CN103449930A - Preparation method of rice seedling raising matrix suitable for machine-transplanted seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a rice seedling-raising substrate suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings. Fine vinegar grains, vermiculite and peat are thoroughly mixed in sequence according to the volume ratio of 66.7%: 16.65%: 16.65%, and then the rice seedling-raising substrate is prepared. The seedling raising substrate has a bulk density of 0.26g/cm ³ , a total porosity of 68%, an available potassium content of 8.30g/kg, an available nitrogen content of 0.77g/kg, an available phosphorus content of 0.23g/kg, an EC value of 2.17mS/cm, and a pH value of 6.39. The seedling raising substrate disclosed by the present invention not only has high nutrient content, but also provides a slightly acidic environment suitable for the growth of rice seedlings. The seedlings grow robustly, and the root system has moderate binding force, and is easy to be mechanized into blocks for neat cutting and planting. Therefore, it can be widely used as a rice seedling raising substrate for machine-transplanted rice seedlings.

Description

A kind of preparation method of rice seedling raising substrate suitable for machine transplanting

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of modern high-efficiency agriculture, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a seedling-raising substrate.

Background technique

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, and nearly half of the world's population uses rice as a staple food. my country is a big rice planting country, and the planting area is basically maintained at about 420-450 million mu. In recent years, with the acceleration of the process of agricultural mechanization, machine-transplanted rice seedling technology has been vigorously promoted nationwide, and the proportion of machine-transplanted rice seedlings has increased year by year. Among them, machine-transplanted rice seedlings in Jiangsu Province have reached more than 50%, and even reached more than 85% in southern Jiangsu. However, machine-transplanting technology has specific requirements on the quality of seedlings. How to cultivate block-shaped seedlings with strong plants, moderate root system relay, and easy to cut neatly has become the key to the successful promotion of machine-transplanting technology. At present, studies on the effects of seedling raising methods, sowing density, sowing period and light environment on the quality of machine-transplanted seedlings have been reported. However, there are few researches and patents about the preparation of light-duty seedling-raising substrates, and there is no publication of a patent on the preparation of seedling-raising substrates as the main raw material with vinegar grains organic substrates. In the current production, most of the nutrient soils are prepared by farmers themselves. It is difficult for farmers to prepare nutrient soils to ensure a reasonable nutrient level, and because the seedling trays are too heavy, the mechanical work load is increased, which is not conducive to the promotion of large-scale and standardized machine transplanting technology. Therefore, this patent will disclose a kind of nutrient-rich vinegar grains organic substrate as the main raw material to prepare a standardized light-weight seedling-raising substrate suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings, thereby providing technical support for the promotion of rice machine-transplanted rice seedlings.

The vinegar grains used in this patent are organic substrates of vinegar grains successfully developed by our research group and Zhenjiang Hengshun Vinegar Industry through years of joint efforts. The matrix is rich in organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which can fully meet the nutrient requirements during seedling raising. However, the substrate is relatively acidic and has a large particle size. This patent creates a slightly acidic environment more suitable for seedling growth by adding a certain proportion of commercial substrates such as peat and vermiculite with a small particle size and neutrality. And increase the root plate relay to a certain extent, thereby cultivating high-quality seedlings suitable for machine transplanting.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of rice seedling raising matrix suitable for machine transplanting. The seedlings cultivated by the matrix are not only strong in quality, but also suitable for machine transplanting operations. problems, so as to provide technical support for the promotion of rice machine transplanting technology.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is based on the nutritional level, pH, particle size and other characteristics of vinegar grains, peat and vermiculite, the fertilizer requirements of seedlings and the suitable acid-base environment, and the requirements of machine-transplanted rice seedlings on the root system. Optimizing the ratio to prepare a rice seedling-raising substrate suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings, the specific technical scheme is as follows:

A method for preparing a rice seedling-raising substrate suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings, which is characterized in that fine vinegar grains, vermiculite and peat are thoroughly mixed in sequence at a volume ratio of 66.7%:16.65%:16.65%, and then prepared into a rice seedling-raising substrate.

The physical and chemical indicators of the seedling-raising substrate are: bulk density 0.26g/cm ³ , total porosity 68%, available potassium content 8.30g/kg, available nitrogen content 0.77g/kg, available phosphorus content 0.23g/kg, EC value 2.17 mS/cm, pH value is 6.39.

The fine vinegar grains are the products of vinegar grains, which are waste vinegar grains from the vinegar industry ^, after being crushed. 0.28g/kg, EC value 3.12mS/cm, pH value 5.98; both peat and vermiculite are standard commercial substrates purchased on the market.

Working process of the present invention is as follows:

Fill the seedling-raising matrix into a standardized hard plastic seedling-raising tray with a specification of 58cm×28cm×3cm for rice machine transplanting, fill it to a height of 2.5cm, and spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the matrix after determining the seeding amount according to the breed, and then fill it 0.3 cm thick stroma overlay. Then water it thoroughly, keep it moist before emergence, and do not water before the substrate turns white after emergence. When the leaf age is about 3 and the height is about 15cm, the seedlings are raised and transplanted mechanized.

The invention has beneficial effects.

The rice seedling raising substrate disclosed by the present invention not only has a high nutrient level, but also provides a slightly acidic environment suitable for the growth of rice seedlings. The rice seedlings grow robustly, and the root system has moderate binding force, and is easy to mechanized into blocks for neat cutting and planting.

The light-duty seedling-raising substrate prepared by using vinegar residue substrate as the main raw material is easy to operate, especially the light seedling tray, which is easy to carry.

The use of vinegar grains as a substrate for rice seedling raising has added a new way of resource utilization of vinegar grains.

Detailed ways

1 Operation design

On May 20, 2013, the seedling raising experiment was carried out in Jiangsu University. Seedling has five treatments, namely:

Treatment Ⅰ: 100% crude vinegar grains;

Treatment Ⅱ: 100% fine vinegar grains;

Treatment Ⅲ: 60% fine vinegar grains + 20% vermiculite + 20% peat;

Treatment IV: 66.7% fine vinegar grains + 16.65% vermiculite + 16.65% peat;

CK: 100% self-made nutrient soil.

All of the above are volume ratios, and each proportioning matrix and nutrient soil are fully mixed and mixed, and the physical and chemical indicators after uniformity and stability are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of different seedling-raising substrates and nutrient soils

A completely random design was adopted for different treatments, and each treatment was repeated three times, and each seedling tray was one repetition. The seedling tray adopts the hard plastic seedling tray for standardized machine transplanting, and the specification is 58cm×28cm×3cm. The rice variety is Nanjing 5055 selected by Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Fill each seedling tray with a uniform and stable seedling-raising substrate and nutrient soil to a height of 2.5cm, spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the substrate at a seeding rate of 130g/pan, and then fill with a 0.3cm thick substrate or nutrient soil to cover , pour water once. Keep moist before emergence, and do not water before the substrate turns white after emergence.

On June 12, when most of the treated seedlings were about 3 leaf stage, 10 representative seedlings were taken from each repetition of each treatment, and their plant height, stem base width, adventitious root number and length were measured or calculated respectively. , leaf area per plant, chlorophyll content, biomass, strong seedling index, root absorption area and root potential, and the seedling block was taken to measure the root coiling force, and then the average value was taken for analysis. Among them, the leaf area of a single plant was measured by the leaf area scanning method; the chlorophyll content was measured by the SPAD analyzer; the root absorption area was measured by the methylene blue method; the biomass was dried by the drying method, and the root-to-shoot ratio was calculated. The calculation method of seedling strength index is as follows:

Determination of rooting potential: Take 10 seedlings from each repetition of each treatment, cut off all the roots, put them in a glass cup filled with distilled water, and put the glass cup in an artificial climate box to simulate the southern and central Jiangsu. In the first ten days of June, the field climate conditions (that is, the highest temperature is 32 ℃, the lowest temperature is 20 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65%; at this time, it is the transplanting period of the seedlings) are cultivated, and distilled water is often added to keep the water, and the roots are taken out after 7 days to measure the rooting potential of the root system. index.

Measuring the root system binding force: cut a 10cm×10cm seedling block from each seedling tray and place it on a flat glass, clamp and fix it with a splint at one end, and pull it slowly with a spring scale after clamping the splint at the other end until the seedling block breaks , the maximum pulling force during this period is the coiling force of the seedling root system.

2 calculation results

(1) Some seedling quality indexes of differently treated seedlings are shown in Table 2:

The seedling quality index of table 2 different treatment seedlings

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant difference at the 5% level (the same below)

(2) The root activity of seedlings with different treatments is shown in Table 3:

Table 3 root activity of different treatment seedlings

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 5% level

(3) The roots of the seedlings with different treatments are shown in Table 4:

The rooting potential of different treatment seedlings in table 4

3 Conclusion

The growth traits of seedlings with different treatments showed that the seedlings raised with vinegar grains as the main raw material in four kinds of proportioning substrates had plant height, stem base width, leaf area per plant, leaf age, number of adventitious roots, longest adventitious root length, root-to-shoot ratio, The whole plant biomass and strong seedling index were higher or significantly higher than CK, indicating that the above traits of seedlings using different ratios of substrates were better than self-compounded nutrient soil. Among different proportioning substrates, the seedling raising substrate prepared by the present invention has the fastest growth rate of plant height, leaf area, biomass, etc., as well as growth process (leaf age) and the highest chlorophyll content.

The test results of root vigor and hairy root potential of seedlings with different treatments showed that the root vigor and hairy root potential of seedlings with different ratios of substrates were higher or significantly higher than CK. Among them, treatment Ⅳ, treatment Ⅲ and treatment Ⅱ seedlings all had higher root activity and rooting potential, and treatment Ⅳ was the highest.

For treatment Ⅳ, the substrate provided has high nutrient level and low bulk density, which not only provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of seedlings, but also makes the operation lighter; the growth speed and growth process are the fastest, which can shorten the seedling raising time and save labor and time; The root-to-shoot ratio, root activity and root potential of the root system are the highest, which can accelerate the greening of the seedlings after transplanting and improve the survival rate of the seedlings; the seedling index is the highest, laying the foundation for the final high yield; It is good for cutting into pieces and avoiding the loosening due to the low binding force, so it is more suitable for mechanized planting. Therefore, the seedlings cultivated by the substrate provided by the present invention can better meet the requirements of machine transplanting for seedling quality, and can fully replace conventional nutrient soil in production, and be used in large-scale and standardized rice plant seedling raising.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method for a rice seedling-raising substrate suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings, characterized in that: after fine vinegar grains, vermiculite and peat are fully mixed and mixed in a volume ratio of 66.7%: 16.65%: 16.65%, the mixture is prepared into rice seedling-raising substrates matrix. 2. A method for preparing a rice seedling-raising substrate suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the physical and chemical indicators of the seedling-raising substrate are: bulk density 0.26g/cm ³ , total porosity 68%, quick-acting The potassium content is 8.30g/kg, the available nitrogen content is 0.77g/kg, the available phosphorus content is 0.23 g/kg, the EC value is 2.17mS/cm, and the pH value is 6.39. 3. a kind of preparation method suitable for the rice seedling-raising substrate of machine transplanting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described fine vinegar grains is the product after the waste vinegar grains of vinegar making industry is smashed, and physical and chemical index is : Bulk density 0.26g/cm ³ , available potassium content 9.09g/kg, available nitrogen content 0.79g/kg, available phosphorus content 0.28 g/kg, EC value 3.12mS/cm, pH value 5.98; both peat and vermiculite are on the market Standard commodity substrates purchased online.