CN112931145A - Substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in Gobi region and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in Gobi region and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931145A CN112931145A CN202110188701.2A CN202110188701A CN112931145A CN 112931145 A CN112931145 A CN 112931145A CN 202110188701 A CN202110188701 A CN 202110188701A CN 112931145 A CN112931145 A CN 112931145A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in Gobi areas and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation substrates. The substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation comprises corn straws, cow dung, mushroom dregs and desert sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:2:2.5: 1.5. The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: fermenting and decomposing; crushing; sieving; compounding; sterilizing; and (6) adjusting. The invention has the advantages of local material taking, convenient operation, realization of resource utilization of waste, pollution reduction, cost reduction, rich nutrition of the matrix, low price, simple preparation and convenient popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable culture media, and particularly relates to a medium for greenhouse vegetable culture in Gobi regions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The vegetables are important agricultural products essential for urban and rural residents to live, and the cultivation technology of the vegetables has a vital influence on the yield and quality of the vegetables. The traditional vegetable cultivation method adopts soil to directly cultivate, has strong dependence on cultivated land, and chemical fertilizer applied in cultivation easily causes groundwater pollution and soil hardening due to leaching effect, and causes serious soil-borne diseases in a greenhouse. In recent years, soilless culture technology is rapidly developed, particularly in arid gobi areas, gobi greenhouses are rapidly developed, the field of vegetable culture is widened by applying the soilless culture technology, the contradiction of land competition of grains and vegetables is solved, and the utilization rate of resources such as light energy, land, waste and the like is improved. Soilless culture is divided into hydroponic culture, fog (air) culture and matrix culture according to the difference of culture media. Compared with soil cultivation, the substrate cultivation has good air permeability, strong respiration, high nutrient content, can reduce plant diseases and insect pests, and can be repeatedly used. Compared with water culture and fog culture, the substrate culture has simple facilities and low investment cost. The matrix has a certain buffering effect, the formed rhizosphere environment has slow change of nutrients, moisture, pH, temperature and the like, the cultivation management is simple, and the matrix has many similarities with soil cultivation, and the cultivation technology is easy to master. Early culture media consisted primarily of peat and peat. However, this culture medium is a non-renewable resource, and excessive development has a serious influence on the balance of ecosystem and is costly. Therefore, based on the current situation of greenhouse development in the gobi region and abundant resources such as corn stalks, cow dung, mushroom dregs, river sand and the like, it is particularly important to research and develop a vegetable cultivation substrate which is suitable for local conditions, environment-friendly and economical.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a substrate for cultivating greenhouse vegetables in the Gobi region and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a substrate for cultivating greenhouse vegetables in Gobi areas is characterized in that: the substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation comprises corn straws, cow dung, mushroom dregs and desert sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:2:2.5: 1.5.
The corn straws are crushed to be 3-10 cm in particle size.
The fungus dregs are crushed to the particle size of less than or equal to 5 cm.
The particle size of the desert sand is 2-4 mm.
The preparation method of the substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Gobi area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
fermenting and decomposing: respectively fermenting and decomposing the corn straws, the cow dung and the fungus residues;
crushing: crushing the fermented and decomposed corn straws, cow dung and mushroom dregs;
sieving: directly sieving the desert sand through a sieve with sieve pores of 2-4 mm;
compounding: stacking the raw materials in a layered and interval mode according to a proportion, and turning over for 3-4 times to fully and uniformly mix the raw materials to obtain a matrix;
and (3) disinfection: diluting the mixture into 50 times of solution by using 40% formaldehyde stock solution 5-7 days before the matrix tank obtained by compounding is filled, and mixing according to the proportion of 20-40L/m3Uniformly spraying the base material by using a sprayer while stirring, covering the base material by using a plastic film for 12-24 hours after spraying, and drying the base material for 2 weeks after uncovering the film;
adjusting: adding ferrous sulfate into the substrate for adjustment to enable the pH value of the fermentation substrate to reach about 7.5, and leaching the used substrate needing to be recycled to enable the EC value to be lower than 2.6 ms/cm.
In the fermentation and decomposition process of the corn straws, urea is added into the corn straws, and C/N is adjusted to be 20: 1-25: 1, adding a microbial decomposition inoculant into the corn straws, adding water to adjust the water content of the corn straws to 60-65%, stacking the corn straws into a table-shaped stack with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and unlimited length, covering a layer of common shed film on the surface of the stack, monitoring the temperature at the position 30cm deep from the top end of the stack, turning the stack for 1 time when the temperature rises to above 60 ℃, turning and mixing for 1 time every 7 days, supplementing water to 60-65% when the water content drops below 45%, and completing fermentation when the temperature of the stack is close to the environmental temperature, the color is brown and slight grass fragrance, wherein the total time is 60-65 days.
In the cow dung fermentation and decomposition process, the water content of cow dung is adjusted to 60-65%, sundries are removed, a microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum is added into the cow dung and piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and unlimited length, a layer of common shed film covers the surface of the pile, the temperature at the position which is 30cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature rises to above 60 ℃ and is maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 5 days later, the fermentation is completed when the temperature of the pile is close to the environmental temperature and the color is browned and has slight mud fragrance, and 30-35 days are needed totally.
In the fermentation and decomposition process of the mushroom dregs, microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum is added into the mushroom dregs and piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the unlimited length, a layer of common shed film is covered on the surface of the pile, the temperature at the position which is 40cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature is increased to more than 60 ℃ and maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 6 days later, the temperature of the pile is close to the ambient temperature, the color is browned, and the fermentation is finished when the pile has slight mushroom fragrance, and the total time is 30-35 days.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has safe use, good air permeability, available local materials and convenient material acquisition, and can reduce the cost of the matrix; the invention can support the fixation of plants; has certain fertilizer and water holding capacity, good air permeability, certain chemical buffering capacity, stable hydrogen ion concentration, capacity of treating root secretion, high water, gas and nutrient ratio and rich nutrients. In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of local materials, convenient operation, realization of resource utilization of wastes, pollution reduction, cost reduction, low price, simple preparation and preparation, and convenient popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
the greenhouse vegetable cultivation medium in the Gobi area comprises corn straws, cow dung, mushroom dregs and desert sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:2:2.5: 1.5.
The corn straws are crushed to the particle size of 3 cm.
And crushing the fungus residues to the particle size of 3 cm.
The particle size of the desert sand is 2 mm.
The preparation method of the substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Gobi region comprises the following steps:
fermenting and decomposing: respectively fermenting and decomposing the corn straws, the cow dung and the fungus residues;
crushing: crushing the fermented and decomposed corn straws, cow dung and mushroom dregs;
sieving: directly sieving the desert sand by a sieve with sieve pores of 2 mm;
compounding: stacking the raw materials in layers at intervals according to a certain proportion, and turning over for 3 times to fully and uniformly mix the raw materials to obtain a matrix;
and (3) disinfection: diluting with 40% formaldehyde stock solution to 50 times of solution 5 days before loading in the matrix tank obtained by compounding, and mixing at a ratio of 20L/m3Uniformly spraying the matrix by using a sprayer while stirring, covering the matrix with a plastic film for 12 hours after spraying, and air-drying the matrix for 2 weeks after uncovering the film;
adjusting: adding ferrous sulfate into the substrate for adjustment to enable the pH value of the fermentation substrate to reach about 7.5, and leaching the used substrate needing to be recycled to enable the EC value to be lower than 2.6 ms/cm.
In the corn straw fermentation and decomposition process, 0.3 part by weight of urea is added into 15 parts by weight of corn straw, and C/N is adjusted to be 20: 1, adding 0.045 part by weight of microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum into 15 parts by weight of corn straws, adding water to adjust the water content of the corn straws to 60%, stacking the corn straws into a table-shaped stack with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the unlimited length, covering a layer of common shed film on the surface of the stack, monitoring the temperature at the position which is 30cm deep from the top end of the stack, turning the stack for 1 time when the temperature rises to above 60 ℃, turning and mixing for 1 time every 7 days, supplementing water to 60% when the water content drops below 45%, and completing fermentation when the temperature of the stack is close to the environmental temperature, the color is brown, and the stack has slight grass fragrance, wherein the total period is 60-65 days.
In the cow dung fermentation and decomposition process, the water content of cow dung is adjusted to 60%, sundries are removed, 0.105 parts of microbial decomposition microbial inoculum is added into 35 parts of cow dung by weight, the cow dung is piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the length of no limit, the surface of the pile is covered with a layer of common shed film, the temperature at the position which is 30cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature is raised to above 60 ℃ and maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 5 days later, the temperature of the pile is close to the environmental temperature, the color is browned, and the fermentation is completed when slight mud fragrance exists, and 30-35 days are needed totally.
In the fermentation and decomposition process of the mushroom dregs, 0.015 part of microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum is added into 15 parts of mushroom dregs by weight, the mushroom dregs are piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the unlimited length, a layer of common shed film covers the surface of the pile, the temperature at the position which is 40cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature is raised to be above 60 ℃ and maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 6 days, the fermentation is finished when the temperature of the pile is close to the environmental temperature, the color is browned and the mushroom fragrance is slight, and the total period is 30-35 days.
Example 2:
the greenhouse vegetable cultivation medium in the Gobi area comprises corn straws, cow dung, mushroom dregs and desert sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:2:2.5: 1.5.
The corn stalks are crushed to a grain size of 10 cm.
And crushing the fungus residues to 5cm in particle size.
The grain diameter of the desert sand is 4 mm.
The preparation method of the substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Gobi region comprises the following steps:
fermenting and decomposing: respectively fermenting and decomposing the corn straws, the cow dung and the fungus residues;
crushing: crushing the fermented and decomposed corn straws, cow dung and mushroom dregs;
sieving: directly sieving the desert sand by a sieve with 4mm sieve pores;
compounding: stacking the raw materials in layers at intervals according to a certain proportion, and turning over for 4 times to fully and uniformly mix the raw materials to obtain a matrix;
and (3) disinfection: diluting with 40% formaldehyde stock solution to 50 times of solution 7 days before loading the matrix tank obtained by compounding, and mixing at a ratio of 40L/m3Uniformly spraying the matrix by using a sprayer while stirring, covering the matrix for 24 hours by using a plastic film after spraying is finished, and drying the matrix for 2 weeks after the film is uncovered;
adjusting: adding ferrous sulfate into the substrate for adjustment to enable the pH value of the fermentation substrate to reach about 7.5, and leaching the used substrate needing to be recycled to enable the EC value to be lower than 2.6 ms/cm.
In the corn straw fermentation and decomposition process, 0.5 part by weight of urea is added into 25 parts by weight of corn straw, and C/N is adjusted to be 25:1, adding 0.075 part by weight of microbial decomposition inoculant into 25 parts by weight of corn straws, adding water to adjust the water content of the corn straws to 65%, stacking the corn straws into a table-shaped stack with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the unlimited length, covering a layer of common shed film on the surface of the stack, monitoring the temperature at the position which is 30cm deep from the top end of the stack, turning the stack for 1 time when the temperature rises to above 60 ℃, turning and mixing for 1 time every 7 days, supplementing water to 65% when the water content drops below 45%, and completing fermentation when the temperature of the stack is close to the environmental temperature, the color is brown, and slight grass fragrance exists, wherein 60-65 days are needed totally.
In the cow dung fermentation and decomposition process, the water content of cow dung is adjusted to 65%, sundries are removed, 0.135 parts of microbial decomposition microbial inoculum is added into 45 parts of cow dung by weight, the cow dung is piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the length of no limit, the surface of the pile is covered with a layer of common shed film, the temperature at the position which is 30cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature is raised to above 60 ℃ and maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 5 days later, the temperature of the pile is close to the environmental temperature, the color is browned, and the fermentation is completed when slight mud fragrance exists, and 30-35 days are needed totally.
In the fungus residue fermentation and decomposition process, 0.025 part by weight of microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum is added into 25 parts by weight of fungus residues, the fungus residues are piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the unlimited length, a layer of common shed film is covered on the surface of the pile, the temperature at the position which is 40cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature is raised to be above 60 ℃ and maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 6 days later, the fermentation is completed when the temperature of the pile is close to the environmental temperature, the color is browned and the fungus fragrance is slight, and the total time is 30-35 days.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A substrate for cultivating greenhouse vegetables in Gobi areas is characterized in that: the substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation comprises corn straws, cow dung, mushroom dregs and desert sand which are mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:2:2.5: 1.5.
2. The substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the gobi region according to claim 1, wherein: the corn straws are crushed to be 3-10 cm in particle size.
3. The substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the gobi region according to claim 2, wherein: the fungus dregs are crushed to the particle size of less than or equal to 5 cm.
4. The substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the gobi region according to claim 1, wherein: the grain diameter of the desert sand is 2-4 mm.
5. A method for preparing a substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Gobi region according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
fermenting and decomposing: respectively fermenting and decomposing the corn straws, the cow dung and the fungus residues;
crushing: crushing the fermented and decomposed corn straws, cow dung and mushroom dregs;
sieving: sieving the desert sand by a sieve of 2-4 mm;
compounding: stacking the raw materials in layers at intervals according to a proportion, and turning over for 3-4 times to fully and uniformly mix the raw materials;
and (3) disinfection: diluting the mixture into 50 times of solution by using 40% formaldehyde stock solution 5-7 days before the matrix tank obtained by compounding is filled, and mixing according to the proportion of 20-40L/m3Uniformly spraying the base material by using a sprayer while stirring, covering the base material by using a plastic film for 12-24 hours after spraying, and drying the base material for 2 weeks after uncovering the film;
adjusting: adding ferrous sulfate into the substrate for adjustment to enable the pH value of the fermentation substrate to reach about 7.5, and leaching the used substrate needing to be recycled to enable the EC value to be lower than 2.6 ms/cm.
6. The method for producing a substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Gobi region according to claim 5, wherein: in the fermentation and decomposition process of the corn straws, urea is added into the corn straws, and C/N is adjusted to be 20: 1-25: 1, adding a microbial decomposition inoculant into the corn straws, adding water to adjust the water content of the corn straws to 60-65%, stacking the corn straws into a table-shaped stack with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and unlimited length, covering a layer of common shed film on the surface of the stack, monitoring the temperature at the position 30cm deep from the top end of the stack, turning the stack for 1 time when the temperature rises to above 60 ℃, turning and mixing for 1 time every 7 days, supplementing water to 60-65% when the water content drops below 45%, and completing fermentation when the temperature of the stack is close to the environmental temperature, the color is brown and slight grass fragrance, wherein the total time is 60-65 days.
7. The method for producing a substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Gobi region according to claim 5, wherein: in the cow dung fermentation and decomposition process, the water content of cow dung is adjusted to 60-65%, sundries are removed, a microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum is added into the cow dung and piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and unlimited length, a layer of common shed film covers the surface of the pile, the temperature at the position which is 30cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature rises to above 60 ℃ and is maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 5 days later, the fermentation is completed when the temperature of the pile is close to the environmental temperature and the color is browned and has slight mud fragrance, and 30-35 days are needed totally.
8. The method for producing a substrate for greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Gobi region according to claim 5, wherein: in the fermentation and decomposition process of the mushroom dregs, microorganism decomposition microbial inoculum is added into the mushroom dregs and piled into a table-shaped pile with the height of 1.2m, the bottom width of 3m, the top width of 2m and the unlimited length, a layer of common shed film is covered on the surface of the pile, the temperature at the position which is 40cm deep from the top end of the pile is monitored, the temperature is increased to more than 60 ℃ and maintained for 48 hours, the pile is turned for 1 time every 6 days later, the temperature of the pile is close to the ambient temperature, the color is browned, and the fermentation is finished when the pile has slight mushroom fragrance, and the total time is 30-35 days.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113880621A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-04 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for preparing vegetable culture medium by eggplant straws |
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