CN114409455A - Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method - Google Patents
Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114409455A CN114409455A CN202210102224.8A CN202210102224A CN114409455A CN 114409455 A CN114409455 A CN 114409455A CN 202210102224 A CN202210102224 A CN 202210102224A CN 114409455 A CN114409455 A CN 114409455A
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000244203 Caenorhabditis elegans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable waste composting treatment method, which comprises the steps of paving a shed film at the bottom of a composting pool, sequentially adding dry soil, vegetable waste and dry soil on the shed film, spraying a decomposition microbial inoculum on the vegetable waste, and reserving a space with a certain height between the top surface of the top layer of the dry soil and the top of the composting pool; then covering a greenhouse film to reduce and wet the fertilizer, then adding vegetable waste and dry soil in layers to continue reducing and wet the fertilizer, continuously repeating the step until the height is 2m above the ground, and covering the greenhouse film to continue fermentation; deeply overturning the primary retted fertilizer in a tank, combining the retted fertilizer in the retted fertilizer tank, fully stirring, and performing secondary fermentation on the incompletely decomposed part; digging out the biological fertilizer of the tailed vegetable after fermentation and decomposition, airing and crushing. According to the method, after the reduction composting is carried out, the vegetables and the soil are added layer by layer for continuous fermentation, and then the mixture is turned over deeply and mixed in the pool for secondary fermentation, so that the microbial inoculum composting effect can be maximized, the treatment capacity of the vegetables is large, the cost is low, the period is short, and the utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable waste treatment, and particularly relates to a vegetable waste wet composting treatment method.
Background
The vegetable waste, commonly called tail vegetables, refers to the waste of roots, stems, leaves, fruits and the like generated in the processes of harvesting, circulating, selling and the like of fresh vegetables and the leftovers which can not be transported and sold due to seasonal vegetable price fluctuation, and the generated amount accounts for more than 35 percent of the vegetable yield. In 2020, the vegetable planting area in the Dengxi city reaches 80 ten thousand mu, and the production amount of the tail vegetables reaches 95 ten thousand tons. Due to the restriction of technical and economic conditions, the tail vegetables are accumulated in the places such as the ground, the ditches, the roadside and the farmer markets in the rural areas in large quantity and are not fully utilized. The rotten and deteriorated tailstocks pollute air, surface water, underground water and the like, and influence the body health of surrounding residents.
At present, the treatment of the waste vegetables is mainly based on direct returning to fields and feed, the direct returning to fields has the risks of yield reduction and quality deterioration, the feed cost is high, the treatment difficulty is high, and the waste vegetables are not easy to accept by the masses. The fertilizer treatment of the tailed vegetable can achieve the effects of changing waste into valuable, improving soil and fertilizing soil fertility. Not only can improve the quality of agricultural products, but also can reduce the using amount of chemical fertilizers and the investment of agricultural production, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing consumption, improving quality and increasing efficiency. Meanwhile, a large amount of beneficial microbial floras are supplemented for the soil, and a persistent and stable organic fertilizer is brought to the farmland soil, so that the farmland soil quality is kept in virtuous circle and sustainable utilization, and the improvement of the crop yield and the crop quality are facilitated. Based on the above, the invention provides a vegetable waste fertilizing treatment technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the background art, the present invention provides a method for retting vegetable waste, which aims to solve the problems of the prior art in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a vegetable waste composting treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating a plurality of retting ponds, paving a shed film at the bottom of each retting pond, paving bottom layer dry soil on the shed film, pouring vegetable wastes for the first time, spraying a decomposition microbial inoculum, covering top layer dry soil, forming a reserved space with a certain height between the upper part of the top layer dry soil and the top of the retting pond, covering a polyethylene heat-preservation shed film on the top layer dry soil, and starting first reduction retting;
(2) after 2-3 days of first reduction retting, forming a certain degree of collapse on a covering layer in the retting pool, uncovering a covering shed film on the top, continuously adding a layer of vegetable waste and dry soil into the retting pool in sequence, spraying a decomposition microbial inoculum on the vegetable waste, and then covering a film to continuously perform reduction retting for 2-3 days;
(3) continuously repeating the step (2) until the vegetable waste and the dry soil are added for the last time and are 2m higher than the ground, then covering a polyethylene heat-preservation shed film, compacting the periphery with soil, and continuously fermenting for 3-4 months; meanwhile, a heat-preservation rainproof sunlight greenhouse is built above the retting pond, and the retting pond is subjected to rainproof heating;
(4) uncovering the covering shed film, digging out the biological fertilizer of the tailed vegetable, airing for 3-5 days, and grinding and crushing.
Preferably, in the step (1), the ratio of the thickness of the bottom layer of dry soil, the thickness of the first poured vegetable waste, the thickness of the top layer of dry soil and the height of the reserved space is 1: (3-4): 1: (1-1.5). Under this proportion, the reduction retting degree of vegetables discarded object is the biggest, can ensure simultaneously that the not infiltration of moisture in the tail dish can not.
Preferably, after the step (3), uncovering the covering shed film, and for the part which is not completely fermented and decomposed, further deeply overturning the primary retted fertilizer in the retted fertilizer pool, combining the primary retted fertilizer in the retted fertilizer pool, fully stirring, covering the polyethylene shed film for secondary fermentation, continuing retting for 3-4 months, and then performing a drying process.
Compared with the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, a large retting pond with the width of 3 meters, the depth of 2 meters, the length of 100 meters and the volume of 600 cubic meters is adopted, firstly, the first reduction retting is carried out according to a mode of 'one layer of soil + one layer of tail vegetable + one layer of soil', then, the reduction retting is repeatedly carried out for a plurality of times according to the mode of 'one layer of tail vegetable + one layer of soil', and then, the fermentation is carried out, so that the tail vegetable and the soil are fully mixed and completely fermented, the retting effect of a microbial inoculum can be fully exerted, the treatment amount of the tail vegetable is large, and the retting process can maximally reach the reduction target.
(2) And a greenhouse film is laid at the bottom of the retting pond, so that the moisture of the rape can not seep downwards in the reduction treatment process of the rape, and the ecological environment of the lower layer of soil is protected.
(3) The vegetable waste composting treatment method is simple and easy to implement, low in cost, short in period, high in utilization rate and easy to accept by the masses.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
1. Excavating a plurality of retting ponds, wherein the retting ponds are 3m wide, 2m deep and 100m long; every retting fertile bottom of the pool is laid thick 1.6mm canopy membrane and is carried out anti-seepage treatment, the thick dry loess of 30cm of bedding on it, then pour into the vegetables discarded object for the first time, thickness is about 100cm (about 200 tons), about 40kg of the decomposition microbial inoculum of this project group self-developed with the special spraying car spraying of microbial inoculum, cover thick 30cm dry loess again, this layer of loess top surface is apart from about 40cm at the top of the retting fertile pond, cover polyethylene heat preservation canopy membrane on the dry soil in top layer, begin the decrement retting fertilizer for the first time.
2. After 2-3 days of first reduction composting, the dried loess on the upper layer and the lower layer absorbs a large amount of moisture under the action of the decomposition microbial inoculum, the water content of the tail vegetable is reduced to about 25-45%, and the covering layer is greatly collapsed.
3. Uncovering the covering greenhouse film, pouring vegetable wastes into the retting pond for the second time, spraying a decomposition microbial inoculum when the thickness is about 100cm, covering dry loess with the thickness of 30cm, and covering a film for continuously reducing the retting for 2-3 days; the step is repeated continuously according to a mode of 'one layer of tail vegetables and one layer of soil' to carry out the reduction retting till the vegetable wastes and the dry soil are added for the last time and then are 2m higher than the ground, so that the reduction retting can be carried out for about 10 times, and each retting pond can process about 2000 tons of tail vegetables once. Covering with polyethylene film, and compacting with soil to prevent rain water from permeating.
4. Building a heat-preservation rainproof sunlight greenhouse above the retting pond, and performing rainproof heating on the retting pond; especially the vegetable waste above the ground at the top of the retting tank, the temperature and the moisture of the vegetable waste are guaranteed, the temperature is guaranteed to reach the standard of the retting of the biological fertilizer, and the retting process is not affected by the external moisture.
5. And after pouring vegetable wastes for the last time and starting retting, lasting for 3-4 months, uncovering the covering shed film, deeply overturning the primary retted fertilizers in the retting ponds by utilizing tools such as an excavator, combining the primary retted fertilizers in the retting ponds, combining the retted fertilizers in the three retting ponds into the two retting ponds, fully stirring, performing secondary fermentation on the part which is not completely fermented and thoroughly decomposed, and continuing retting for 3-4 months.
6. Uncovering the covering shed film, digging out the biological fertilizer of the tailed vegetable by using a machine such as an excavator, airing (the color is black brown and has no pungent smell) for 3 to 5 days, and rolling by using the machine until the large fertilizer is crushed.
7. The rolled bio-fertilizer is subjected to a preliminary screening operation (to screen out impurities) and repeatedly crushed without complete crushing until all the fertilizer is completely crushed (particle size not greater than 0.5 cm).
8, piling and piling the crushed biological fertilizer according to the width of 200cm multiplied by the height of 150cm, covering a polyethylene greenhouse film to prevent rainwater from permeating, and taking and returning to the field at any time according to planting needs.
The detection proves that the retted tailvegetable biological fertilizer has good effect, wherein the pH value is 8.05, the total nitrogen is 1.51 g/kg, the available phosphorus is 71.8mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 1393mg/kg, the content of escherichia coli is less than 3.0/g, and roundworm eggs are not detected. According to calculation, the average cost for treating 1 ton of tail vegetables is 20 yuan, and 200 kg of organic fertilizer can be retted for each ton of tail vegetables. The project is a civil environment-friendly project, and has the advantages of simple and easy processing mode, low cost, short period, high utilization rate and easy acceptance by the masses.
The method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out first-time reduction and composting by adopting a mode of 'one-layer soil + one-layer vegetable and one-layer soil', then repeatedly carrying out reduction and composting for many times by adopting a mode of 'one-layer vegetable + one-layer soil', and then carrying out secondary fermentation after deeply turning over a pool for mixing. Compared with direct fermentation, the method has the advantages that firstly, the treatment capacity can be increased by about 5 times; secondly, the infiltration of water in the tail vegetables can be reduced to a great extent, and the soil is ensured not to be polluted; and thirdly, the full mixing of the tailstocks and the microbial inoculum can be furthest ensured, the fermentation efficiency is improved, the fermentation time is saved, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved.
The biological organic fertilizer is applied to soil, so that the use amount of chemical fertilizers can be reduced, the production cost is reduced, the product quality is improved, and the income of vegetable growers is increased. By processing and utilizing vegetable tails, a large amount of rotten vegetable leaves are not randomly piled and placed in the field and the rural streets, the unpleasant smell discharged by long-term piling and retting of the rotten vegetable leaves is eliminated, the environmental sanitation is changed, and the rural appearance is cleaner and tidier. The implementation of the invention has very positive significance for protecting the agricultural ecological environment, improving the soil and increasing the yield and income of crops.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A vegetable waste composting treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) excavating a plurality of retting ponds, paving a shed film at the bottom of each retting pond, paving bottom layer dry soil on the shed film, pouring vegetable wastes for the first time, spraying a decomposition microbial inoculum, covering top layer dry soil, forming a reserved space with a certain height between the upper part of the top layer dry soil and the top of the retting pond, covering a polyethylene heat-preservation shed film on the top layer dry soil, and starting first reduction retting;
(2) after 2-3 days of first reduction retting, forming a certain degree of collapse on a covering layer in the retting pool, uncovering a covering shed film on the top, continuously adding a layer of vegetable waste and dry soil into the retting pool in sequence, spraying a decomposition microbial inoculum on the vegetable waste, and then covering a film to continuously perform reduction retting for 2-3 days;
(3) continuously repeating the step (2) until the vegetable waste and the dry soil are added for the last time and are 2m higher than the ground, then covering a polyethylene heat-preservation shed film, compacting the periphery with soil, and continuously fermenting for 3-4 months; meanwhile, a heat-preservation rainproof sunlight greenhouse is built above the retting pond, and the retting pond is subjected to rainproof heating;
(4) uncovering the covering shed film, digging out the biological fertilizer of the tailed vegetable, airing for 3-5 days, and grinding and crushing.
2. A vegetable waste retting process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step (1), the ratio of the thickness of the bottom layer of dry soil, the thickness of the first vegetable waste poured, the thickness of the top layer of dry soil and the height of the reserved space is 1: (3-4): 1: (1-1.5).
3. A vegetable waste retting process as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, after step (3), the steps of: uncover the cover canopy membrane, retting the primary retting fertilizer in the fertile pond and carry out dark turnover pond, combine the primary retting fertilizer in the fertile pond of retting, after the intensive mixing, cover the polyethylene canopy membrane and carry out secondary fermentation, continue to retting 3-4 months.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210102224.8A CN114409455A (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210102224.8A CN114409455A (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method |
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| CN114409455A true CN114409455A (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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| CN202210102224.8A Pending CN114409455A (en) | 2022-01-27 | 2022-01-27 | Vegetable waste wet composting treatment method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114946310A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-30 | 兰州大学 | Method for improving low-quality loess by returning high-volume waste vegetables to field |
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| CN114946310A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-30 | 兰州大学 | Method for improving low-quality loess by returning high-volume waste vegetables to field |
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