CN102584461A - Soilless culture matrix of greenhouse vegetables and application - Google Patents
Soilless culture matrix of greenhouse vegetables and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN102584461A CN102584461A CN2012100524027A CN201210052402A CN102584461A CN 102584461 A CN102584461 A CN 102584461A CN 2012100524027 A CN2012100524027 A CN 2012100524027A CN 201210052402 A CN201210052402 A CN 201210052402A CN 102584461 A CN102584461 A CN 102584461A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soilless culture matrix of greenhouse vegetables and an application, belonging to the technical field of recycling of organic wastes in the food industry. The matrix is obtained by mixing the fermented vinegar residue, turf and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 6: (2-1): (2-1). The culture matrix provided by the invention can overcome the shortcoming of poor physical and chemical properties of a single matrix and improve the physical and chemical properties of the culture matrix. The use amount of the turf in the soilless culture matrix is reduced, the comprehensive utilization rate of the vinegar residue is increased and the production cost of the matrix is greatly lowered, thus the matrix has obvious social benefits, economic benefits and environment and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a foodstuffs industry reclaiming organic waste technical field.Relate to soilless culture substrate and application thereof in a kind of facilities vegetable production.
Background technology
Owing to a large amount of unreasonably applying fertilizers in the facilities vegetable production cause soil secondary salinization to occur, and then cause the significant obstacle of vegetable yields and quality decline having become industrialized agriculture Sustainable development.For overcoming this obstacle, the soilless substyate culture technology more and more comes into one's own.The continuous development of cultivation technique without soil, therefore particularly some facilities vegetable cultivation technique without soil have promoted the development and application of soilless culture substrate, develop a kind of resource to fix, the stable soilless culture substrate of proterties is highly significant.
Vinegar is poor to be the main sub product of making vinegar, accounts for the 70%-80% of system vinegar raw material, and it is by grain of rice shell and a small amount of wheat bran through system vinegar fermentation process, and the rice vinegar slag is formed.Because of its fibre content is many, energy efficiency is low, and acidity is high, causes environmental pollution easily, becomes the reluctant a great problem of system vinegar industry.
Document 1 is publication number CN102138074.0, title " poor with vinegar is the botanical seedling culturing of raw material and the matrix and the method for manufacture thereof of cultivation usefulness "; With document 2 publication numbers be that CN10163637.A, name are called " a kind of being pickled with grains or in wine with flyash and vinegar is the matrix and the matrix method thereof of main raw material ", for vinegar residue resource has been made useful exploration, but this utilization in the vinegar residue fermented process; Be main mainly with anaerobically fermenting; Influenced the quality of the poor matrix of vinegar, and fermentation back matrix water ratio is higher, forms commercialization matrix and also need spend the more energy; Mass-producing for vinegar is poor is handled, and provides stable commodity matrix that certain distance is arranged.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, and providing a kind of is the facilities vegetable culture substrate of major ingredient with the fermentation of vinegar residue.
A kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture substrate, by fermentation of vinegar residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite by volume 6: (2-1): (2-1) uniform mixing forms, and regulates the pH value to 6.0-6.5 with unslaked lime.
Preferred fermentation of vinegar residue, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite blended volume ratio are 6:1:1,6:2:2,6:1:2 or 6:2:1.
Wherein said fermentation of vinegar residue prepares according to following step: the association sub product vinegar that (1) utilizes brewing edible vinegar production process to obtain is poor to be raw material; Mix the back in ceiling covering, draughty fermentation factory building are arranged; With vinegar residue fermented material pile rectangular buttress rising 1-2 rice, heap bottom width 2-3 rice, when piling temperature when reaching 60-70 ℃; Summer once a day, winter-spring season once utilizes the throwing machine tool that fermentation materials is thrown to raise to turn over buttress every other day; Summer, temperature descended in the fermented product stockpile through 25-30 days, winter-spring season 35-40 days, when water cut drops to 30-35% for accomplishing; (2) Secondary Fermentation condition: material behind one time fermentation makes its heap body water content rise to 60-70% through spray moisture, the heap temperature go back up to 60-70 ℃ 5-7 days, summer is whenever at a distance from turning in four days once; Winter is every at a distance from turning in seven days once; Summer, winter, the heap temperature constantly descended close with envrionment temperature until the heap temperature through 25-30 days through 15-20 days; Test heap body material germination index thinks that greater than 80% material fermentation finished thoroughly1, this fermented product are the used material of culture substrate.
The application of described soilless culture substrate is characterized in that described soilless culture substrate is applied to the cultivation of vegetable plant, can be applicable to cucumber, tomato, capsicum, eggplant, romaine lettuce, pumpkin.
The application of described soilless culture substrate is characterized in that soilless culture substrate is placed the cultivation bed vegetables of planting.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1, the consumption of fermentation of vinegar residue matrix has surpassed 60% among the present invention; This provides condition for the poor a large amount of processing of vinegar; Simultaneously in the poor matrix of vinegar, sneak into the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, the physicochemical character of mixed-matrix is regulated and improved, make the mixed-matrix total porosity; Water holding hole, ventilation gap value meet the requirement of culture substrate; In mixed-matrix, add unslaked lime simultaneously and carry out the adjusting of pH value, guaranteed the stable of mixed-matrix pH value, increased the surge capability of matrix.The vegetables of 2, adopting this substrate formula to produce, than the vegetables of adopting the common cultivation substrate formula to plant, the chemical fertilizer usage quantity is less, and the nutritional quality of vegetables is higher.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, as follows with implementation detail explanation of the present invention:
Embodiment 1
Summer the matrix production process
1, raw material sources: select poor 20 tons of the permanent original vinegar along association in the vinegar industry group production process in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu for use, be 72% through detecting its water cut, pH value 4.5;
2, fermentation reactor system: having ceiling to cover.In the good fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition, the fermentation materials composting is become to rise rectangular buttress of 2.5 meters of 1.5 meters, heap bottom width, middle and lower part temperature on the composting period detecting heap body; When heap body medial temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, use the throwing machine tool that fermentation materials is carried out turning, the turning frequency is every day 1 time; When heap temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃; Water cut reduces to 35% when following, and a Primary Fermentation is accomplished, and the composting time is 25 days; Secondary (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation; Make its heap body water content rise to 60-70% through spray moisture the material behind the one time fermentation, the heap temperature went back up to 60-70 ℃ after 5-7 days, whenever at a distance from turning in four days once; When the heap temperature constantly descends when the heap temperature is close with envrionment temperature; Test heap body material germination index thinks that greater than 80% material fermentation finished thoroughly1, this fermented product are the used material of culture substrate, and the Secondary Fermentation time is 20 days.
3, mixing of materials: the vinegar that fermentation reactor system is become thoroughly decomposed fully is pickled with grains or in wine and 6:1:1 and the 6:1:2 mixing by volume of the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, through adding unslaked lime its pH value is adjusted between the 6.0-6.5
The basic material proterties of table 1 culture substrate
| Matrix | Unit weight g/cm 3 | Total porosity % | Gas porosity % | Water-holding porosity % |
| 6:1:1 | 0.18 | 76% | 22% | 54% |
| 6:1:2 | 0.22 | 71% | 18% | 53% |
Embodiment 2
Winter the matrix production process
1, raw material sources: select poor 20 tons of the permanent original vinegar along association in the vinegar industry group production process in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu for use, be 72% through detecting its water cut, pH value 4.5;
2, fermentation reactor system: having ceiling to cover.In the good fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition, the fermentation materials composting is become to rise rectangular buttress of 2.5 meters of 1.5 meters, heap bottom width, middle and lower part temperature on the composting period detecting heap body; When heap body medial temperature reaches 65-70 ℃, use the throwing machine tool that fermentation materials is carried out turning, the turning frequency is per two days 1 time; When heap temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃; Water cut reduces to 35% when following, and a Primary Fermentation is accomplished, and the composting time is 35 days; Secondary (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation; Make its heap body water content rise to 60-70% through spray moisture the material behind the one time fermentation, the heap temperature went back up to 60-70 ℃ after 5-7 days, whenever at a distance from turning in four days once; When the heap temperature constantly descends when the heap temperature is close with envrionment temperature; Test heap body material germination index thinks that greater than 80% material fermentation finished thoroughly1, this fermented product are the used material of culture substrate, and the Secondary Fermentation time is 30 days.
3, mixing of materials: with 6:2:1 and the 6:2:2 mixing by volume of fermentation of vinegar residue, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, form the culture substrate that mixes, its pH value is adjusted between the 6.0-6.5 through adding unslaked lime.
The basic material proterties of table 2 culture substrate
| Matrix | Unit weight g/cm 3 | Total porosity % | Gas porosity % | Water-holding porosity % |
| 6:2:1 | 0.21 | 71% | 17% | 54% |
| 6:2:2 | 0.24 | 66% | 15% | 51% |
The experiment in cultivation of Test Example romaine lettuce
1, adopt the present invention to implement 1,2 preparation culture substrate I (vinegar is poor, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite be 6:1:1 by volume) in Jiangsu University test greenhouse; II (vinegar is poor, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite 6:1:2) by volume; III (vinegar is poor, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite 6:2:1) by volume IV (vinegar is poor, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite 6:2:2) by volume and reference examples peat growing medium CK (peat, vermiculite, perlite volume ratio are 2:1:1) carry out the romaine lettuce experiment in cultivation.There is full automatic temperature control in the greenhouse, nutrition liquid irrigation, and aeration-cooling facility can provide a suitable relatively growing environment for supplying to try material during the warranty test.
2, adopt 128 holes dish to carry out romaine lettuce and grow seedlings, select the Italian romaine lettuce of anti-bolting kind for use, when seedling grows to 6 leaves; Moving into substrate culture groove (flute length 17.5m, wide 0.65m, dark 0.3m) romaine lettuce field planting seeding row spacing is 20cm * 20cm; Every square metre of field planting 16 strains, a groove is cultivated in every processing.
3, cultivation management adopts culture substrate romaine lettuce of the present invention not apply any fertilizer in the whole growth phase, only according to weather condition pouring clear water.Contrast peat growing medium nutritive medium adopts the laboratory automatic irrigation system to carry out nutrition liquid irrigation, and nutrient solution prescription is the rugged prescription in Japanese romaine lettuce cultivation mountain, and using nutritive medium pH is 6.5, and the EC value is 1.3ms/cm.
4, romaine lettuce is gathered and quality determination, and before romaine lettuce was gathered, plant strain growth proterties and quality determination were carried out in every processing 10 strains of gathering at random.Measure growth indexes such as romaine lettuce plant height, the number of blade, degree of development, single plant yield, measure the romaine lettuce nitrate content simultaneously, quality parameter such as soluble sugar, soluble proteins.Testing data utilizes Spss software to carry out Duncan (Duncan, s) new multipole difference check, test-results such as table 3 and the table 4 of 0.05 level.
The different culture substrate romaine lettuce of table 3 growing state
| Matrix | Plant height (cm) | The number of blade (sheet) | Degree of development (cm) | Single plant yield (g) |
| Ⅰ | 24.6a | 29a | 30.2a | 186.6a |
| Ⅱ | 23.5a | 27ab | 28.9ab | 177.2a |
| Ⅲ | 24.4a | 25b | 27.5b | 168.5a |
| Ⅳ | 23.5a | 26b | 27.6b | 172.9a |
| CK | 23.8a | 27ab | 26.6b | 182.5a |
The different culture substrate romaine lettuce of table 4 quality
| Matrix | Nitrate salt (mg/kg FW) | Soluble sugar (mg/g FW) | Soluble proteins (mg/g FW) |
| Ⅰ | 885.72b | 0.10a | 2.62a |
| Ⅱ | 910.74b | 0.11a | 2.61a |
| Ⅲ | 855.08b | 0.13a | 2.65a |
| Ⅳ | 621.65c | 0.13a | 2.67a |
| CK | 1141.54a | 0.13a | 2.64a |
4, test-results shows: the soilless culture substrate cultivation romaine lettuce that utilizes the present invention to prepare, and romaine lettuce growth indexes and peat composed of rotten mosses culture substrate there was no significant difference, single plant yield is compared also there was no significant difference with contrast, and nitrate content is significantly less than contrast.Showing that matrix of the present invention and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix romaine lettuce growth traits differ is as good as, and can effectively reduce nitrate content in the romaine lettuce, explains that matrix of the present invention can satisfy the romaine lettuce growth needs fully.And the poor matrix cost of vinegar need not apply any fertilizer far below peat composed of rotten mosses matrix in first batch of cultivation, has reduced fertilizer and running cost, and therefore can substitute with the peat composed of rotten mosses is main culture substrate, reduces production costs.
Claims (5)
1. facilities vegetable soilless culture substrate, it is characterized in that by fermentation of vinegar residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite by volume 6: (2-1): (2-1) uniform mixing forms, and regulates the pH value to 6.0-6.5 with unslaked lime.
2. a kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that fermentation of vinegar residue, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite blended volume ratio are 6:1:1,6:2:2,6:1:2 or 6:2:1.
3. a kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture substrate according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that wherein said fermentation of vinegar residue prepares according to following step: the association sub product vinegar that (1) utilizes brewing edible vinegar production process to obtain is poor to be raw material; Mix the back in ceiling covering, draughty fermentation factory building are arranged; With vinegar residue fermented material pile rectangular buttress rising 1-2 rice, heap bottom width 2-3 rice, when piling temperature when reaching 60-70 ℃; Summer once a day, winter-spring season once utilizes the throwing machine tool that fermentation materials is thrown to raise to turn over buttress every other day; Summer, temperature descended in the fermented product stockpile through 25-30 days, winter-spring season 35-40 days, when water cut drops to 30-35% for accomplishing; (2) Secondary Fermentation condition: material behind one time fermentation makes its heap body water content rise to 60-70% through spray moisture, the heap temperature go back up to 60-70 ℃ 5-7 days, summer is whenever at a distance from turning in four days once; Winter is every at a distance from turning in seven days once; Summer, winter, the heap temperature constantly descended close with envrionment temperature until the heap temperature through 25-30 days through 15-20 days; Test heap body material germination index thinks that greater than 80% material fermentation finished thoroughly1, this fermented product are the used material of culture substrate.
4. the application of a kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture substrate according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that can be used for the vegetables of planting in the cultivation bed.
5. the application of a kind of facilities vegetable soilless culture substrate according to claim 4 is characterized in that can be applicable to the cultivation of cucumber, tomato, capsicum, eggplant, romaine lettuce, pumpkin.
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| CN2012100524027A CN102584461A (en) | 2012-03-02 | 2012-03-02 | Soilless culture matrix of greenhouse vegetables and application |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102992878A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-03-27 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Specific seedling substrate for Chinese cabbage, cabbage vegetables |
| CN103011946A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-04-03 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Seedling growing matrix special for melons |
| CN103053401A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-24 | 山西大学 | Soilless culture medium and preparing method thereof |
| CN103288500A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-09-11 | 江苏大学 | Greenhouse crop culturing substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103449930A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising matrix suitable for machine-transplanted seedling |
| CN103563610A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-02-12 | 天津百利种苗培育有限公司 | Cultivation method for eggplant seedlings |
| CN104016755A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-09-03 | 南京农业大学 | Vinegar residue substrate for cultivating cherry tomatoes |
| CN104045379A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-09-17 | 南京农业大学 | Spinach culture medium as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN105918009A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 句容市天王镇戴庄有机农业专业合作社 | Seedling cultivation method for organic sweet potatoes |
| CN106550860A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-04-05 | 朱广宪 | A kind of biological living makes the production method of organic bud vegetable of ferment |
| CN107821088A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-23 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Corncob fermentation substrate and preparation method and application |
| CN108260508A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-10 | 马鞍山市全润农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method |
| CN108299067A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-20 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of pumpkin cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN114431109A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-06 | 河北农业大学 | Soilless culture organic substrate with vinegar residue as main component and preparation method thereof |
| CN114586638A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-07 | 青海千紫缘农业科技博览园 | Soilless culture seedling substrate for vegetables and seedling method thereof |
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| CN101811911A (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-08-25 | 镇江恒欣肥料科技有限公司 | Matrix produced by using vinegar residue for greening and production process thereof |
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| CN1449651A (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2003-10-22 | 上海市园林科学研究所 | Gardening and afforestation cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| KR20090122070A (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | 한국생명공학연구원 | New strain of bacillus vallismortis and solid phase fermentation process of a arecaceae kernel cake using the same |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102992878A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-03-27 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Specific seedling substrate for Chinese cabbage, cabbage vegetables |
| CN103011946A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-04-03 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Seedling growing matrix special for melons |
| CN103053401A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-24 | 山西大学 | Soilless culture medium and preparing method thereof |
| CN103563610A (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-02-12 | 天津百利种苗培育有限公司 | Cultivation method for eggplant seedlings |
| CN103288500A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-09-11 | 江苏大学 | Greenhouse crop culturing substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN103449930A (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2013-12-18 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of rice seedling raising matrix suitable for machine-transplanted seedling |
| CN104016755A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-09-03 | 南京农业大学 | Vinegar residue substrate for cultivating cherry tomatoes |
| CN104016755B (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-07-13 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of vinegar residue substrate for cherry tomato cultivation |
| CN104045379B (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-04-13 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of spinach cultivation matrix and its preparation method and application |
| CN104045379A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-09-17 | 南京农业大学 | Spinach culture medium as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106550860A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-04-05 | 朱广宪 | A kind of biological living makes the production method of organic bud vegetable of ferment |
| CN105918009A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 句容市天王镇戴庄有机农业专业合作社 | Seedling cultivation method for organic sweet potatoes |
| CN108299067A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-07-20 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of pumpkin cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN107821088A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-03-23 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Corncob fermentation substrate and preparation method and application |
| CN108260508A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-10 | 马鞍山市全润农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method |
| CN114431109A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-06 | 河北农业大学 | Soilless culture organic substrate with vinegar residue as main component and preparation method thereof |
| CN114586638A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-07 | 青海千紫缘农业科技博览园 | Soilless culture seedling substrate for vegetables and seedling method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120718 |