℃, the duration time of a high temperature period (not less than 55 ℃) is 6 days, the highest temperature is 61 ℃, and the germination index of the compost products is 75.13%. Inoculating the microbial agent (group D3) of the invention, fermenting the compost for 28 days to completely decompose, wherein the temperature of the compost reaches more than 50 ℃ on day 2, the duration time of the high temperature period (more than or equal to 55 ℃) is 7 days, the maximum temperature is 63 ℃, and the germination index of the compost product is 80.56%. Inoculating the microbial agent (group D4) of the invention, fermenting the compost for 25 days to completely decompose the compost, wherein the temperature of the compost reaches more than 50 ℃ on the 1 st day, the duration time of the high temperature period (more than or equal to 55 ℃) is 9 days, the maximum temperature is 69 ℃, and the germination index of the compost product is 88.11%.
The total odor emission results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 total odor emission of different inoculated-bacteria heap
TABLE 5
Comparative example 2
This comparative example compares the differences in fertilizer production using the method of example 1 of the present invention and other methods (comparative methods) with different ratios of fermentation feedstocks. Each set was provided with three replicates. The comparative method is the same as the basic method for preparing the fertilizer in example 1, and the difference is that cow dung, rice hulls and crushed wheat straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5. The aeration measure and the microorganism inoculation amount are the same. The specific treatment is shown in Table 7.
And (3) fermentation result statistics: the treatment temperature of A1 can be raised to more than 50 ℃ within 1 day, the temperature is maintained for 10 days above 50 ℃, the highest temperature can reach 69 ℃, complete decomposition can be realized within 25 days, and the germination index of the compost product is 89.3%. The A2 treatment temperature is increased to more than 50 ℃ on the 13 th day, the temperature is maintained for 2 days above 50 ℃, the maximum temperature is 50 ℃, the thorough decomposition cannot be realized, and the germination index of the compost product is 67.93%. The treatment temperature of A3 is increased to more than 50 ℃ on the 4 th day, the temperature is maintained for 5 days above 50 ℃, the decomposition is realized in 40 days, and the germination index of the compost product is 73.5%.
The odor emission total statistics are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 total odor emission of reactor with different material ratios
TABLE 7
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A microbial inoculum, comprising: citric acid bacillus, aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus megaterium.
2. The microbial preparation according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the cells of Citrobacter is 7.1X 10 8 ～5.8×10 9 cfu/mL; the concentration of Aspergillus oryzae was 1.9X 10 8 ～5.2×10 9 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 2.0 × 10 8 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 3.0 multiplied by 10 8 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the bacterial density of the bacillus megaterium is 2.0 multiplied by 10 8 ～5.0×10 9 cfu/mL；
Preferably, the cell concentration of Citrobacter is 1.9X 10 9 ～4.8×10 9 cfu/mL; the concentration of Aspergillus oryzae was 5.6X 10 8 ～1.9×10 9 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 4.0 × 10 9 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the cell concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 4.0 multiplied by 10 9 ～1.0×10 10 cfu/mL; the bacterial density of the bacillus megaterium is 1.0 multiplied by 10 9 ～5.0×10 9 cfu/mL。
3. A method for producing a fertilizer, characterized by producing the fertilizer by fermentation using the microbial agent of claim 1 or 2.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the substrate for fermentation is a mixture of solid-liquid separated livestock manure, rice hulls and straws, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the rice hulls and the straws is (4-6): (2-4): (2-4); the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is (20-35): 1, the water content is 55-65%; and/or the particle size of the straw is 0.1-2cm.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the mass ratio of said livestock manure, said rice hulls, and said straw is 4; the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 25:1, water content 60%.
6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the fermentation is carried out in a static stack mode, the oxygen content is kept between 10 and 15 percent, and the temperature of the center of the stack is not higher than 70 ℃.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein oxygen is supplied during the fermentation by an intermittent aeration method, wherein the aeration frequency is 1 hour and 2 hours, and the aeration rate is 0.3-0.4L-min -1 ·kg -1 。
8. The method as claimed in claims 3 to 7, wherein the inoculum size of the inoculum is 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the weight of the substrate.
9. Use of the microbial inoculum of claim 1 or 2 or the method of claims 3-8 for reducing odor emission in a livestock manure treatment process.
10. Use of a bacterial preparation according to claim 1 or 2 or a method according to claims 3-8 for shortening the compost fermentation cycle.
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