CN102584465A - Fast Carya cathayensis Sarg. container seedling matrix and method thereof - Google Patents
Fast Carya cathayensis Sarg. container seedling matrix and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Carya cathayensis Sarg. container seedling raising matrix, which is formed by blending the following raw materials by weight: 34-44 parts of peat, 25-35 parts of perlites, 25-35 parts of garden soil and 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate. The fast Carya cathayensis Sarg. container seedling raising method consists of the following eight steps of: first, preparation of the container seedling raising matrix according to the weight parts of raw materials, second, seed collection and pretreatment, third, warming and germination acceleration of Carya cathayensis Sarg. seeds, fourth, seed potting, fifth, thermal insulation for overwintering, sixth, top dressing of the seedlings, seventh, grafting, and finally outplanting in December. From seed collection to outplanting, only 16 months are needed for robust grafted seedlings that can be transplanted to a land for growing field crops. The method of the invention overcomes the defects of slow growth speed of Carya cathayensis Sarg., long outplanting time, heavy matrix, and inconvenient ball transplanting on mountains in prior art. The seedling raising cycle is shortened, so that the batches of seedling supply to society can be increased, and the utilization rates of a thermotank, a seedbed, a greenhouse and other equipment can also be improved, thus substantially increasing the economic benefits of seedling production units.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to woods fruit tree seedling medium and method, particularly relate to container nursery matrix and method that a kind of Semen Caryae Cathayensis speed is given birth to.
Background technology
Semen Caryae Cathayensis (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) belongs to Juglandaceae hickory plant.It suits to grow in the ls mountain region, and concentrate and originate in ground such as Anji, Zhejiang, Linan, Chunan and Anhui Ningguo, Jixi, be distinctive precious dry fruit of China and woody oil tree species, also be a kind of good ecological economy seeds.Along with people's growth in the living standard, Semen Caryae Cathayensis become ideal high-grade protein fruit, having unique advantage aspect nutritive value, health care, beauty treatment and the pharmacologic action, therefore more and more receive people's favor, and supply falls short of demand for product.The virgin phase of Semen Caryae Cathayensis is long, and early growth is slow, and the planting out seedling-slowing stage is long, the afforestation survival rate is low etc. is to influence the main factor that Semen Caryae Cathayensis is developed always.
The Semen Caryae Cathayensis breeding is main with seed propagation always, and along with the breakthrough of graft technology, the afforestation of Semen Caryae Cathayensis is done sth. in advance the result and is achieved.The Semen Caryae Cathayensis field seedling raising that generally adopts at present exists problems such as growth is slow, to go out the garden time slow, and the exposed root and shoot forestation surviving rate is low, seedling-slowing stage is long, through the container nursery technology; Can accelerate it and go out the garden time; Improve survival rate, also make nursery stock neat more healthy and strong, thereby realize going into operation in advance.The research report of relevant Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery is very few; Once publish " the Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery cuts root and cultivates the technology in strong sprout " literary composition of Mr. such as Li Renyuan " Anhui forestry science and technology " 2008 the 1st, 2 phases through retrieval; Adopt the substrate composition of 2 kinds of schemes: 1. 50% paddy soils+30% yellow soil+20% turf refining is native, adds 3% fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.Prescription is 50% organic matter (like the discarded mushroom rod)+50% yellow soil 2., adds 3% fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, and its matrix is heavier, moves and balled transplanting inconvenience.Roots are cut three times in the front and back that focus on that this strong sprout is technological, cross over three days end to end (about 27 months) from collecting seed to going out the garden, and the incubation period is long.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of container nursery matrix of Semen Caryae Cathayensis fast and method.
Solve the problems of the technologies described above and adopt following technical scheme:
This Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery matrix, being mixed by following raw materials according and weight part thereof forms: 34-44 part peat, 25-35 part perlite, 25-35 part rural area soil and 1 part of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
This Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery matrix, the preferred version that each raw material is mixed is: 39 parts of peat, 30 parts of perlites, 30 parts of rural area soils and 1 part of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
This is the Semen Caryae Cathayensis container seedling culture method fast, carries out as follows:
The preparation of (1) container nursery matrix: 34-44 part peat, 25-35 part perlite, 25-35 part rural area soil and 1 part of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate mix;
(2) The acquisition and pre-processing: acquisition pecans ripe fruit in mid-September, after stacking husk off with 0.2% (mass) NaCl aqueous cleaning, dry, spray mass ratio of one hundred granary clear: Carbendazim = 1 : 1 800-fold diluted with water spray disinfectant surface;
(3) seed heats vernalization: seed is layered on the seedbed of 25-30 ℃ of underground heat and covers with film and heat vernalization, or heat vernalization with in 25-30 ℃ of the thermostat container temperature control;
(4) basin on the seed: the seed that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally through vernalization; In the Nursery that the matrix that (1) be mixed with is housed set by step, every basin is seed of every alms bowl sowing, with the thickness of same matrix covering seed to 2 times of its diameters; Nursery is placed in the booth, and seedling grows gradually;
(5) insulation is survived the winter: seedling is incubated in 5-10 ℃ survives the winter, and places fallen leaves, short its continued growth lentamente;
(6) nursery stock spraying fertilizer: the 3-5 month of next year every two weeks use contain the N amount be 60% urea execute 0.5% (quality) aqueous solution of urea once;
(7) grafting: begin June to cut scion grafting by seedling;
(8) go out the garden: 12 moonrise gardens then, transplant field production.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows from collecting seed only needs 16 months to going out the garden, cultivates into the Graft of robust growth.Overcome prior art Semen Caryae Cathayensis and grown seedlings that seedling growth is slow, to go out the garden time long, the matrix quality is heavy, the band soil defectives such as transplanting inconvenience of going up a hill.Shortened growing-seedling period, both increased to society supply nursery stock batch, improved the utilization ratio of thermostat container, seedbed and booth again, the nursery stock production unit economic is significantly increased.
Embodiment
The present invention does further commentary below in conjunction with embodiment:
Embodiment:
(1) mixes thoroughly with 39 weight part peat, 30 weight part perlites, 30 weight part rural area soils and the mixing of 1 weight part fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate earlier, be mixed with matrix.
(2) collection of seed and pre-treatment: gather the Semen Caryae Cathayensis mature fruit mid-September; Stacking is sloughed behind the outer peel and cleaned, dries in the shade with 0.2% (quality) NaCl aqueous solution, and spray mass ratio is a m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile: 800 times of water diluents of derosal=1: 1 carry out surface sprinkling and sterilize.
(3) seed heats vernalization: seed is layered on the seedbed of 25-30 ℃ of underground heat and covers with film and heat vernalization, or heat vernalization with in 25-30 ℃ of the thermostat container temperature control.
(4) basin on the seed: the seed that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally through vernalization; In the Nursery that the matrix that (1) be mixed with is housed set by step, every basin is seed of every alms bowl sowing, with the thickness of same matrix covering seed to 2 times of its diameters; Nursery is placed in the booth, and seedling grows gradually.
(5) insulation is survived the winter: seedling is survived the winter 5-10 ℃ of total insulation, places fallen leaves, short its continued growth lentamente.
(6) nursery stock spraying fertilizer: the 3-5 moonset two weeks of next year use contain the N amount be 60% urea execute 0.5% (quality) aqueous solution of urea once.
(7) grafting: begin June to cut scion grafting by seedling.
(8) go out the garden: 12 moonrise gardens then, transplant field production.
Its base starting material is described at present:
Peat, perlite, vermiculite, by commercially available acquisition, rural area soil is that the Semen Caryae Cathayensis producing region is local, and through the farming and the mellow soil of cultivating flowers and trees, vegetables, because of the farming of often applying fertilizer, fertility is higher, and crumb structure is good.The P of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate
2O
5Content is 12%, available phosphorus>=15% quality.
The embodiment that also need to prove an above-mentioned preparation matrix is a most preferred embodiment; All the other each raw materials and weight part mixed substrate thereof all can be by each point values in the described interval value; Be mixed into one by one a series of effects still can matrix; This is that colleague's those of ordinary skill can be drawn inferences about other cases from one instance and implemented, and for for simplicity, no longer enumerates out a series of embodiment.
Be example with the physical environment in mountain area, northwest, Zhejiang each execution date in present method correlation step.
Be to realize simultaneous test that the present technique scheme is done and an introduction of situation do of screening with the applicant through the biology statistics at present.
One, seedling medium experimental formula design
The batch mixing test design is adopted in this test; Peat, vermiculite, perlite and 4 kinds of main matrix compositions of rural area soil are selected in test altogether for use; 8 substrate formula are set, and simultaneously (rural area soil, mountain soil, the hickory nut epicarp that becomes thoroughly decomposed, sand volume ratio are 1: 1: 1: 1), each is organized and adds 1 part in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate in addition as base manure with composite soil; To the matrix disinfection, see table 1.Each is handled and cultivates nursery stock 90 strains, 9 treatment group totally 810 strains.Data survey treatment process: measure seedling growth height and leading thread then respectively in July 1, October 1 and on April 1st, 1 in field planting; Carry out comprehensive evaluation according to seedling leading thread, height of seedling as index, analyze of the influence of the seedling medium proportioning of different components seedling leading thread, seedling height growth.Leading thread is used vernier caliper measurement, and height of seedling is measured (be accurate to radix point after 2) with ruler.
Table 1 Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery substrate formula test design
Two, soil physico-chemical property is measured
After 9 substrate formula soil samples are mixed, respectively stay a soil sample (add fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate before mix) to be used for physical and chemical property determining.9 soil samples are measured its pH value respectively through air-dry, the levigate processing of sieving, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic content, with reference to the measuring method of Chen Zhen and Wu Junlan, each measure do three times parallel.
Three, photosynthesis measurement
Utilized the photosynthetic determinator of ABI6400 to measure the photosynthesis index of correlation of nursery stock on July 1st, 2009, each is handled and surveys three strain seedlings, the dependency under the analysis different substrates proportioning between nursery stock photosynthetic rate and seedling growth.Analyze the dependency of each nutritive ingredient of soil, photosynthetic rate and leading thread, height of seedling with correl statistical function among the Excel (2010 people's versions of WPS Office); Analyze the relation between each nutritive ingredient of soil and the photosynthetic rate.
Four, the analysis of different seedling medium physico-chemical properties
Show that by table 2 all about 4, the pH of H7 group is maximum, is 4.26 for the pH of eight test group and a control group.The pH of H1 group is minimum, is 3.93.Minimum and maximumly differ 0.33.The hydrolyzable nitrogen content of H1 is 493.18mg/kg, is nine group mxm.s, and H1 matrix to be peat content the highest one group, so the author thinks that ratio and the contained hydrolyzable nitrogen of peat in matrix is proportional.All between 9--13, the available phosphorus content of control group H9 is starkly lower than other eight groups to the content H1--H8 content of available phosphorus.Quick-acting potassium content H8 content is the highest, reaches 140.00mg/kg, is 2.8 times of 50mg/kg of Schwellenwert H9.Can find out that by table 1 H8 is unique a group with whole four kinds of matrix components of test group.The quick-acting potassium content that H1, H4 and H6 are three groups is minimum, has only 55mg/kg, 65mg/kg, 77mg/kg.
Nine groups of test matrix composition analyses of table 2 result
Five, the growth analysis of different substrates Semen Caryae Cathayensis seedling leading thread, height of seedling
Table 3, table 4 can find out that Semen Caryae Cathayensis seedling leading thread difference was not obvious between each was handled when July 1 measured, and MV is 0.32cm, are up to H6 and H7 and handle 0.33cm, and control group H9 leading thread value is minimum to be 0.25cm.For the second time measure three months between this from measuring for the first time, the Semen Caryae Cathayensis growth of seedling clearly.Wherein H5, H6 group leading thread grow into 0.64cm, 0.69cm by 0.31cm, 0.33cm, have increased by 106%, 109% respectively.The height growth of control group H9 grows into 0.46cm by 0.25cm, has increased by 84%.Measure for the second time to being in hibernation basically during the measurement for the third time, increment is little, and the H6 increment is 24.5% to the maximum.Other group increments are all lower.Nine group height growth MVs are 1.7%.
Than leading thread, height of seedling difference was comparatively obvious when July 1 measured, and it is 20.7cm that H7 reaches peak, and Schwellenwert is 15.3cm for control group H9 still.Season of growth growth obviously, the height of seedling that H6, H7 are two groups grows into 35.5cm, 37.3cm by 20cm, 20.7cm, has grown 65%, 80% respectively.The increment of height of seedling aspect H1, H2 is minimum to grow into 22.8cm, 23.2cm by 16.3cm, 16.5cm, has all grown 40%.Control group H9 height of seedling increment grows into 24.9cm by 15.3cm, has grown 62%.To measuring for the third time, increment is very little, and H6, two groups of height of seedling increments of H7 are 5.6%, 5.3% to the maximum, and other group increments are all lower.
The variation of comprehensive Semen Caryae Cathayensis seedling leading thread and height of seedling growth.Between nine processing, height of seedling difference trend is obvious, and leading thread difference changes little.Measure for the first time extremely and measure the second time, season of growth height of seedling and height growth are big, measure (October 1) measurement (on April 1st, 1) extremely for the third time for the second time and are in dormancy basically, and increment is little, and increment of leading thread is more obvious than height of seedling increment during this.All in all, leading thread, height of seedling are grown under H6, H7, the H8 substrate composition, and H9, H1, H2, H3 upgrowth situation obviously fall behind.
Nine groups of seedling medium Semen Caryae Cathayensis of table 3 seedling height situation statistics
Nine groups of seedling medium Semen Caryae Cathayensis of table 4 leading thread situation statistics
Six, different substrates is handled the photosynthetic analysis of Semen Caryae Cathayensis container seedling
Can be known that by table 5 light of seedling and activity ratio (Photo) H1, H2, H3, H4 are in lower level for four groups, H6 and H9 light and activity ratio are higher.Stomatal conductance (Cond) and light and activity ratio are similar, and H5, H6, H9 value are higher, intercellular CO
2Concentration H3, H5, H9 are higher, and light energy conversion efficiency (Fv '/Fm ') H2 and H8 are in higher level, and each class value of electron transport speed (ETR) is comparatively approaching, and H1 and H2 are in lower level; Transpiration rate (Trmmol) control group is in highest level.Plant light is the main factor that constitutes plant production power with effect, has also reflected the vitality of plant.Can find out that from the value of each parameter H5, H6, H7, H8, H9 light and effect index are in higher level basically; But the H9 light energy conversion efficiency is on the low side, and transpiration rate is big, shows that dry-matter accumulation is relatively poor under the control group matrix; Rising respiration is strong, a little less than the soil water-retaining performance.
Nine groups of seedling medium Semen Caryae Cathayensis of table 5 seedling light and effect index of correlation
Different seedling mediums have remarkably influenced to Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery seedling leading thread, height of seedling growth.Under nine substrate formula, the difference of height of seedling is greater than leading thread between processing.Height of seedling and leading thread are comparatively unified, and in general, leading thread, height of seedling are grown under H6, H7, the H8 substrate composition, and H9, H1, H2, H3 upgrowth situation obviously fall behind.Go down the hill walnut seedling leading thread, height of seedling increment of H6 matrix is maximum, is optimum relatively substrate formula, and composition is a peat: perlite: rural area soil: fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate=39: 30: 30: 1.(matrix is composite soil: garden mould, mountain soil, the hickory nut epicarp that becomes thoroughly decomposed, sand volume ratio are 1: 1: 1: 1) height of seedling only is superior to H1, H2 to control group under the cultivation, and the seedling leading thread is all not as good as other 8 processing.
Claims (3)
1. Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery matrix, it is characterized in that being mixed by following raw materials according and weight part thereof forms: 34-44 part peat, 25-35 part perlite, 25-35 part rural area soil and 1 part of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
2. Semen Caryae Cathayensis container nursery matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that being mixed by following raw materials according and weight part thereof forms: 39 parts of peat, 30 parts of perlites, 30 parts of rural area soils and 1 part of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
3. Semen Caryae Cathayensis container seedling culture method fast is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
The preparation of (1) container nursery matrix: 34-44 part peat, 25-35 part perlite, 25-35 part rural area soil and 1 part of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate mix;
(2) collection of seed and pre-treatment: gather the Semen Caryae Cathayensis mature fruit mid-September; Stacking is sloughed behind the outer peel and cleaned, dries in the shade with 0.2% (quality) NaCl aqueous solution, and spray mass ratio is a m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile: 800 times of water diluents of derosal=1: 1 carry out surface sprinkling and sterilize;
(3) seed heats vernalization: seed is layered on the seedbed of 25-30 ℃ of underground heat and covers with film and heat vernalization, or heat vernalization with in 25-30 ℃ of the thermostat container temperature control;
(4) basin on the seed: the seed that will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally through vernalization, in the Nursery that the matrix that (1) be mixed with is housed set by step, every basin is seed of every alms bowl sowing, covers the thickness of seed to 2 times of its diameters with same matrix, in the Nursery placement booth;
(5) insulation is survived the winter: seedling is incubated in 5-10 ℃ survives the winter;
(6) nursery stock spraying fertilizer: the 3-5 month of next year every two weeks use contain the N amount be 60% urea execute 0.5% (quality) aqueous solution of urea once;
(7) grafting: begin June to cut scion grafting by seedling;
(8) go out the garden: 12 moonrise gardens then, transplant field production.
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| CN103461051A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Planting mode of carya illinoensisk koch in paddy field |
| CN103828679A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-06-04 | 漾濞县涵轩绿色产业开发有限公司 | High-quality and high-yield walnut cultivation method |
| CN103843638A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-11 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Method for increasing afforestation survival rate of bare-rooted seedlings of apocaryas |
| CN104025911A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-10 | 湖北圭萃园农林股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating walnut seedling with container in greenhouse |
| CN104945139A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-30 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Substrate for culturing pecans and method for preparing the same |
| CN105557438A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-05-11 | 杭州润土园艺科技有限公司 | Method for increasing number of cut fruiting side branches of ilex verticillata |
| CN106718772A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Chinese elm Medium of Container Seedling and method |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461051A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Planting mode of carya illinoensisk koch in paddy field |
| CN103828679A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-06-04 | 漾濞县涵轩绿色产业开发有限公司 | High-quality and high-yield walnut cultivation method |
| CN103828679B (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-12-09 | 漾濞县涵轩绿色产业开发有限公司 | A kind of walnut cultivating superior high-yield method |
| CN103843638A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-11 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Method for increasing afforestation survival rate of bare-rooted seedlings of apocaryas |
| CN103843638B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-23 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method improving apocarya exposed root and shoot forestation survival rate |
| CN104025911A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-10 | 湖北圭萃园农林股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating walnut seedling with container in greenhouse |
| CN104945139A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-30 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Substrate for culturing pecans and method for preparing the same |
| CN105557438A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-05-11 | 杭州润土园艺科技有限公司 | Method for increasing number of cut fruiting side branches of ilex verticillata |
| CN105557438B (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2018-06-12 | 杭州润土园艺科技有限公司 | A kind of increase ilex verticillata cuts a method for result side shoot quantity |
| CN106718772A (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Chinese elm Medium of Container Seedling and method |
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