CN113303202A

CN113303202A - Seedling culture medium developed from aerobic fermentation product of agricultural wastes of tail vegetable sources and application of seedling culture medium

Info

Publication number: CN113303202A
Application number: CN202110462437.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李�荣; 沈其荣; 张西凯; 张嘉伟; 沈标
Original assignee: Nanjing Agricultural University
Current assignee: Nanjing Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-04-27
Filing date: 2021-04-27
Publication date: 2021-08-27

Abstract

The invention provides a seedling culture substrate developed from aerobic fermentation products of agricultural wastes of a tail vegetable source and application thereof. The seedling raising substrate comprises the raw materials of a tailed vegetable source agricultural waste aerobic fermentation product, turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the waste vegetables and auxiliary materials according to a certain C/N ratio, performing aerobic fermentation in an airflow membrane fermentation mode, uniformly mixing the decomposed materials after the aerobic fermentation with turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite according to a certain ratio, performing seedling culture, and observing the seedling culture effect. The formula of the seedling substrate is a fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 25:5:10: 10. Compared with the commercially available substrate, the formula disclosed by the invention can play a similar seedling raising effect in cucumber seedling raising, and the seedling raising effect is far better than that of the commercially available substrate in tomato seedling raising.

Description

Seedling culture medium developed from aerobic fermentation product of agricultural wastes of tail vegetable sources and application of seedling culture medium

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of seedling culture, and provides a seedling culture substrate developed from aerobic fermentation products of waste agricultural wastes from tail vegetables and application of the seedling culture substrate.

Background

The waste vegetables are the waste in the planting and processing process of the vegetables such as leaf vegetables, solanaceous fruits and the like. With the annual increase of the vegetable yield in China, the yield of the tailed vegetables is also increased, the yield of the tailed vegetables per year in China is up to about 3 hundred million tons, the tailed vegetables are randomly dumped, buried, stacked and the like, precious organic matters and nutrient resources are wasted, and the environment is greatly polluted, so that the utilization of the tailed vegetables is an important way for guaranteeing the sustainable development of agriculture and improving the quality of vegetable fields. Composting the tailed vegetables, namely firstly, easily perishable organic matters in the tailed vegetables can be converted into organic fertilizers which are easily accepted by soil; secondly, the high-temperature fermentation in the composting process basically kills pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova in the tailed vegetables, and promotes the harmless utilization of the tailed vegetables. Therefore, the method for treating the waste vegetables by utilizing the compost is the mode with the smallest influence on the environment and the best treatment effect in the current waste vegetable treatment modes. The traditional composting modes comprise strip-stack fermentation, turning-throwing fermentation and the like, all of which need certain fixed asset investment, have larger site requirements, can not solve the odor problem of a composting field, and have lower composting efficiency, and the airflow membrane fermentation technology overcomes the defects of the traditional composting process, has the advantages of low composting cost, smaller odor-free site requirements of the composting field and the like, and in the airflow membrane fermentation process, the compost body is covered by an air filtering membrane, thereby effectively reducing the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen in the fermentation process, reducing the loss of nutrient components in the fertilizer, and improving the composting efficiency and the fertilizer quality. However, no report about airflow membrane fermentation aiming at high-water content waste vegetable raw materials and a seedling culture substrate developed by the fermentation product is found at present. Under the background that the storage capacity of the turfy soil is continuously reduced and the inlet of the peat is gradually increased year by year, the turfy soil is replaced by other materials to ensure that the substrate achieves good seedling culture effect, and the method is an important way for reducing the cost of soilless culture and improving the industrial economic benefit of the seedling culture substrate

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a seedling culture substrate from aerobic fermentation products of agricultural wastes of a tail vegetable source aiming at actual problems and requirements in production practice.

The invention also aims to provide the seedling substrate prepared by the method.

The invention also aims to provide application of the seedling raising substrate.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for producing a seedling substrate by airflow film fermentation of agricultural wastes from a tail vegetable source comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing raw materials: mixing the above materials, and building into a stack;

(2) covering a Goer film outside the strip pile, arranging a fan at one end of the strip pile, fermenting in an airflow film composting manner, continuously fermenting without turning the pile, aerating at the bottom, cooling the pile body after 20 days of composting, and maintaining the pile temperature for more than 20 days at more than 50 ℃ in the whole composting process;

(3) and after the fermentation is finished, mixing the fermentation product 3-15 meters away from the fan with turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite to prepare the seedling culture substrate.

As a preferred choice of the invention, the whole fermentation process does not turn over the stack, and the ventilation pipeline laid at the bottom of the strip stack is communicated with the fan to aerate the bottom of the strip stack.

As a preferable mode of the invention, the method adopts a fan with the power of 3.7kW and the aeration rate of 80000L/min, and the aeration frequency is automatically adjusted according to the temperature.

Preferably, the potherb mustard, the vinegar residue and the mushrooms are mixed according to the C/N ratio of 28-30:1, and the initial water content is adjusted to 55-65%.

As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the bulk base is piled up to 18m in length, 5m in width and 1.9m in height.

As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite mass ratio is 22-25:5-7:8-10:8-10, and the fermentation product is preferably: turfy soil: vermiculite: the mass ratio of the perlite is 25:5:10: 10.

As a further preferred of the present invention, the method comprises the steps of:

(1) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residues according to the mixture ratio of C/N30: 1 of a pile body, adjusting the initial water content to 55-65%, and then building the mixture into a strip pile shape, wherein the length of the pile body base material is 18m, the width is 5m, and the height is 1.9 m;

(2) aerobic fermentation: after the fermentation base materials are stacked in a fermentation area in a strip stack manner, covering a Goll film outside the strip stack, fermenting by adopting an airflow film composting mode, adopting a fan with the power of 3.7kW and the aeration rate of 80000L/min, automatically adjusting the aeration frequency according to the temperature, not turning the stack in the fermentation process, aerating at the bottom, and fermenting for 30-35 days;

(3) sampling to prepare a matrix: taking the end point close to one side of the fan as a point 0, and mixing fermentation products 3-6m and 12-15m away from the fan with turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite to prepare the seedling substrate.

Preferably, in the step (3), the terminal point at the side close to the fan is 0 point, and the fermentation products at the positions 4-5m and 13-14m away from the fan are respectively mixed with turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite to prepare the seedling substrate.

The seedling substrate prepared by the method is provided by the invention.

As a preferred choice of the invention, the pH of the seedling substrate is 7.27-8.53, the EC value is 1183-2315 mu s/cm, and the volume weight is 0.259-0.335g/cm³The total porosity is 60.44-67.07%.

The seedling raising substrate is applied to promoting the growth and seedling emergence of vegetables; preferably in promoting the growth and emergence of cucumber and/or tomato.

Has the advantages that:

1. the period is short, the fermentation amount per unit area is large, the airflow membrane fermentation technology can reach about 150 cubes per feeding, the fermentation time reaches 20 days, and the cooling period is entered, while the traditional strip-stack fermentation and tank fermentation have great requirements on fields.

2. The requirement is low, the occupied area is small, the requirement on the field is low, and fermentation devices can be built on cement lands and fields.

3. The cost is low, the power consumption of each groove is low every day, the maintenance and operation cost is low, and the labor is less. The equipment is simple, and a large amount of subsequent maintenance investment is not needed. The service life is long, and is 8-10 years on average.

4. The temperature and humidity can be controlled, the optimal fermentation temperature of the zymophyte is about 60 ℃, and the intelligent control system of the PLC can supply air and adjust according to the internal temperature, the humidity and the oxygen content, so that the internal fermentation efficiency is optimal. According to the size of the supplied air, the temperature of the stack body rises to about 70 ℃ in the third to fourth days, the temperature is kept for about 12 to 14 days, then the temperature is slowly reduced, and when the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, the material is decomposed.

5. Isolated peculiar smell, the gaseous diffusion of peculiar smell can effectually be kept apart to nanometer molecular film, and little molecular gas (including hydrogen, oxygen, micromolecule gas such as vapor) can pass through the molecular film, and the gas (like ammonia, hydrogen sulfide) of macromolecule can not see through the molecular film, in fermentation process, run into the air current membrane on upper strata when vapor evaporation, will have one deck water smoke can be attached to at the internal surface of membrane, peculiar smell gaseous diffusion that produces during the fermentation just in time is dissolved in the liquid water of membrane internal surface, return to in the fertilizer heap when drippage. The ammonia gas and the hydrogen sulfide are products of anaerobic fermentation, the gas is generated a little under the condition of continuous oxygen supply fermentation, and finally, after the materials are completely decomposed, the delivered materials are completely and fully fermented, and only a light mildew taste is generated, but no pungent smell is generated.

6. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost materials after mixing is about 28:1-30:1, when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too high or too low, the growth of microorganisms is not facilitated, and the initial C/N ratio is more suitable for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the compost when the C/N ratio is 25-30; the water content of the stack is about 55-65%, the water in the fermentation product is not only a medium for the material exchange of the microorganism, but also the living environmental condition, the water content is too low, the requirement of the microorganism growth cannot be met, and the organic matter is difficult to decompose; if the water content is too high, the gaps in the material pile are easily blocked, so that the oxygen content is reduced, the pile temperature is reduced, the decomposition speed is reduced, a smelly intermediate product is formed, the water content of the tailed vegetable is generally over 90 percent, and the success cannot be realized if the tailed vegetable is only used for composting fermentation, so that the water content of the pile body can reach a proper range after the three materials in the invention are mixed according to the proportion, and the composting fermentation is facilitated.

7. According to the invention, the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the fermentation product at a specific position with turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite, so that the consumption of turfy soil can be well reduced, a good substitution effect is achieved, the seedling culture effect is very close to that of a commercially available substrate in cucumber seedling culture, and the seedling culture effect is far better than that of the commercially available substrate in tomato seedling culture, so that a good seedling culture effect can be achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 side view of air flow film composting

FIG. 2 front view of air flow film compost

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature change of compost

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change of pH of compost

FIG. 5 graph of EC value changes in compost

FIG. 6C/N ratio change of compost

FIG. 7 organic matter content change diagram in composting process

FIG. 8 germination index of compost at the end of composting

Detailed Description

Example 1

Mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue according to a weight ratio of 1:1:3, the initial C/N is about 30:1, the initial water content is adjusted to 55%, the mixture is placed into a fermentation tank, a Goll membrane is covered, aeration equipment is opened, the bottom of a pile body is aerated, the pile is not turned over in the fermentation process, and the base material of the pile body is 18m long, 5m wide and 1.9m high. Sampling in the fermentation process: sampling at positions 1.5, 4.5, 9, 13.5 and 16.5m away from the fan respectively by taking the end point close to one side of the fan as a point 0, respectively marking as A, B, C, D, E points (figure 1), taking three samples (figure 2) at each point according to the height, uniformly mixing after sampling, measuring related properties and researching the fermentation effect.

1.1 temperature Change during composting

The temperature is an important index for reflecting the composting, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the temperature of the compost starts to rise rapidly after the composting process starts, reaches 52.1 ℃ on day 3, reaches 67 ℃ on day 5, and continues to reach more than 50 ℃ for more than 20 days, so that the materials are fully fermented.

1.2 change of pH value in composting

As can be seen from fig. 4, the pH values at A, B, C, which are close to the aeration device, rise from 6.98 to 7.70, from 6.98 to 7.71, and from 7.12 to 7.79, respectively, and the pH values at D, E, which are far from the aeration device, rise to 7.82 from 7.26, and 7.38 to 7.6, respectively, with slightly smaller magnitudes.

1.3 change in EC values during composting

FIG. 5 shows the EC values at various positions in the composting process, which basically show the trend of small amplitude rise, small amplitude fall and stable trend, the EC values at various positions are increased slightly from the beginning at the end of the composting, the rising amplitude of the position E is the largest and is increased from 2.15ms/cm to 3.24ms/cm, and the EC value at the position is slightly higher than that at other positions.

1.4C/N ratio Change during composting

As can be seen from FIG. 6, the C/N ratio of the compost body always shows a decreasing trend in the composting process, and the C/N ratios of the A, B, C, D, E five positions are respectively decreased to 11.45, 10.8, 11.36, 13.23 and 11.24 by the end of the composting process, and the C/N ratios of the compost body are respectively decreased by 60.02%, 64.03%, 59.69%, 53.51% and 59.33% at the beginning of the composting process.

1.5 organic matter content Change during composting

As can be seen from FIG. 7, the organic matter content at each position in the composting process is reduced to a certain extent, wherein the organic matter content at the sampling point farthest from the fan is reduced to the maximum extent by 17.86%.

1.6 Germination Index (GI) of compost pile at the end of composting

The germination index GI of the seeds can effectively reflect the quality of compost products, small molecular organic acids, phenols and other toxic and harmful substances for inhibiting the germination of the seeds in the completely decomposed compost products are less, the plant seeds can germinate smoothly, and the germination index of the seeds of the incompletely decomposed compost products is lower. As can be seen from fig. 8, at the end of composting, the germination indexes of the decomposed fertilizer at each position were 102.8%, 89.3%, 98.0%, 82.4%, and 85.5%, respectively, and all reached 80% or more, indicating that the fertilizer was completely decomposed.

1.7 changes in the relative content of Total Nitrogen, Total phosphorus and Total Potassium during composting

As can be seen from Table 1, the nutrient content in each position is increased in the composting process, and the total nutrient content of the fertilizers in the positions A-E reaches 5.31%, 5.2%, 5.27%, 4.94% and 4.83% respectively at the end of composting.

TABLE 1 relative nutrient content change in composting (%)

Example 2

The formula of the seedling substrate comprises:

1-1: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: point a aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 5:25:10: 10.

1-2: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: point a aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 15:15:10: 10.

1-3: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: point a aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 25:5:10: 10.

1-4: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: point a aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 30:0:10: 10.

1-5: and 50 parts of fertilizer is applied to the point A and directly used as a seedling culture substrate.

2-1: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: b, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 5:25:10: 10.

2-2: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: b, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 15:15:10: 10.

2-3: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: b, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 25:5:10: 10.

2-4: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: b, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 30:0:10: 10.

2-5: and 50 parts of fertilizer is added at the B point and directly used as a seedling culture substrate.

3-1: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: c, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 5:25:10: 10.

3-2: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: c, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 15:15:10: 10.

3-3: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: c, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 25:5:10: 10.

3-4: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: c, aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 30:0:10: 10.

3-5: and C, 50 parts of fertilizer is directly used as a seedling culture substrate.

4-1: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: d, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 5:25:10: 10.

4-2: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: d, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 15:15:10: 10.

4-3: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: d, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 25:5:10: 10. The pH value of the seedling substrate is 8.07, the EC value is 1402us/cm, and the volume weight is 0.335g/cm³The total porosity was 67.07%.

4-4: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: d, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 30:0:10: 10.

4-5: and D, adding 50 parts of fertilizer to directly serve as a seedling culture substrate.

5-1: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: e, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 5:25:10: 10.

5-2: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: e, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 15:15:10: 10.

5-3: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: e, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 25:5:10: 10.

5-4: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: e, point aerobic fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 30:0:10: 10.

5-5: and E, adding 50 parts of fertilizer to the fertilizer, and directly using the fertilizer as a seedling culture substrate.

6-1: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: raw materials which are not subjected to decomposition and fermentation (prepared by mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residues according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 3) are turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 5:25:10: 10.

6-2: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: raw materials which are not subjected to decomposition fermentation (prepared by mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 3) are as follows: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 15:15:10: 10.

6-3: a seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in volume ratio: raw materials which are not subjected to decomposition fermentation (prepared by mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 3) are as follows: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite is 25:5:10: 10.

6-4: 50 parts of raw materials which are not subjected to decomposition fermentation (prepared by mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residues according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 3) are directly used as seedling culture substrates.

Control group:

a commercially available seedling substrate is produced by Huaian Chaihei agricultural science and technology company.

Effect example 1

The formula is used for cucumber seedling culture, and the seedling culture parameters of the cucumber are measured after 30 days, as shown in the following table.

TABLE 1A seedling raising effect of cucumber with decomposed material

TABLE 2 seedling raising effect of cucumber with decomposed material at B point

TABLE 3C seedling raising effect of cucumber with decomposed material

TABLE 4D cucumber seedling raising effect of decomposed material

TABLE 5E seedling raising effect of cucumber with decomposed material

TABLE 6 seedling raising effect of unripe raw material cucumber

The evaluation is carried out on the aspects of plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight of overground part, dry weight of overground part, emergence rate and the like, and firstly, the unripe raw materials are directly used as seedling culture substrates and are not mixed with materials such as vermiculite, perlite and the like, so that the cucumber growth condition is worst; in each formula, the cucumber grows most vigorously when the mixture ratio is 25 parts of fertilizer, 5 parts of turfy soil, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite, and in the mixture ratio, 4-3 in the mixture ratio 4 is obviously higher than other formulas and is also the mixture ratio closest to a control group.

Example 2

The formula is used for tomato seedling culture, and the seedling culture parameters of the tomatoes are measured after 30 days, and are shown in the following table.

TABLE 7A seedling raising effect of rotten material tomato

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (mm)	Fresh weight of overground part (g)	Rate of emergence (%)
					1-1	5.15±0.78	2.18±0.18	0.64±0.01	50
1-2	5.53±0.64	1.94±0.32	0.51±0.04	50
					1-3	5.95±0.76	2.31±0.29	0.76±0.08	91.67
1-4	3.50±1.57	1.43±0.63	0.26±0.13	25
					1-5	4.27±0.56	1.58±0.31	0.26±0.02	75
Control group	4.83±1.36	2.17±0.38	0.82±0.15	33.3

TABLE 8 seedling raising effect of tomato with decomposed material at B point

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (mm)	Fresh weight of overground part (g)	Rate of emergence (%)
					2-1	5.40±1.08	2.01±0.20	0.57±0.02	50
2-2	5.83±1.16	2.13±0.29	0.78±0.02	91.67
					2-3	6.96±0.99	2.75±0.46	1.18±0.08	100
2-4	7.85±1.08	1.74±0.77	0.78±0.11	50
					2-5	6.04±0.56	1.87±0.24	0.46±0.02	58.33
Control group	4.83±1.36	2.17±0.38	0.82±0.15	33.3

TABLE 9C seedling raising effect of rotten material tomato

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (mm)	Fresh weight of overground part (g)	Rate of emergence (%)
					3-1	5.55±0.94	1.93±0.36	0.61±0.06	50
3-2	5.90±1.18	1.93±0.16	0.64±0.02	75
					3-3	5.99±0.92	2.01±0.36	0.65±0.01	83.33
3-4	6.33±0.45	1.82±0.87	0.42±0.11	66.67
					3-5	5.14±0.97	1.84±0.35	0.48±0.02l	75
Control group	4.83±1.36	2.17±0.38	0.82±0.15	33.3

TABLE 10D tomato seedling Effect of decomposed material

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (mm)	Fresh weight of overground part (g)	Rate of emergence (%)
					4-1	6.07±0.40	2.07±0.38	0.72±0.08	25
4-2	5.83±0.80	2.08±0.41	0.70±0.01	83.33
					4-3	6.13±0.60	2.24±0.30	0.78±0.02	100
4-4	5.53±1.68	1.37±0.51	0.36±0.10	91.67
					4-5	5.45±0.65	2.02±0.26	0.80±0.01	91.67
Control group	4.83±1.36	2.17±0.38	0.82±0.15	33.3

TABLE 11E seedling Effect of rotten materials tomato

TABLE 12 seedling Effect of raw unripe tomato

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Stem diameter (mm)	Fresh weight of overground part (g)	Rate of emergence (%)
					6-1	4.10±0.67	1.62±0.30	0.33±0.02	83.33
6-2	5.23±0.96	2.10±0.47	0.60±0.10	83.33
					6-3	5.69±0.89	2.22±0.29	0.69±0.07	75
6-4	5.60±0.68	2.10±0.41	1.34±0.04	66.67
					Control group	4.83±1.36	2.17±0.38	0.82±0.15	33.3

Tables 7-12 show the seedling raising effect of various formulas when used for raising the seedlings of tomatoes, and the evaluation is carried out from the aspects of plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight of overground part, rate of emergence and the like, so that the growth conditions of the tomatoes in the test groups 1-4, 1-5 and 6-1 are obviously inferior to those of the control group, the growth conditions of the test group 5-1 and the control group are similar, and the growth conditions of other test groups are better or obviously better than those of the control group; in each formula, when the mixture ratio is 25 parts of fertilizer, 5 parts of turfy soil, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite, the tomato grows most vigorously, and in each formula, the seedling raising effect of the formula 2-3 is the best in view of all data.

Effect example 3

The physical parameters of the matrix were measured separately, as shown in the following table, from which it can be seen that the pH of the control group was 5.61, slightly acidic, and the pH of the other formulations was essentially between 7 and 9; the EC values of the formulas except 5-3, 5-4 and 5-5 are lower than those of the control group; in the cucumber seedling raising, the formula 4-3 closest to the control group is grown, the volume weight and the porosity are not greatly different from those of the control group, and the cucumber seedling raising has proper porosity, is favorable for meeting the requirements of crops on air and water, is favorable for regulating the nutrient condition and is favorable for the growth and development of the crops. The fertilizer is directly used as a formula of the seedling raising substrate, the pH is excessively low, the volume weight is obviously lower than that of a control group, and the growth and development of plants are not facilitated; the formula of the mixture ratio of the raw materials which are not decomposed is low in volume weight and porosity, and the growth requirement of crops cannot be met.

TABLE 13 physicochemical Properties of the formulations

From the data, the most preferable scheme in the application is 25 parts of fertilizer, 5 parts of turfy soil, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite at a position 4.5m away from a fan, and compared with other formulas and a control group, the formula has obvious improvement on seedling raising effects (plant height, stem thickness and biomass).

Claims

1. A method for producing a seedling substrate by airflow film fermentation of agricultural wastes from a tail vegetable source is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(2) covering a Gole film outside the strip pile, arranging a fan at one end of the strip pile, fermenting in an airflow film composting manner, wherein the pile is not turned in the connecting fermentation process, aerating at the bottom, cooling the pile body after 20 days of composting, and keeping the pile temperature above 50 ℃ for more than 20 days in the whole composting process;

(3) and after fermentation is finished, mixing the fermentation product 3-15 meters away from the fan with turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite to prepare the seedling culture substrate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the whole fermentation process is carried out without turning over the stack, and aeration is carried out at the bottom of the stack by connecting a ventilation duct laid at the bottom of the stack with a fan.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a fan with a power of 3.7kW and an aeration rate of 80000L/min is used, and the aeration frequency is self-regulated according to the temperature.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetable, vinegar residue and mushroom are mixed in a ratio of C/N (28-30):1, and the initial moisture content is adjusted to 55-65%.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the bulk base is piled up to a length of 18m, a width of 5m and a height of 1.9 m.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation product: turfy soil: vermiculite: the perlite mass ratio is 22-25:5-7:8-10:8-10, and the fermentation product is preferably: turfy soil: vermiculite: the mass ratio of the perlite is 25:5:10: 10.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:

(1) mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the waste vegetables, the vinegar residue and the mushroom residue according to a pile C/N30: 1 ratio, adjusting the initial water content to 55-65%, and then building into a strip pile shape, wherein the length of a pile base material is 18m, the width is 5m, and the height is 1.9 m;

8. A growth substrate prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. The seedling substrate as claimed in claim 8, wherein the substrate has a pH of 7.27-8.53, an EC value of 1183-2315 μ s/cm and a bulk density of 0.259-0.335g/cm³The total porosity is 60.44-67.07%.

10. Use of a seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 8 for promoting the growth and emergence of vegetables; preferably in promoting the growth and emergence of cucumber and/or tomato.