CN104387187A - Special matrix for growing seedlings of tomatoes - Google Patents
Special matrix for growing seedlings of tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104387187A CN104387187A CN201410646863.6A CN201410646863A CN104387187A CN 104387187 A CN104387187 A CN 104387187A CN 201410646863 A CN201410646863 A CN 201410646863A CN 104387187 A CN104387187 A CN 104387187A
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- matrix
- perlite
- vermiculite
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special matrix for growing seedlings of tomatoes, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The matrix comprises an organic mixture, vermiculite, turf, plant ashes, perlite and inorganic fertilizers such as a little of ammonium sulfate-nitrate, potassium chloride and monoammonium phosphate, wherein the organic mixture is prepared from acid-sludge and manioc waste by fermentation treatment; the volume ratio of the components, namely the organic mixture to the turf to the perlite to the vermiculite to the plant ashes in the matrix formula is (6-8) to (2-3) to (1-2) to (4-5) to (4-5); and the seedling matrix also contains 0-0.6kg/m<3> of ammonium sulfate-nitrate, 0-0.3kg/m<3> of potassium chloride and 0-0.2kg/m<3> of monoammonium phosphate. A soilless culture seedling matrix is produced by the organic wastes such as acid-sludge and manioc waste as raw materials by high-temperature rotten fermentation; waste is turned into treasure; the harm is turned into good; and the special matrix is low in cost, light in texture, and complete in nutrient, and is a good special seedling matrix for soilless cultivation of tomatoes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of melon and fruit soilless culture substrate, particularly relate to a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate, belong to cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Soilless culture, refers to the method for carrying out arable farming and nursery without natural soil by matrix etc., is mainly used in gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock production, is the advanced cultivation technique of high yield and high quality that a water-saving economizes fertile saving of labor again.
Substrate culture is a kind of mode that in soilless culture, popularizing area is maximum.It is fixed in the matrix of organic or inorganic by the root system of crop, by the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation, and supply crop alimentary liquid.Current countries in the world great majority adopt gravel, sand, mud (grass) charcoal, vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. as fixing matrix.
Along with applying of cultivation technique without soil, the demand of matrix is increasing, the enterprise specializing in matrix production also arises at the historic moment, the kind of matrix is also more and more abundanter, present sectionalization gradually, the development trend of customizations, current topmost matrix species is divided into seedling medium and cultivation matrix two kinds, seedling medium is divided into again the special seedling medium of vegetables, the special seedling medium of melon and fruit, the segmentation such as raising rice seedlings dedicated substrate and the special nursery of flower plants and nursery stock (cuttage) matrix type, seedling medium is the dedicated substrate according to root as vegetative organ required nutrition and physico chemical factor preparation, at present, the nutritious soil of most widely used soilless culture seedling medium in horticultural production, vermiculite, perlite, peat and water etc., and it is nutritious, taking root property is good, the tomato seedling dedicated substrate that surviving rate is high has not yet to see open report.
The tankage of acid-sludge (grain) Shi Zhi vinegar enterprise, account for greatly the 70-80% of vinegar raw material processed, be it be the residue filtered after vinegar fermentation processed by raw materials such as glutinous rice, wheat bran, rice chaffs, nutrition is also abundanter, owing to containing more organic acid and microorganism in fresh acid-sludge, not resistance toly to deposit, stored for a long time perishable rotten, contaminate environment; Add that its fibre content is many, energy efficiency is low, and EC value is high, and quantity is large, and tart flavour is dense, becomes the organic waste that Zhi Cu enterprise is difficult to digestion process.Manioc waste take cassava as the organic waste of waste alcohol.Permanent suitable vinegar industry is a large-scale Zhi Cu enterprise of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, and annual production reaches 180,000 tons, and the quantum of output of acid-sludge is just more than 100,000 tons.Chinese patent CN 1394469A discloses the patent application scheme of Jiangsu University Li Ping duckweed " with vinegar grain for raw material production botanical seedling culturing and the matrix of cultivating and manufacture method ", and specifically disclose and add effective microbe, chicken manure and flyash with the vinegar of water content about 70% grain raw material, stir laggard row fermentation reactor system, and cover water-proof heat-insulation material.Chinese patent CN 101811911A discloses the patent application scheme that Zhenjiang Heng Xin fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. leaf has big grade " a kind of greening matrix and production technique thereof utilizing the production of vinegar grain "; and specifically disclose with vinegar grain, plant ash as raw material; by fermentation; add 6-8% vermiculite again, the perlite of 10-15, the mushroom slag of 15-20% carry out Secondary Fermentation; obtain organic content and be not less than 50%, EC value 1-3, pH5.5-6.5; ventilative space 25%, the particle matrix in water holding space 50%.Document retrieval finds, the tomato seedling dedicated substrate being main material production with organic compound of acid-sludge, manioc waste fermentation is domestic there is not yet relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical scheme of the tomato seedling dedicated substrate that a kind of organic compound fermented with acid-sludge, manioc waste is main raw material is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in the following ways:
A kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
The mixture of process that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste organic waste becomes thoroughly decomposed by fermentation, acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:1-2; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
In this substrate formula component, the volume ratio of organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash is: 6-8:2-3:1-2:4-5:4-5; Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0-0.6kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0-0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0-0.2 kg/m
3.
This water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content 1-5%, unit weight 0.2-0.6g/cm
3, total porosity 60-80%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 1-3.5mS/cm, pH5.5-7.5.
Described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation to acid-sludge, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 150m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20-30kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
Organic compound in described seedling medium formula: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 6:3:1:5:5.
Organic compound in described seedling medium formula: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 8:2:1:4:5.
Organic compound in described seedling medium formula: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the preferred volume ratio of plant ash is 7:2:2:5:4.
This water content of substrate 33%, organic content (butt) 24%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3.5%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3, total porosity 70%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 2mS/cm, pH6.8.
Described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o; The described fermentative processing composting time is 30-50 days.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is directed to the feature that acid-sludge organic acid content is high, use the higher plant ash of alkalescence to be auxiliary material, not only can reduce the potential of hydrogen of matrix, and plant ash potassium content is higher, also have abundant trace element, be well suited for vegetable seedling growth.
2, acid-sludge, manioc waste etc. are the organic wastes of light industry, and quantity is many, and purposes is few, for the production of soilless culture substrate, can reduce environmental pollution, turn waste into wealth, turn harm into good.
3, the tomato seedling dedicated substrate of the present invention's production, having loose ventilative, preserve moisture and fertility, can be widely used in the tomato seedling of peasant household or nursery.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, this embodiment should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
embodiment 1:
A kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate, the main raw material of this matrix is the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste, and the volume ratio of acid-sludge and manioc waste is 1:1.5.
The homemade organic materials high temperature quick rotting agent be made up of actinomycetes, yeast, milk-acid bacteria, genus bacillus etc. of prepared using carries out fermentation maturity process, quick rotting agent bacteria containing amount 1.5 hundred million units/gram, and wherein actinomycetes account for about 60%; Quick rotting agent consumption is that every 150m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 25kg.Fermentation time about 40 days, the auxiliary materials such as vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, plant ash are added, organic compound in substrate formula component: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the preferred volume ratio of plant ash is 7:2:2:5:4 after the organic compound drying grinding and processing fermented.Raw and auxiliary material stirs, by every m
3matrix adds ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.3kg, Repone K 0.15 kg, monoammonium phosphate 0.1 kg, then the finished product matrix that just formation tomato seedling is special that stirs.This water content of substrate about 33%, organic content (butt) about 24%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content about 3.5%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3left and right, total porosity about 70%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) about about 2mS/cm, pH6.8.
embodiment 2:
A kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
Described organic compound be the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation process mixture, acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:1; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
Organic compound in described tomato seedling substrate formula: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 6:3:1:5:5; Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.6kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2 kg/m
3.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste mixture processes by fermentation; Described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent to acid-sludge, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 150m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20kg; The fermentative processing composting time is 50 days.
This water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content 1%, unit weight 0.2g/cm
3, total porosity 60%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 1mS/cm, pH5.5.
embodiment 3:
A kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
Described organic compound be the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation process mixture, acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:2; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
Organic compound in described tomato seedling substrate recipe ingredient: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 8:2:1:4:5.Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.6kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0.2kg/m
3.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste mixture processes by fermentation; Described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent to acid-sludge, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 150m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 30kg; The fermentative processing composting time is 30 days.
This water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content about 5%, unit weight 0.6g/cm
3left and right, total porosity about 80%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) about 3.5mS/cm, pH7.5.
embodiment 4:
A kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate, the main raw material of this matrix is the organic waste such as acid-sludge, manioc waste, and the volume ratio of acid-sludge and manioc waste is 1:1.5.
Prepared using EM microbial preparation carries out fermentation maturity process, and consumption is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.Fermentation time about 40 days, the auxiliary materials such as vermiculite, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, plant ash are added, organic compound in described seedling medium recipe ingredient: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 7:2:2:5:4 after the organic compound drying grinding and processing fermented.Raw and auxiliary material stirs and namely forms the special finished product matrix of tomato seedling.Also can by every m in matrix
3matrix adds ammonium sulfate nitrate 0.3kg, Repone K 0.15 kg, and monoammonium phosphate 0.10 kg adds a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.This water content of substrate about 33%, organic content (butt) about 24%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content about 3.5%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3left and right, total porosity about 70%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) about about 2mS/cm, pH6.8.
different substrates simultaneous test:
Adopt the matrix of embodiment 1 to be used for tomato seedling, compare other matrix at percentage of germination, seedling rate, on seedling vigorous index and other physical and chemical indexs, comprise unit weight, porosity, the growth of the most applicable all tomato seedling such as pH value, water content, EC value, particle diameter.Simultaneous test sees attached list 1.
subordinate list 1: different composite matrix carries out the effect comparison table of tomato seedling
test site:auspicious capital, Zhenjiang agriculture park training flower bud based assays Demonstration Base
test kind:catherine
test method:hoted water treatment of seeds by tomato seeds, then put into illumination box vernalization, select after 3d and germinate consistent planting seed in 50 hole dishes, one, every cave, each process one is coiled, and repeat for 5 times, completely random arranges, and conventional seedbed system manages.Tomato seedling four leaf wholeheartedly time, often process choose the mensuration that 10 consistent strain seedling of growth potential carry out indices.
Note: T4 is tomato seedling dedicated substrate of the present invention.
Table 1 can be found out, the tomato seedling dedicated substrate described in embodiment 1, and most of index is all a little more than other matrix, and test shows, the tomato seedling dedicated substrate of embodiment 1 has good result of use.
Claims (10)
1. a tomato seedling dedicated substrate, is characterized in that: this matrix comprises organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash and a small amount of inorganic fertilizer.
2. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mixture that described organic compound is acid-sludge, manioc waste organic waste processes by fermentation, acid-sludge, manioc waste volume ratio are 1:1-2; Described inorganic fertilizer comprises ammonium sulfate nitrate, Repone K, monoammonium phosphate.
3. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in this substrate formula component, the volume ratio of organic compound, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, plant ash is: 6-8:2-3:1-2:4-5:4-5; Also containing ammonium sulfate nitrate 0-0.6kg/m in described seedling medium
3, Repone K 0-0.3 kg/m
3, monoammonium phosphate 0-0.2 kg/m
3.
4. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this water content of substrate≤50%, organic content (butt)>=20%, total nutrient content 1-5%, unit weight 0.2-0.6g/cm
3, total porosity 60-80%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 1-3.5mS/cm, pH5.5-7.5.
5. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described fermentative processing carries out decomposition reactor system process with high temperature quick rotting agent or EM microbial preparation to acid-sludge, manioc waste; The consumption of described high temperature quick rotting agent is that every 150m3 raw material adds quick rotting agent 20-30kg; The consumption of described EM microbial preparation is that every 100m3 raw material adds EM stoste 1-2kg.
6. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: organic compound in described seedling medium formula: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 6:3:1:5:5.
7. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: organic compound in described seedling medium formula: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 8:2:1:4:5.
8. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: organic compound in described seedling medium formula: the peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite: the volume ratio of plant ash is 7:2:2:5:4.
9. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 1 and 4, is characterized in that: this water content of substrate 33%, organic content (butt) 24%, N+P
2o
5+ K
2o total nutrient content 3.5%, unit weight 0.4g/cm
3, total porosity 70%, EC value (1:5 lixiviate) 2mS/cm, pH6.8.
10. a kind of tomato seedling dedicated substrate according to claim 4 and 5, is characterized in that: described total nutrient is N+P
2o
5+ K
2o; The described fermentative processing decomposition reactor system time is 30-50 days.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410646863.6A CN104387187A (en) | 2014-11-16 | 2014-11-16 | Special matrix for growing seedlings of tomatoes |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410646863.6A CN104387187A (en) | 2014-11-16 | 2014-11-16 | Special matrix for growing seedlings of tomatoes |
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| CN104387187A true CN104387187A (en) | 2015-03-04 |
Family
ID=52605166
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105130529A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Tomato seedling breeding substrate |
| CN105684781A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-22 | 韦永梁 | Tomato seedling growing medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105706882A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-06-29 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Tomato seedling raising medium |
| CN107827531A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-23 | 江苏培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | A kind of tomato organic farming composite interstitial substance |
| CN108174647A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of winter Crops ' |
| CN108617462A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-10-09 | 广西正匠农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tomato seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN111149654A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-15 | 山东农业大学 | Culture medium taking cassava residues as raw materials and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111466283A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-31 | 宁夏大学 | High-sugar high-flavor tomato water culture cultivation method |
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| JPH05227836A (en) * | 1992-02-17 | 1993-09-07 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | Granular culture soil for agriculture and horticulture |
| CN102432394A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-05-02 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables |
| CN102992840A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-03-27 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special seedling medium for solanaceous vegetables |
| CN103011946A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-04-03 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Seedling growing matrix special for melons |
| CN103570475A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-12 | 南京农业大学 | Vegetable seedling raising nutritional matrix formula |
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2014
- 2014-11-16 CN CN201410646863.6A patent/CN104387187A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05227836A (en) * | 1992-02-17 | 1993-09-07 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | Granular culture soil for agriculture and horticulture |
| CN102432394A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-05-02 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Seedling substrate for soilless culture for vegetables |
| CN102992840A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-03-27 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Special seedling medium for solanaceous vegetables |
| CN103011946A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-04-03 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Seedling growing matrix special for melons |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105130529A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Tomato seedling breeding substrate |
| CN105684781A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-22 | 韦永梁 | Tomato seedling growing medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105706882A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-06-29 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Tomato seedling raising medium |
| CN105706882B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | tomato seedling substrate |
| CN107827531A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-23 | 江苏培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | A kind of tomato organic farming composite interstitial substance |
| CN108174647A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of winter Crops ' |
| CN108617462A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-10-09 | 广西正匠农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tomato seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN111149654A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-15 | 山东农业大学 | Culture medium taking cassava residues as raw materials and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111466283A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-31 | 宁夏大学 | High-sugar high-flavor tomato water culture cultivation method |
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