CN102584405A - Rice seedling raising matrix prepared from vinegar residues and production method for matrix - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rice seedling raising matrix prepared from vinegar residues and a production method for the matrix, and belongs to a rice seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof. The matrix is characterized in that the granular matrix with the organic matter content of not less than 60 percent, the total nutrient content of 4.0 to 4.5 percent, the water content of less than 20 percent, the pH of 6.0 to 6.5, the soluble ion concentration electrical conductivity (EC) value of 2 to 3mS/cm, the ventilation gap of 22 to 25 percent (V), the retention gap of 44 to 46 percent (V) and the germination index of over 98 percent is obtained by performing primary aerobic fermentation and secondary decomposition fermentation on the vinegar residues serving as main materials. The production method comprises the following steps of: preparing raw materials, adding bacteria and mixing, composting and fermenting, and thus obtaining a finished product, and is characterized in that 0.1 to 0.2 percent of fermentation strain is added into the original vinegar residues which are obtained in the production process of brewing edible vinegar and have the water content of 72 to 75 percent; and 10 to 12 percent of plant ash with the thickness of a few centimeters is paved on the upper middle part of a strip-type stack during secondary decomposition fermentation. Through probation, the matrix has a high germination index and is not required to be mechanically crushed, a fertilizer is not required to be applied additionally, the labor intensity of raising rice seedlings is reduced, and an important way for solving the problem of environmental pollution is opened up for the industrial batch treatment of the vinegar residues.

Description

Utilize the poor raising rice seedlings of producing of vinegar with matrix and working method thereof

Technical field: the invention belongs to raising rice seedlings with matrix and method of manufacture thereof, particularly a kind of poor raising rice seedlings of producing of vinegar that utilizes is with matrix and working method thereof.

Background technology: vinegar is poor to be the main association sub product of making vinegar, accounts for the 70-80% of system vinegar raw material.It is made up of the grain of rice shell of crossing through the system vinegar fermentation and a small amount of wheat bran, rice wine slag, organic content about 90%, and nitrogen content about 2.5%, the phosphorus potassium content is respectively about 0.25% and 0.1%, and nutrient is abundanter; Yet it is again that Mierocrystalline cellulose, content of lignin are high, the reluctant organic waste about pH4.0.Because its quantity is big, fibre content is many, acidity is high, causes environmental pollution easily, become the reluctant a great problem of system vinegar industry.

Document 1 is the patent application case of publication number CN10163637.A, title " a kind of being pickled with grains or in wine with flyash and vinegar is the matrix and the matrix method of main raw material "; Its matrix characteristic is the flyash of volume percent 25-50%; The vinegar of 50-75% is poor to be main raw material, also adds the potassic fertilizer that contains that contains phosphatic manure, 0-3 of 1-5; The nitrogenous fertilizer of 1-5; The acid regulator of 0-10; The alkaline conditioner of 0-10.Its matrix method feature is vinegar to be pickled with grains or in wine be dried to the no moisture in surface and be much granular; Measure the poor physical and chemical index value of flyash and vinegar respectively; Relatively confirm flyash and the poor proportional quantity of vinegar with the physical and chemical index value of the northeast peat composed of rotten mosses; The potential of hydrogen of regulating flyash and the poor mixture of vinegar with acid regulator or alkaline conditioner again is to pH4.5-6.5, and measures the physical and chemical index value of mixture, once more with the physical and chemical index value of the northeast peat composed of rotten mosses relatively and, phosphorus nitrogenous, potassic fertilizer with reference to its nitrogen, phosphorus, the interpolation of potassium desired value; Move to physical environment at last; The turf plant grass 1-2 behind the 5-10 centimetre of thickness that paves, and during the middle ten days and the last ten days in July in 1 year of plantation, dig and vexed canopy 10-15 days, the matrix that each item physical and chemical index is close to or higher than the northeast peat composed of rotten mosses just obtained.The utilization that in the document 1 vinegar is pickled with grains or in wine only rests on the mechanically mixing of physics mode; Nearly the vinegar 99% or more is poor is not really handled for fibre content, thus this application people to the poor understanding of vinegar be positioned in the document in 0026 section " vinegar is poor to be the tankage in the system vinegar process, its acid big, fibre content is high, heat is low; can not use feed; can not make fertilizer, and become the waste of processing of farm products, economize; owing to vinegar output is bigger, vinegar have been pickled with grains or in wine into big public hazards of contaminate environment in a large number in vinegar sparetime universities such as Shanxi." disclosed in the document 1 the poor matrix method of utilizing of vinegar is needed " move to physical environment; Turf plant grass 1-2 behind the 5-10 centimetre of thickness paves; And during the plantation the middle ten days and the last ten days in July in 1 year, dig and vexed canopy 10-15 days ", could obtain the matrix that each item physical and chemical index is close to or higher than the northeast peat composed of rotten mosses.Such method obviously can't realize batch production production, is difficult to utilize in enormous quantities vinegar poor, and quantity is big, fibre content is many, acidity is high to handling, and causes the vinegar of environmental pollution poor easily, solves the reluctant a great problem of system vinegar industry and has little significance.

Document 2 is the patent application case of publication number CN102138074.0, title " poor with vinegar is the botanical seedling culturing of raw material and the matrix and the method for manufacture thereof of cultivation usefulness ", adds the solid particulate thing that fermented bacterium that milk-acid bacteria, sulfuration line bacterium, yeast and the actinomycetic mixtinite of fiber of liquid form carries out fermentation reactor system after its matrix characteristic is mixed thoroughly by the poor Ensure Liquid material chicken manure of vinegar, acidity regulator flyash again; Its method of manufacture is characterised in that to reach 70% vinegar with water cut poor, adds certain amount of fluid mikrobe, chicken manure, flyash, and stirs; Water-proof heat-insulation material such as topped plastic cloth carries out fermentation reactor system then.When the temperature of heap centre portions reaches more than 65 ℃, turn over and once pile the continued composting; In composting 30-40 days summer, in composting 45-55 days winter, the temperature in heap is reduced to when identical with outside air temperature basically, and fermenting process finishes, and has formed the poor matrix of vinegar.The method of manufacture defective of the poor matrix of vinegar is air-locked water-proof heat-insulation materials such as topped plastic cloth in the document 2; And carry out in tens of days fermentation reactor system processes only turning once, this just causes whole fermentation process mainly is anaerobically fermenting, and the fermenting process unconverted fibre content that finishes in the poor matrix of vinegar that the back forms is still more; Moisture content of finished products content is too high in addition; After directly commercialization, necessaryization take the oven dry of considerable energy, the matrix that could use as botanical seedling culturing and soilless culture.Such method is difficult to also obviously realize batch production production and utilizes vinegar poor in enormous quantities that quantity is big, fibre content is many, acidity is high to handling, and causes the vinegar of environmental pollution poor easily, solves the reluctant a great problem of system vinegar industry and has little significance equally.

The composition defective of the poor matrix of vinegar is to contain flyash in the document 1,2.Flyash is the inorganic waste that obtains behind power plant's coal dust firing; Its main chemical compositions is main with silicon-dioxide and aluminium sesquioxide; Point out in " flyash is to the influence of soil and plant growth " literary composition of 1999 the 4th phases " soil and environment " according to Zhejiang University's soil and Wang of department of agricultural chemistry sea treasure, Xu Jianmin, Xie Zhengmiao, Yu Jingyan: " according to both at home and abroad; the agricultural investment of flyash economizes most, cost is minimum; be the important channel of development and use, but objectionable impurities has also caused people's very big concern to the disadvantageous effect of soil and plant growth in the flyash.Therefore, how flyash rationally being used on the agricultural, is the major issue that is worth discussion.”

Tradition seedling-cultivation plate process comprises vernalization, whole ground, broken, allotment nutrition soil, shop nutrition soil, sow seeds and link such as covering, and operation is numerous and diverse, need extra fertilising, operation labor intensity is high.

This shows that a kind of Mechanical Crushing that need not of research and design does not need extra fertilising yet, reduced labour intensity, can make vinegar poor obtain abundant fermentation maturity to utilize the poor raising rice seedlings of producing of vinegar be necessary with matrix and working method thereof.

Summary of the invention: the objective of the invention is deficiency to prior art; Research also designs a kind of Mechanical Crushing that need not; Also do not need extra fertilising, reduced labour intensity, what can make the poor abundant fermentation maturity of vinegar utilizes the poor raising rice seedlings of producing of vinegar with matrix and working method thereof.The present invention more purpose of profound meaning justice is to explore the poor batch production batch processing of vinegar, realizes commercialization production, and for processing is easy to cause the vinegar of environmental pollution poor, a difficult problem that solves system vinegar industry finds a new way that solves environmental pollution, turns waste into wealth.

The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of poor raising rice seedlings of producing of vinegar that utilizes is used matrix; The association sub product vinegar that it is characterized in that utilizing brewing edible vinegar production process to obtain is poor to ferment through once lead (aerobic) after adding bacterium and mixing for major ingredient; (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation after bar buttress middle and upper part shop number plant ash cm thick, that account for fermentation materials weight percent 10-12% carries out secondary, the organic content that obtains are not less than 60%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient content reaches 4.0-4.5%, moisture content is less than 20%, acidity-basicity ph 6.0-6.5, soluble ion concentration EC value 2-3mS/cm, the space 22%-25% (V) that breathes freely, water holding space 44-46% (V), germination index be greater than 98% particle matrix.

A kind of working method of utilizing the poor described raising rice seedlings of production claim 1 of vinegar with matrix; Comprise the raw material preparation and---add bacterium and mix---fermentation reactor system---finished product operation; It is characterized in that selecting for use in the raw material preparation process the original vinegar of the association sub product water cut 72-75% that brewing edible vinegar production process obtains poor poor, select for use common plant ash as raw material plant ash as raw material vinegar; Add in the bacterium mixed processes and to add the fermentation that accounts for fermentation materials weight percent 0.1-0.2% and use bacterial classification; The fermentation reactor system operation is made up of (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation after once leading (aerobic) fermentation, secondary; Spread number plant ash cm thick, that account for fermentation materials weight percent 10-12% in bar buttress middle and upper part when (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation behind the secondary.

The object of the invention can also take following further measure to realize:

A described Primary Fermentation is meant is having ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition; The fermentation materials that will add after bacterium mixes piles rectangular the buttress of rising 1.0-1.2 rice, piling 2 meters of bottom width; When 65-75 ℃ of Nei Wenduda of heap; Summer and autumn once a day, winter-spring season once utilizes the throwing machine tool that fermentation materials is thrown to raise to turn over buttress every other day; Summer and autumn through 15-25 days, winter-spring season through 25-35 days, in the fermented product stockpile temperature drop to below 50 ℃, water cut drop to 40% when following for accomplishing a Primary Fermentation process.Above-mentioned add in the bacterium mixed processes add being meant of the fermented bacterium that accounts for fermentation materials weight percent 0.1-0.2% be used for the vinegar many to fibre content, that acidity is higher poor for major ingredient, plant ash be the microbial population that bacterium, yeast, thread fungus, fiber that fermentation materials that auxiliary material is formed carries out can the generation vigor very strong lytic enzyme of aerobic fermentation decompose the actinomycetes composition.Utilize the throwing machine tool to fermentation materials throw raise the effect of turning over buttress be through add the stratified material of forced ventilation and mixing promote aerobic bacteria to material absorb, oxidation, decomposition: the starch in poor, Mierocrystalline cellulose, semicellulose etc. finally are decomposed into carbonic acid gas and water to aerobic bacteria with raw material vinegar through katabolism on the one hand, give off energy simultaneously; And on the other hand in the microorganism growth reproductive process, the part nitrogen is used to synthesized micro-organism cell paste and proteolytic enzyme such as cellulase, protein enzyme etc., and organonitrogen content is improved in the fermentation materials thereby make.Lytic enzymes such as the cellulase that aerobic organism of fermentation crowd produces, protein enzyme can promote organism is resolved into the utilizable small molecules nutritive substance of mikrobe; Further promote growth of aerobic microorganisms; Form abundanter cellular proteins, thereby further improve the content of organonitrogen phosphorus in the fermentation materials.

Described secondary secondary fermentation is meant there being ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition fermentation materials is piled rectangular buttress rising 2 meters in 1.0-1.2 rice, heap bottom width; In shop, bar buttress middle and upper part the number cm thick, account for the plant ash of fermentation materials weight percent 10-12% and do not mix; Reducing moisture loss speed fully becomes thoroughly decomposed material; Turning mixed fermentation material after about 10 days, turning in after this per 5 days once, summer and autumn through 15-25 days, winter-spring season through 25-35 days; Temperature no longer rises in the fermented product stockpile, when identical with envrionment temperature till.Material pH value rises very soon under the main fermentation stage microbial process, piles Wen Gaoda about in the of 70 ℃ in addition, adds the loss that alkaline plant ash will aggravate nitrogen, and the stage is reduced to slightly acidic and material adds plant ash when basicly stable as material pH so Ying Zaihou becomes thoroughly decomposed.

The present invention in implementation process and the raising rice seedlings of implementing to obtain try out in the raising rice seedlings process with matrix, compared with present technology demonstrate following advantage:

1, the matrix of utilizing the present invention to implement to obtain is carried out raising rice seedlings, and germination index is high and need not Mechanical Crushing, does not also need extra fertilising, has also reduced labour intensity.Do not carry out biochemical treatment to vinegar is poor in the documents 1; Adopt air-locked water-proof heat-insulation materials such as topped plastic cloth in the documents 2; And only carry out in tens of days fermentation reactor system processes that turning once mainly relies on anaerobically fermenting, can produce peculiar smell in the fermenting process, attract mosquitos and flies etc.; And the fermentation poor matrix of vinegar that the back forms that finishes, Mierocrystalline cellulose, lignin degradation degree are lower.Among the present invention vinegar poor through once lead (aerobic), secondary after (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fully fermented free from extraneous odour basically in the fermenting process, and palliating degradation degree height such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen.In addition, after the stage of becoming thoroughly decomposed reduce to slightly acidic and material adds plant ash rather than the flyash in the documents 1,2 when basicly stable as material pH.Plant ash is the ashes behind the burning plants, and the mineral element that every plant is contained nearly all contains in the plant ash.What wherein content was maximum is potassium element, generally contains potassium 6-12%, wherein is water-soluble more than 90%, exists with carbonate form; Next is a phosphorus, generally contains 1.5-3%; Also contain micronutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulphur and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, the simultaneous test that waits the potassium amount to use plant ash and chemical potash fertilizer shows: the plant ash fertilizer efficiency is better than chemical potash fertilizer.Therefore the raising rice seedlings that obtains of the present invention with the matrix organic content be not less than 60%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient content reaches 4.0-4.5%; Add that moisture content is less than 20%, acidity-basicity ph 6.0-6.5, soluble ion concentration EC value 2-3mS/cm, ventilative space 22%-25% (V), water holding space 44-46% (V), become and be fit to the good matrix that raising rice seedlings is used fully.Through experiment, germination index is stable to surpass 98%, is up to 120%.And need not Mechanical Crushing, and do not need extra fertilising yet, reduced operation, also reduced labour intensity.

2, quantity is big, fibre content is many, acidity is high to handling, and causes the vinegar of environmental pollution poor easily, solves the reluctant hang-up of system vinegar industry and has important practical significance and social effect.The Zhenjiang, Jiangsu at the applicant place is the largest production base of China's brewing edible vinegar, only the permanent poor few hundred thousand tonnes of that just reaches of vinegar along association in the annual production process of vinegar industry group in Zhenjiang; Successful implementation of the present invention is embodied as through working method of the present invention that organic content is not less than 60%, total nutrient content reaches 4.0-4.5% with the original vinegar of water cut 72-75% is poor, need not Mechanical Crushing; Do not need extra fertilising yet, reduced operation, also reduced labour intensity; Raising rice seedlings is used new medium; Be the poor batch production batch processing of vinegar, realization commercialization production has been opened up one and has been solved environmental pollution, the new important channel of turning waste into wealth.

Claims (4)

1. one kind is utilized the poor raising rice seedlings of producing of vinegar to use matrix; The association sub product vinegar that it is characterized in that utilizing brewing edible vinegar production process to obtain is poor to ferment through once lead (aerobic) after adding bacterium and mixing for major ingredient; (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation after bar buttress middle and upper part shop number plant ash cm thick, that account for fermentation materials weight percent 10-12% carries out secondary, the organic content that obtains are not less than 60%, nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient content reaches 4.0-4.5%, moisture content is less than 20%, acidity-basicity ph 6.0-6.5, soluble ion concentration EC value 2-3mS/cm, the space 22%-25% (V) that breathes freely, water holding space 44-46% (V), germination index be greater than 98% particle matrix.

2. a working method of utilizing the poor described raising rice seedlings of production claim 1 of vinegar with matrix comprises the raw material preparation and---adds bacterium and mix---fermentation reactor system---finished product operation, it is characterized in that

---the original of association sub product water cut 72-75% of selecting for use brewing edible vinegar production process to obtain in the raw material preparation process is pickled with grains or in wine as raw material vinegar, selects for use common plant ash as raw material plant ash;

---add in the bacterium mixed processes and to add the fermentation that accounts for fermentation materials weight percent 0.1-0.2% and use bacterial classification;

---the fermentation reactor system operation is made up of (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation after once leading (aerobic) fermentation, secondary;

---spread number plant ash cm thick, that account for fermentation materials weight percent 10-12% in bar buttress middle and upper part when (becoming thoroughly decomposed) fermentation behind the secondary.

3. raising rice seedlings according to claim 2 is with the working method of matrix; It is characterized in that a described Primary Fermentation is meant having ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition; The fermentation materials that will add after bacterium mixes piles rectangular the buttress of rising 1.0-1.2 rice, piling 2 meters of bottom width; When 65-75 ℃ of Nei Wenduda of heap; Summer and autumn once a day, winter-spring season once utilizes the throwing machine tool that fermentation materials is thrown to raise to turn over buttress every other day, and summer and autumn, through 25-35 days, temperature began to descend in the fermented product stockpile, water cut drops to 50% and be Primary Fermentation process of completion when following through 15-25 days, winter-spring season.

4. raising rice seedlings according to claim 2 is with the working method of matrix; It is characterized in that described secondary secondary fermentation is meant there being ceiling to cover, have in the fermentation plant factory building of ventilation condition piles rectangular buttress rising 2 meters in 1.0-1.2 rice, heap bottom width with fermentation materials; In shop, bar buttress middle and upper part the number cm thick, account for the plant ash of fermentation materials weight percent 10-12% and do not mix, reduce moisture loss speed material is fully become thoroughly decomposed turning mixed fermentation material again after 10 days; After this turning in per 5 days once; Summer and autumn, through 25-35 days, temperature no longer rose in the fermented product stockpile through 15-25 days, winter-spring season, when identical with envrionment temperature till.