CN104429459B - A kind of seedling-cultivating method of organic tobacco - Google Patents
A kind of seedling-cultivating method of organic tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
A kind of seedling-cultivating method of organic tobacco, this seedling-cultivating method adopts floating seedlings method, and comprises the following steps: sowing: adopt high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix during organic tobacco nursery, the every bunch planting in seedling-cultivating tray edge two tobacco seeds during nursery, all the other one, every cave tobacco seeds, artificial seeding or machine sowing; Fertilising: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising; 3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising; Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising.The present invention adopts the way of inorganic nursery fertilizer usually when changing current organic tobacco nursery, realize seedling raising process full stress-strain; And educate cigarette seedling is all better than current usual employing after seedling vigorous index, improving activity of root system, chlorophyll content in leaf blades, field planting conventional seedbed system matrix in transplanting seedling time, output etc. and add the combination of inorganic tobacco nursery fertilizer, and the effective well developed root system of cigarette seedling, spiral root and water root obviously reduce, and in nursery pond, algae obviously reduces.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling growing process field, be specifically related to a kind ofly adopt high phosphorous organic seedling raising matrix to add the combination of full water-soluble organic raising seedling fertilizer to carry out the seedling-cultivating method of organic tobacco, and meet organic tobacco plantation requirement, be applicable to floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco.
Background technology
Yunnan is the large province of cured tobacco production, no matter is that cultivated area and yield of tobacco all rank first in the country, and unique photo-thermal and water and soil condition have achieved the growth of high-quality tobacco, also referred to as the mainstay industry of local agricultural.Therefore, tobacco planting level how is promoted significant for stablizing of the sound development of Yunnan Flue-cured Tobacco industry and regional economy.
In the 1990s later stage, China Tobacco Corporation as one of guardian technique measure improving yield of tobacco and quality, promotes floating seedlings technology at national emphasis.China's floating seedlings area 16.24 ten thousand hectares in 2000, accounts for 16.63% of the nursery gross area, floating seedlings area 111.82 ten thousand hectares in 2009. account for 97.02% of the gross area.Yunnan Province starts to promote for 1998, floating seedlings area 2000hm
2, within 2003, the whole province's floating seedlings area is more than 50%, within 2009, reaches 98.2%.Substantially increase the nursery batch production of tobacco seedling, specialization and commercialization level.
As a new technology, floating seedlings technology also has many places had much room for improvement, and as the exploitation of new seedling medium, the content and component proportion optimization of nursery fertilizer, to reduce costs, promotes seedling growth and development.And for organic tobacco is produced, not only need the research and development carrying out new seedling medium and nursery fertilizer, the more important thing is that these technology and product needed meet the requirement of Organic certification, because organic tobacco reaches Organic certification standard except the needs place of production, whole production process and input also all will meet Organic certification standard.And the nutrition required for existing floating seedlings is mainly from using chemical fertilizer, therefore, the cigarette seedling that conveniently floating seedlings technology provides does not meet organic tobacco leaf production requirement.
Existing researcher organises explore with regard to organic seedling raising matrix and grow seedling nutritional liquid (nursery is fertile) whole process at present, a kind of colza cake that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adopts as open in Chinese patent CN101811894 adds water, at stirring or aerobic condition bottom fermentation 10-15 days, filter, make tobacco organic floating grow seedling nutritional liquid with the leaching liquor of gained, filter residue mixes wormcast in proportion and perlite makes the method for seedling medium.Chinese patent CN201210163363 discloses after one places removing ammonia in atmosphere with natural pond liquid and mixes with water 1:6, makes the nutrient solution of the organic tray seedling growth of tobacco, natural pond slag dry powder and anosis loam and makes the method for seedling medium according to the ratio of 35:65.The whole process that the nutrient solution of above-mentioned seedling-cultivating method and employing and the combination of seedling medium contribute to realizing organic tobacco plantation organises.But current tobacco seedling is day by day to batch production, specialization and commercialization development, organic raising seedling production that is fertile and seedling medium should meet industrialization and scale requirement.Meanwhile, the stable controllability that is ready availability, quality of seedling medium, the fertile raw material of nursery is also another key issue; In addition, the Organic Ingredients in matrix, as cow dung, rice straw, owing to fermenting not exclusively, the weed seed carried, needs artificial weeding after nursery, is also the difficult problem needing to overcome.
Therefore, for above-mentioned existing problems, answer Efforts To Develop to reach the seedling medium of Organic certification standard-required and the research of nursery fertilizer formula, composition etc., exploitation organic tobacco seedling growing process, meets the requirement of floating seedlings industrial massive.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solved: the invention provides a kind of seedling-cultivating method meeting the organic tobacco of organic grow requirement, comprises organic tobacco seedling medium and organic raising seedling fertile, and combination and the application in organic tobacco nursery.Wherein seedling medium mainly with the discarded object vinasse of local industrial and agricultural production, aloe slag and pelelith for primary raw material, substituting take the peat composed of rotten mosses as the conventional substrate of key component; The fertile waste liquid mainly produced with batch production alcoholic fermentation of nursery is for primary raw material, and can substitute completely with inorganic fertilizer is the conventional seedbed system fertilizer of key component; Both application, not only reach Organic certification requirement, and can realize the recycling of discarded object, reduce seedling cost.Meanwhile, these waste material Relatively centralized, are easy to collect, quality easily control, stablize, do not carry weed seed, can meet the requirement of the batch production of organic tobacco floating seedlings and scale.
Technical scheme: a kind of seedling-cultivating method of organic tobacco, this seedling-cultivating method adopts floating seedlings method, and comprise the following steps: (1) is sowed: adopt high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix during organic tobacco nursery, the every bunch planting in seedling-cultivating tray edge two tobacco seeds during nursery, all the other one, every cave tobacco seeds, artificial seeding or machine sowing; (2) apply fertilizer: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising, the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 50-100mg/L to nitrogen content; 3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150-200mg/L to nitrogen content; Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150-200mg/L to nitrogen content.
Concrete fertilizer applications is: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 75mg/L to nitrogen content; 3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content; Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content.
Described high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix be with vinasse, aloe slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite according to volume ratio for 2:1:2:1:2:2 mixes.
The special nursery fertilizer of described organic tobacco is mixed according to mass ratio 1000:6 with alcohol effluent dry powder and borax, preparation method and step as follows: the preparation of (1) alcohol effluent dry powder: will be concentrated to solid content is 50% (mass volume ratio, unit g/mL) alcohol effluent, natural montmorillonite is added, spray dried into powder form according to mass volume ratio 50g/L; (2) be to measure alcohol effluent dry powder and borax at 1000: 6 according to mass ratio, stir and mix.
Described alcohol effluent is be that raw material produces through culture propagation the waste liquid abandoned after alcohol with sugar waste, and in this alcohol effluent, total nitrogen content is not less than 10.0g/L, and full potassium is with K
2o meter is not less than 25.0g/L, and total phosphorus is with P
2o
5meter is not less than 1.50g/L.
Described natural montmorillonite diameter is less than 0.15mm.
Beneficial effect: its raw material of seedling medium provided by the invention is mainly vinasse, aloe slag and pelelith etc., these resource Relatively centralized, is easy to collect, the peat composed of rotten mosses part in alternative conventional substrate; The waste liquid that organic tobacco nursery its main raw material fertile adopts alcoholic fermentation to produce, suitability for industrialized production, amount is large, steady quality, can replace the inorganic fertilizer in current conventional seedbed system fertilizer; Above-mentioned material can meet the industrial massive requirement of nursery.Meanwhile, these Organic Ingredients are through fermentable, and the borax, pelelith etc. of interpolation are also the inorganic mineral fertilizer of organic grow license, meet organic grow requirement, can reach full stress-strain.Another advantage of the present invention is, the matrix of application and the main raw material(s) of nursery are rich in nutrition, is conducive to improving seedling quality.The high phosphorous seedling medium provided is with the vinasse become thoroughly decomposed, aloe slag and pelelith, rock phosphate for primary raw material, and the content of its rapid available phosphorus, available potassium improves greatly, can save phosphorus between nursery stage, potash fertilizer supplement; And its phosphorus potassium can also discharge successively behind the field of transplanting, thus effectively promote the root system development after transplanting and Nutrient Absorption.The primary raw material alcohol effluent of nursery fertilizer is rich in the abundant nutriment needed for tobacco seedling growth, as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition and the medium trace element such as calcium, magnesium, simultaneously also containing a large amount of bioactivators, as fulvic acid, small molecular organic acid, amino acid etc., use it as nursery fertilizer and can significantly promote that tobacco seedling grows, improve seedling quality, and the fertile low-phosphorous high potassium (phosphorus potassium ratio is less than 20) of organic raising seedling provided by the invention, be conducive to the generation reducing algae in seedling raising process, improve the resistance of tobacco.The invention provides the seedling growing process combination of high phosphorus seedling medium+low-phosphorous high potassium nursery fertilizer, phosphorus content when reducing floating seedlings in water body, effectively can control algae reproduction; And containing activating phosphorus in a large number in matrix, progressively discharge at seedling raising process, for cigarette seedling provides lasting phosphorus nourishing, thus improve rate in strong sprout, reduce spiral root and water root.Through cave, dish floating seedlings Comparision Test shows, the seedling vigorous index, chlorophyll content, improving activity of root system etc. of cigarette seedling are all better than contrast (conventional substrate+inorganic nursery is fertile), after transplant planting, short, the output of seedling-slowing stage and plant disease resistance all improve, and then reduce the input of agricultural medicine, for the excellent product of organic tobacco high-quality provides support.The seedling-cultivating method that the invention provides, technology is simple, easy to operate, is applicable to industrially scalable production requirement, is convenient to spread and uses.To sum up, organic tobacco seedling-cultivating method provided by the invention has obvious economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is nursery process tobacco seedling growth situation contrast figure of the present invention;
By tobacco floating seed rearing is educated cigarette seedling contrast situation map, (right be the processed conventionally cigarette seedling of contrast to Fig. 2; The left cigarette seedling for process of the present invention);
Fig. 3 is that (right be root system under the processed conventionally dish of contrast to root system contrast situation map under tobacco floating seed rearing seedling-cultivating tray the previous day dish; Left is root system under the dish of process of the present invention);
Fig. 4 is process nursery pond figure of the present invention, and in visible culture fluid, algae is few.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail.But embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
A kind of seedling-cultivating method of organic tobacco, adopt floating seedlings method, high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix is sowed, use the special nursery of organic tobacco fertile, operating procedure is as follows: (1) is sowed: adopt high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix during organic tobacco nursery, the every bunch planting in seedling-cultivating tray edge two tobacco seeds during nursery, all the other one, every cave tobacco seeds, artificial seeding or machine sowing; (2) apply fertilizer: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising, the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 50mg/L to nitrogen content.3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 200mg/L to nitrogen content.Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 200mg/L to nitrogen content.
Wherein:
(1) high phosphorous organic tobacco seedling medium is mixed according to the volume ratio of 2:1:2:1:2:2 vinasse, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses after respectively fermentation maturity, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite, wherein each component should be as the criterion with nature when measuring, without the need to operations such as compactings.Prepared by concrete employing following methods: (i) becomes thoroughly decomposed the preparation of aloe slag: aloe ground-slag is broken to 1cm-3cm length, regulate water content to 65wt.%, fermenting agent is added by 10% of aloe slag gross weight, and add rock phosphate by 10% of aloe slag gross weight simultaneously, be added to windrow and amass fermentation maturity, the temperature of fermentation heap more than 10 days, carries out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C higher than 50 DEG C of number of days, makes inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture; (ii) to become thoroughly decomposed the preparation of vinasse: add rock phosphate by 10% of vinasse gross weight, water content is regulated by the mixture of vinasse and rock phosphate to be that 60-70wt.% carries out heap fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed, the temperature of fermentation heap is 40-45 DEG C, carry out turning when fermentation heap central temperature is more than 60 DEG C, make inside and outside fermentation evenly; When fermentation heap temperature is down to environmental temperature, germination test germination index GI >=60%, the material air dry doubling that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized 1cm sieve aperture; (iii) vinasse after fermentation maturity, aloe slag and the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite measure according to the volume ratio of 2:1:2:1:2:2, then add water mixing, the water yield can control in the following manner: the matrix after mixing is held agglomerating, does not touch with one's hand, and lands and namely falls apart.
(2) organic tobacco special nursery fertilizer is that the spray-dried dry powder (be called for short alcohol effluent dry powder) obtained of alcohol effluent concentrate mixes according to the mass ratio of 1000:6 with borax and forms.Concrete employing following steps and method preparation: the preparation of (i) alcohol effluent dry powder: will be concentrated to solid content is 50% (mass volume ratio, unit g/mL) alcohol effluent, natural montmorillonite is added, spray dried into powder form according to mass volume ratio 50g/L; The diameter of natural montmorillonite is less than 0.15mm.(ii) be to measure alcohol effluent dry powder and borax at 1000: 6 according to mass ratio, stir and mix.Carry out in closed container during mixing, adopt mechanical agitation.
Embodiment 2
A seedling-cultivating method for organic tobacco, be adopt floating seedlings method, high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix is sowed, and use the special nursery of organic tobacco fertile, operating procedure is as follows:
(1) sow: adopt high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix during organic tobacco nursery, the every bunch planting in seedling-cultivating tray edge two tobacco seeds during nursery, all the other one, every cave tobacco seeds, artificial seeding or machine sowing;
(2) apply fertilizer: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising, the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 75mg/L to nitrogen content.3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content.Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content.
Wherein: high phosphorous organic tobacco seedling medium is identical with embodiment 1 with the preparation of organic tobacco special nursery fertilizer.
Embodiment 3
A seedling-cultivating method for organic tobacco, be adopt floating seedlings method, high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix is sowed, and use the special nursery of organic tobacco fertile, operating procedure is as follows:
(1) sow: adopt high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix during organic tobacco nursery, the every bunch planting in seedling-cultivating tray edge two tobacco seeds during nursery, all the other one, every cave tobacco seeds, artificial seeding or machine sowing;
(2) apply fertilizer: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising, the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 100mg/L to nitrogen content.3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content.Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content.
Wherein: high phosphorous organic tobacco seedling medium is identical with embodiment 1 with the preparation of organic tobacco special nursery fertilizer.
Comparative example
This comparative example is by, then comparing nursery pattern of the present invention and normal control mode (commercially available seedling medium and pure inorganic fertilizer type tobacco seedling special fertilizer) the tobacco seedling effect of each process in tobacco seedling.
Nursery mode treatment of the present invention adopts embodiment 1-3, and contrast is that commercially available seedling medium and inorganic nursery are fertile.
Concrete tobacco seedling effect is as table 1, and assay method wherein all adopts conventional means to carry out.Demonstrate macroscopic difference between different disposal, nursery process tobacco seedling growth situation of the present invention is obviously better than control treatment (see accompanying drawing 1).
The lower tobacco seedling physiology and morphology index of table 1 different nursery fertilizer process
Note: seedling vigorous index=(stem thick/plant height) × complete stool dry weight × 100%.
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with control treatment, embodiment 1-3 all facilitates tobacco seedling and grows, show as the raising of the biomass of tobacco, seedling vigorous index and improving activity of root system, especially embodiment 2 best results, show as that stem is thick, Ye Kuan, biomass, seedling vigorous index, improving activity of root system etc. apparently higher than contrast, comparatively contrast raising 23.1%, 20.5%, 81.0%, 50.0% and 16.8% respectively, although chlorofucine CI value also with contrast indifference.Therefore, adopt embodiment 2 for preferred version in follow-up actual large-scale production.
In the production demonstration that base, Yunnan Yuxi is carried out, the nursery situation of the present invention's (adopting the preferred version of embodiment 2) is obviously better than contrast (adopting local conventional substrate and general inorganic nursery fertilizer), show as strong, the effective well developed root system of seedling, without spiral root and water root, in nursery pond, algae obviously reduces, and naked eyes can see difference between the two.See accompanying drawing 2 and 3.
Again the situation after the transplantation of seedlings to field of different disposal cigarette is observed, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 different disposal tobacco seedling rolls into a ball the physiology and morphology index of a phase after transplanting
After tobacco seedling field planting, compared with control treatment, preferred version process of the present invention obviously facilitates tobacco growing and grows, and grows vigorous, and the group's of showing as phase plant height, leaf length, Ye Kuan, stem girth and chlorophyll content in leaf blades improve; And from field diseases, a situation arises, invention increases also tobacco plant disease resistance.Therefore, it is that the conventional substrate of key component adds inorganic nursery fertilizer and carries out tobacco seedling that preferred version of the present invention can substitute completely with the peat composed of rotten mosses, and realizes full stress-strain.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some amendments to it or improve, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these done without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention amendments and improvement, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a seedling-cultivating method for organic tobacco, is characterized in that this seedling-cultivating method adopts floating seedlings method, and comprises the following steps:
(1) sow: adopt high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix during organic tobacco nursery, the every bunch planting in seedling-cultivating tray edge two tobacco seeds during nursery, all the other one, every cave tobacco seeds, artificial seeding or machine sowing;
(2) apply fertilizer: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising, the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 50-100mg/L to nitrogen content; 3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150-200mg/L to nitrogen content; Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150-200mg/L to nitrogen content.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic tobacco as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that fertilizer applications is: the first leaf period carries out first time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 75mg/L to nitrogen content; 3rd leaf period carries out second time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content; Second time is applied fertilizer and within latter about 15 days, is carried out third time fertilising, and the fertile application concentration of the special nursery of organic tobacco is thin up is 150mg/L to nitrogen content.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic tobacco as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that described high phosphorus organic seedling raising matrix be with vinasse, aloe slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, rock phosphate, pelelith, vermiculite according to volume ratio for 2:1:2:1:2:2 mixes.
4. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic tobacco as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that the special nursery fertilizer of described organic tobacco is mixed according to mass ratio 1000:6 with alcohol effluent dry powder and borax, preparation method and step as follows: the preparation of (1) alcohol effluent dry powder: be the alcohol effluent of 50% by being concentrated to solid quality volume ratio content, unit g/mL, natural montmorillonite is added, spray dried into powder form according to mass volume ratio 50g/L; (2) be to measure alcohol effluent dry powder and borax at 1000: 6 according to mass ratio, stir and mix.
5. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic tobacco as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that described alcohol effluent is is that raw material produces through culture propagation the waste liquid abandoned after alcohol with sugar waste, and in this alcohol effluent, total nitrogen content is not less than 10.0g/L, and full potassium is with K
2o meter is not less than 25.0g/L, and total phosphorus is with P
2o
5meter is not less than 1.50 g/L.
6. the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of organic tobacco as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that described natural montmorillonite diameter is less than 0.15mm.
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| CN115710146A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-02-24 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Fine-adjustment formula organic fertilizer combination for planting tobacco in viscous red soil |
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| CN101422123A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-05-06 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Cured tobacco seedling-raiding vermiculite matrix and seedling raising method using the same |
| CN103798042A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-05-21 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | High-efficiency tobacco seedling cultivation method |
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| CN101422123A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-05-06 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Cured tobacco seedling-raiding vermiculite matrix and seedling raising method using the same |
| CN103798042A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-05-21 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | High-efficiency tobacco seedling cultivation method |
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