CN115486348B - Cultivation medium and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cultivation medium and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115486348B CN115486348B CN202211131067.XA CN202211131067A CN115486348B CN 115486348 B CN115486348 B CN 115486348B CN 202211131067 A CN202211131067 A CN 202211131067A CN 115486348 B CN115486348 B CN 115486348B
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- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 144
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- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly discloses a cultivation substrate, a preparation method and application thereof. The application provides a cultivation substrate, wherein the water holding porosity of the cultivation substrate is 46.71-50.91%, and the air-water ratio is 0.35-0.48; the preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps: mixing coconut coir, peat and perlite according to a volume ratio to obtain the culture medium; wherein, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, peat and perlite is (1-4): (3-5): (3-5); and application of the culture medium in a kiwi cultivation method. The culture medium provided by the application has the advantages of light texture, high total porosity, good air permeability and water retention, so that kiwi seedlings cultured by using the culture medium have good growth vigor, developed root systems and proper root cap ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation substrate, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The kiwi fruit is a hermaphroditic large-sized deciduous rattan fruit tree, is one of the four most successful fruit trees in 20 th century artificial domestication and cultivation, and has unique flavor and higher nutritional and health care values, thus enjoying the reputation of 'VC king' and 'world precious fruit'. In recent years, the development scale of the Chinese goosebeery industry in China is increasingly enlarged, and along with the mechanized development, a mountain area or a alluvial plain paddy soil area is developed as a Chinese goosebeery plantation, and the soil in the area has heavy texture, poor structure, shallow cultivated layers and poor permeability, so that a certain obstacle is caused for the growth and development of the Chinese goosebeery, and the yield and quality of the Chinese goosebeery are further influenced. Therefore, aiming at the problem of soil obstacle of the kiwi fruit plantation, a great deal of researches are carried out by related personnel, and various improvement methods, such as sand mixing and soil improvement, microbial fertilizer application, crop coverage, soil improvement agent addition and the like, are obtained, however, the method has the problems of high construction difficulty, high improvement cost, slow effect, unsatisfactory effect and the like, and therefore, the method is difficult to realize large-scale popularization and use.
In recent years, the development and application of soilless culture technology provide a new idea for agricultural production, and a good culture medium is one of key factors for cultivating healthy high-quality plants. At present, common matrix raw materials comprise peat, perlite, vermiculite and the like; the peat is the most common in application and good in seedling raising effect, but is a non-renewable resource, ecological environment can be destroyed when being excessively mined, and hardening can be caused by using the peat completely for a long time, so that normal growth of plants is affected; perlite has strong water absorption capacity, but perlite has poor water resistance and is easy to pulverize; vermiculite is also easily powdered over time; and the air permeability and water retention capacity of the culture medium can be reduced by using a certain matrix raw material for a long time, which is unfavorable for the growth and development of plants.
Therefore, a novel cultivation substrate suitable for kiwi fruit growth needs to be provided to solve the problem of soil selectivity in kiwi fruit cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of soil selectivity in kiwi fruit cultivation and improve the development quality of kiwi fruit seedlings, the application provides a cultivation substrate, and a preparation method and application thereof. In a first aspect, the present application provides a cultivation substrate, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation substrate, wherein the water holding porosity of the cultivation substrate is 46.71-50.91%, and the air-water ratio is 0.35-0.48.
As the kiwi fruits belong to the meat root systems, the distribution of the root systems is shallow, and the kiwi fruits are water loving and water logging afraid, the kiwi fruits are suitable for a loose and fertile growth environment with good water drainage; the inventor of the application researches the soil for cultivating the kiwi fruits to obtain a cultivation substrate, the water-holding porosity and the air-water ratio of the cultivation substrate are proper, and the cultivation substrate is utilized to cultivate the kiwi fruit seedlings, so that the root system part of the kiwi fruit seedlings can timely acquire the moisture and the nutrient substances in the cultivation substrate, and the good air permeability of the kiwi fruit root system is ensured, thereby effectively improving the development quality of the kiwi fruit seedlings.
In the present application, the term "air-water ratio" means: the ratio of aeration porosity to water retention porosity of the cultivation substrate; the larger the air-water ratio is, the better the air permeability of the cultivation substrate is, and the smaller the air-water ratio is, the better the water retention of the cultivation substrate is.
In the present application, the term "total porosity" means: the sum of the aeration porosity and the water retention porosity.
Preferably, the water holding porosity of the culture medium is 48.12-49.99%, and the air-water ratio is 0.38-0.45.
According to the application, the water holding porosity and the air-water ratio of the culture medium are further controlled within the range, the obtained culture medium is better in air permeability and water holding capacity, the kiwi fruit seedlings are cultivated by utilizing the culture medium, the plant height and the stem thickness of the kiwi fruit seedlings can be rapidly increased, and the obtained kiwi fruit seedlings are high in chlorophyll relative content, developed in root system, high in biomass and proper in root cap ratio.
Preferably, the volume weight of the culture medium is 0.14-0.15g/cm 3 The total porosity is more than 68%.
The application further controls the volume weight and the total porosity of the culture medium within the range, and the obtained culture medium has loose texture and higher total porosity; the cultivation medium is used for cultivating the kiwi seedlings, so that the plant height and stem thickness of the kiwi seedlings can be further promoted to grow rapidly.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a cultivation substrate, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a culture medium comprises mixing coconut coir, peat and perlite according to volume ratio to obtain the culture medium; wherein, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, the peat and the perlite is (1-4): (3-5): (3-5).
The application prepares a culture medium by using coconut coir, peat and perlite, and compared with the culture medium in the related art, the culture medium has the advantages of lighter texture, high porosity, good air permeability and water retention, and the like. Coconut husk is a product obtained after coconut husk treatment, is a natural organic matter, has wide sources and low cost, has good air permeability and water retention, has certain physical properties, can provide basic mechanical support for a cultivation substrate, and ensures that the cultivation substrate does not collapse. The peat is used as a medium material for cultivating the kiwi seedlings, so that the basic development quality and survival rate of the kiwi seedlings can be ensured, but the peat is poor in porosity and water holding capacity. The perlite has lighter texture and a plurality of small holes on the surface, so the perlite has strong water absorption and air permeability. Therefore, the application adopts the combination of coconut chaff, perlite and peat to obtain a cultivation substrate with loose texture, proper porosity and excellent air permeability and water retention.
In the application, the volume weight of the coconut coir is 0.10-0.14g/cm 3 ；
In the application, the volume weight of peat is 0.14-0.16g/cm 3 ；
In the application, the volume weight of the perlite is 0.05-0.09g/cm 3 。
The volume weight of the coconut coir, peat and perlite is controlled within the range, so that the culture medium has excellent air permeability and water retention, has certain mechanical properties, and ensures that the culture medium does not collapse.
In some embodiments, the volume ratio of coconut coir, peat, and perlite can be (1-2): 4: 4. (1-2): 2: 2.2: (3-4): 4. 2: (4-5): 4. 1: (1.8-2): 4. 1: (2-2.2): 4. 2:4: (3-4), 2:4: (4-5), 1:2: (1.8-2) or 1:2: (2-2.2).
In a specific embodiment, the volume ratio of coconut coir, peat, and perlite may also be 1:4: 4. 1:2:2. 1:1: 1. 2:3: 4. 2:5: 4. 2:4: 3. 2:4: 5. 1:1.8: 2. 1:2.2: 2. 1:2:1.8 or 1:2:2.2.
preferably, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, the peat and the perlite is 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2).
The volume ratio of the coconut coir, the peat and the perlite is further controlled within the above range, so that the air permeability and the water holding capacity of the culture medium are improved, the kiwi fruit seedlings are cultivated by using the culture medium, the root system parts of the kiwi fruit seedlings are loose, the air permeability and the water permeability are better, and the roots and stems of the cultivated kiwi fruit seedlings develop better.
Preferably, the coconut coir is selected from the group consisting of coconut pieces and shredded coconut.
Preferably, the coconut husk is a mixture of the coconut pieces and the shredded coconut; the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut is 1: (0.1-0.4).
In the application, the coconut block is a product directly obtained by cutting coconut shells, has good water absorption and good mechanical property, and can ensure that the culture medium does not collapse; the shredded coconut is a product obtained by analyzing coconut shells by using a shredding machine, and contains a large number of pore structures, and the loose structure of the shredded coconut is very suitable for the growth of kiwi fruit root systems. Therefore, the application selects the coconut block and the shredded coconut for cooperation use, and controls the volume ratio of the coconut block to the shredded coconut to be 1: in the range of (0.1-0.4), the obtained culture medium has good water absorbability and mechanical property and certain air permeability, thereby providing an excellent growth environment for the growth of the kiwi fruits.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut is 1: (0.15-0.35).
Through optimization, the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut is further controlled within the range, the obtained culture medium is more loose in texture, higher in total porosity, better in air permeability and water retention, and the kiwi seedlings are cultivated by utilizing the culture medium, so that the roots and stems of the obtained kiwi seedlings are better in development.
In some embodiments, the application provides a water retention porosity of 48.12-49.99%, a gas-water ratio of 0.38-0.45, and a volume weight of 0.14-0.15g/cm 3 The kiwi seedlings obtained by cultivating the culture medium with the total porosity of more than 68% are developed with high quality. For example, kiwi seedlings after 100 days of development: the net growth of plant height is more than 152cm, the net growth of stem is more than 0.350cm, the biomass is more than 20 g/plant, the total root length is more than 11000cm, and the total root volume is more than 30cm 3 Total root surface area > 1700cm 2 The average root diameter is more than 0.60mm.
In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut may be 1: (0.1-0.15), 1: (0.1-0.25), 1: (0.1-0.35), 1: (0.15-0.25), 1: (0.15-0.35), 1: (0.1-0.4), 1: (0.25-0.35), 1: (0.25-0.4) or 1: (0.35-0.4).
In a specific embodiment, the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut may also be 1:0.1, 1:0.15, 1:0.25, 1:0.35 or 1:0.4.
preferably, the peat has a particle size of 1-10mm; the grain size of the perlite is 3-6mm.
The particle size of peat can influence the porosity of the cultivation substrate, when the particle size of peat is too large, the pores of the cultivation substrate are too large, the water holding capacity of the cultivation substrate can be deteriorated, when the particle size of peat is too small, the pores of the cultivation substrate are too small, the air permeability is deteriorated, when the particle size is too small, the decomposition speed of peat can be accelerated, and the loss speed can be accelerated along with watering. The particle size of the perlite also affects the air permeability and water retention of the cultivation substrate. Therefore, the application controls the grain sizes of peat and perlite in the culture medium within the range, can ensure the air permeability and water retention of the culture medium at the same time, and provides a good environment for the growth of kiwi fruits.
In a third aspect, the application provides an application of a cultivation substrate in a kiwi cultivation method.
The kiwi fruit is suitable for growing in loose, fertile and good-air-permeability and water-drainage soil, and the cultivation substrate provided by the application is light in texture, good in porosity, good in air permeability and water-retention capacity, so that the kiwi fruit cultivation substrate is suitable for kiwi fruit cultivation.
In a fourth aspect, the application provides a method for cultivating kiwi fruits, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of kiwi fruits adopts the cultivation substrate.
Preferably, the kiwi fruit cultivation method comprises the following steps:
filling the culture medium into a culture container, and transplanting kiwi seedlings into the culture container; and (3) periodically irrigating the culture medium with the improved Hoagland nutrient solution.
The application provides a kiwi fruit cultivation method, which comprises the steps of firstly cultivating kiwi fruit seedlings by using a cultivation medium, then regularly irrigating with an improved Hoagland nutrient solution, wherein the kiwi fruit cultivation method is simple, and not only can ensure that the root system of the kiwi fruit seedlings has a loose, breathable and water-retaining growth environment, but also can ensure that the growth environment is continuously provided with sufficient nutrient substances, so that the kiwi fruit seedlings are promoted to grow rapidly.
In summary, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the application provides a cultivation substrate, the water retention porosity of the cultivation substrate is 46.71-50.91%, the air-water ratio is 0.35-0.48, and the cultivation substrate is used for cultivating kiwi fruit seedlings, so that the root system part of the kiwi fruit seedlings can timely acquire moisture and nutrient substances in the cultivation substrate, and good air permeability of the kiwi fruit root system is ensured, and the development quality of the kiwi fruit seedlings is effectively improved.
2. The application prepares the culture medium by using the coconut coir, peat and perlite, and controls the volume ratio of the coconut coir, peat and perlite to be (1-4): (3-5): in the range of (3-5), a cultivation substrate with lighter texture, high porosity, good porosity and good air permeability and water retention is obtained. By utilizing the culture medium to cultivate the kiwi fruit seedlings, the plant height and stem thickness of the kiwi fruit seedlings can be rapidly increased, and the obtained whole kiwi fruit seedlings have good development quality, developed root systems and proper root cap ratio.
3. The application further selects the mixture of the coconut pieces and the shredded coconut as the coconut chaff of the cultivation medium, and controls the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut at 1: in the range of (0.15-0.35), the water holding porosity of the prepared culture medium is 49.21-50.01%, and the air-water ratio is 0.40-0.42.
4. The cultivation medium provided by the application is used for cultivating kiwi fruit seedlings, the net growth of the plant height of the obtained kiwi fruit seedlings is more than 145cm, the net growth of the stem is more than 0.340cm, the biomass is more than 19 g/plant, the total root length is more than 11000cm, and the total root volume is more than 30cm 3 Total root surface area > 1700cm 2 The average root diameter is more than 0.60mm, which indicates that the cultivation medium provided by the application can promote the rapid growth of kiwi fruit seedlings, and the obtained kiwi fruit seedlings have good development quality of root and stem development.
5. The application provides a kiwi fruit cultivation method, which comprises the steps of firstly adopting a cultivation substrate obtained from coconut coir, peat and perlite to cultivate kiwi fruit seedlings, then regularly irrigating with an improved Hoagland nutrient solution, and finally realizing the cultivation of the kiwi fruit seedlings. The cultivation method can ensure that the root system of the kiwi fruit seedlings is always in a loose, breathable and water-retaining growth environment, and can ensure that the growth environment is continuously provided with sufficient nutrients, thereby remarkably improving the development quality of the kiwi fruit seedlings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a kiwi fruit cultivation method provided by the application.
Detailed Description
The application provides a preparation method of a culture medium, which comprises the following specific steps: mixing coconut coir, peat and perlite according to a volume ratio to obtain the cultivation substrate. Wherein, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, peat and perlite is (1-4): (3-5): (3-5); further, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, peat and perlite can be 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2); the grain diameter of peat is 1-10mm; the grain diameter of the perlite is 3-6mm; still further, the coconut coir is a mixture of coconut pieces and shredded coconut; the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut is 1: (0.15-0.35).
The application also provides a kiwi fruit cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, filling a cultivation matrix into a black plastic root controller, then, after the root systems of the kiwi fruit stock seedlings are washed cleanly, transplanting the kiwi fruit stock seedlings into the black plastic root controller filled with the cultivation matrix, planting 1 seedling in each pot, and after transplanting is finished, watering the cultivation matrix thoroughly;
(2) After the seedlings are slowly grown for 6-8 days, an improved Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated by a drip irrigation device, and the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once in the morning and afternoon each day; and after the kiwi fruit stock seedlings grow for 90-110 days, harvesting the whole kiwi fruit seedlings.
In the application, the kiwi seedlings are kiwi stock seedlings, and are cultivated from Sichuan Huasheng agriculture Co., ltd, and the specification of a root controller is 30cm multiplied by 30cm; coconut pieces, shredded coconut and peat are all purchased from Yunnan Hongdou agricultural technologies Co., ltd; perlite is purchased from captain fleshy e-commerce limited; the remaining materials, reagents, solvents, and the like are also commercially available.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples, comparative examples, test experiments and accompanying drawings.
Preparation example
Preparation examples 1 to 11
Preparation examples 1 to 11 each provide a cultivation substrate.
The above preparation example is different in that: the volume ratio of each component in the culture medium is shown in table 1.
The preparation method of the cultivation substrate provided in preparation example 2 comprises the following steps: taking the volume V of the root controller as a standard, V= 21195cm 3 Weighing and uniformly mixing 1V of coconut coir, 2V of peat and 2V of perlite to obtain a cultivation substrate; wherein, the coconut husk is the mixture of coconut piece and shredded coconut, and the volume ratio of coconut piece and shredded coconut is 1:0.25; coconut husk containerWeighing 0.12g/cm 3 The volume weight of peat is 0.15g/cm 3 Perlite has a volume weight of 0.07g/cm 3 。
TABLE 1 volume ratio of the components in the culture substrates provided in preparation examples 1 to 11
Preparation examples 12 to 17
Preparation examples 12 to 17 each provide a cultivation substrate.
Preparation examples 12 to 15 differ from preparation example 2 in that: the volume ratio of coconut pieces to shredded coconut in the culture medium provided in preparation examples 12-15 is shown in Table 2;
preparation examples 16 to 17 differ from preparation example 2 in that: the coconut coir in the cultivation substrate provided in preparation example 16 is coconut block; the coco coir in the culture medium provided in preparation example 17 is shredded coconut;
the amounts of coconut coir used in the cultivation substrates provided in preparation examples 12-17 were 1V.
Note that: coconut coir in preparation 12 has a volume weight of 0.14g/cm 3 Coconut coir in preparation example 13 has a volume weight of 0.13g/cm 3 Coconut coir in preparation example 14 has a volume weight of 0.11g/cm 3 Coconut coir in preparation example 15 has a volume weight of 0.10g/cm 3 The volume weight of the coconut block is 0.16g/cm 3 The volume weight of the shredded coconut is 0.055g/cm 3 。
TABLE 2 volume ratio of coconut coir components in the cultivation substrate provided in PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 and PREPARATIVE EXAMPLES 12-17
Comparative example
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Comparative examples 1 to 3 each provide a cultivation substrate.
The above comparative example is different from preparation example 2 in that: the amounts of the components added to the culture medium are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Components and addition amounts of the culture substrates provided in comparative examples 1 to 3
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 provides a cultivation substrate.
The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps: taking the volume V of the root controller as a standard, measuring and uniformly mixing vermiculite 1V, peat 2V and perlite 2V to obtain the cultivation substrate.
Cultivation substrate property detection
The volume weights and total porosities of the culture substrates provided in preparation examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were examined, and the examination results are shown in Table 4.
Measuring the volume weight, ventilation porosity and water holding porosity of the culture substrates provided in preparation examples 1-17 and comparative examples 1-4 according to the method in Guo Shirong "soilless culture science", detecting 5 groups of data for each culture substrate, and taking an average value; the air-water ratio is obtained by detecting ventilation porosity and water retention porosity, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
air-water ratio = aeration porosity/water retention porosity
TABLE 4 Property measurements of the culture substrates provided in preparation examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 1 to 4
As can be seen from the test results of preparation examples 1-11 and comparative examples 1-4 in Table 4, the cultivation substrate prepared from peat and perlite in comparative example 1 has a water retention porosity of 53.17+ -1.5% and a gas-water ratio of only 0.28+ -0.05, which indicates that the cultivation substrate has poor air permeability; comparative example 2A cultivation substrate prepared from coconut coir and perlite has a water retention porosity of 44.16.+ -. 0.86% and a gas-water content of up to 0.57.+ -. 0.07, indicating that the cultivation substrate isThe air permeability of the culture medium is slightly high and the water holding capacity is slightly poor; comparative example 3 the cultivation substrate prepared from coconut husk and peat had a water retention porosity of 47.17.+ -. 1.21% and a gas-water ratio of only 0.32.+ -. 0.07, indicating that the cultivation substrate has poor air permeability; comparative example 4A cultivation substrate prepared with vermiculite, peat and perlite had a volume weight of 0.164.+ -. 0.0024g/cm 3 The air-water ratio is only 0.27+/-0.01, which indicates that the air permeability of the culture medium is very poor; whereas the cultivation substrates prepared by using coconut coir, peat and perlite in examples 1-7 had a water retention porosity of 46.71-50.91% and a gas-water ratio of 0.35-0.48. Therefore, the application is explained that the volume ratio of coconut coir, peat and perlite in the culture medium is controlled (1-4): (3-5): in the range of (3-5), a cultivation substrate having a loose texture, excellent air permeability and excellent water holding capacity can be obtained. Further comparison shows that the total porosity of the culture substrates provided in preparation example 2 and preparation examples 8-11 is more than 68%, and the volume weight is about 0.145-0.148g/cm 3 The water retention porosity is about 48.12-49.99%, and the air-water ratio is about 0.39-0.43, which shows that the application further controls the volume ratio of coconut coir, peat and perlite in the culture medium to be 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2), the obtained culture medium is looser, breathable and better in water retention.
From the detection results of preparation example 2 and preparation examples 12 to 17, the comprehensive properties of the volume weight, the total porosity, the ventilation porosity, the water holding porosity and the air-water ratio of the culture medium prepared by mixing the shredded coconut with the coconut pieces in preparation examples 2 and 12 to 15 are superior to those of the culture medium prepared by only using the coconut husk or the shredded coconut pieces in preparation examples 16 to 17; further, it was found that the volume weight of the culture medium obtained in preparation example 2 and preparation examples 13 to 14 was about 0.147g/cm 3 The total porosity is 69.9-69.95%, and the air-water ratio is about 0.40-0.42. Therefore, the application is explained that the volume ratio of the coconut chaff to the shredded coconut is controlled at 1: between (0.15 and 0.35), the obtained cultivation substrate has better performance.
Examples
Examples 1 to 17
Examples 1 to 17
Examples 1-17 provide a method for cultivating kiwi fruits, respectively.
The above-described embodiments differ in that: a cultivation substrate adopted in the kiwi fruit cultivation method; the cultivation substrates used in examples 1 to 17 were derived from preparation examples 1 to 17, respectively.
The kiwi fruit cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Firstly, filling a 1V cultivation substrate into a black plastic root controller, then washing the root system of a kiwi fruit stock seedling, transplanting the kiwi fruit stock seedling into the black plastic root controller filled with the cultivation substrate, planting 1 seedling in each pot, and thoroughly watering the cultivation substrate with water after transplanting is finished;
(2) After the seedlings are slowly grown for 7 days, an drip irrigation emitter is used for irrigating the improved Hoagland nutrient solution, and the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once in the morning and afternoon each time, wherein the quantity of the improved Hoagland nutrient solution irrigated each time is 200mL; after the kiwi fruit stock seedlings grow for 100 days, the whole kiwi fruit seedlings are harvested.
Comparative examples 5 to 8
Comparative examples 5 to 8 provide a cultivation method of kiwi fruit, respectively.
The above comparative example is different from example 2 in that: a cultivation substrate adopted in the kiwi fruit cultivation method; the cultivation substrates used in comparative examples 5 to 8 were derived from comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively.
Comparative example 9
Comparative example 9 provides a method of kiwi fruit cultivation.
The above comparative example is different from example 2 in that: the cultivation medium adopted in comparative example 9 is soil in a land park of a Kiwi berry planting base in line with Sichuan Huasheng agricultural share limited; the volume weight of the soil is 1.432+/-0.0249 cm 3 The ratio of air to water is 1.22+/-0.0.
Comparative example 10
Comparative example 10 provides a method of kiwi fruit cultivation.
The above comparative example is different from example 2 in that: the method for cultivating kiwi fruit provided in comparative example 10 is to replace the modified Hoagland nutrient solution in the method for cultivating kiwi fruit provided in example 2 with a potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution.
Comparative example 11
Comparative example 11 provides a method of kiwi fruit cultivation.
The kiwi fruit cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Firstly, washing root systems of kiwi fruit stock seedlings, and then putting the kiwi fruit stock seedlings into a growth regulator for soaking;
(2) Then mixing vermiculite, coconut husk, peat soil and garden soil with 1:2:5:3, mixing the above materials in a volume ratio, and preparing a culture medium; then sterilizing the culture medium by formalin, and filling the culture medium into a black plastic root controller;
(3) Transplanting the soaked kiwi fruit stock seedlings to a black plastic root controller;
(4) After the seedlings are slowly grown for 7 days, an improved Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated by a drip irrigation device, and the improved Hoagland nutrient solution is irrigated once in the morning and afternoon each day; after the kiwi fruit stock seedlings grow for 100 days, the whole kiwi fruit seedlings are harvested.
Growth index detection test
The growth index of the whole kiwi seedlings obtained in examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 5 to 11 was examined, and the results are shown in Table 5.
The growth indexes comprise: net plant height and stem thickness; root parameters: total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter; chlorophyll relative content (SPAD); biomass; root-to-crown ratio.
(1) Measuring the plant height of the kiwi fruit stock seedlings and the whole kiwi fruit seedlings obtained after cultivation by using a tape measure, and calculating the net growth of the plant height; and measuring the stem thickness of the kiwi fruit stock seedlings and the whole kiwi fruit seedlings obtained after cultivation by using a vernier caliper, wherein the measurement position of the stem thickness is 1cm away from the stem base, obtaining the stem thickness of the whole kiwi fruit seedlings, and calculating the net stem thickness increase. ( And (3) injection: the initial bead height of the kiwi fruit stock seedling is 27.6+/-8 cm, the initial stem thickness is 0.31+/-0.043 cm, and the initial fresh weight is 4.5+/-1.1 g )
Net plant height increase = whole kiwi fruit seedling plant height-initial plant height of kiwi fruit stock seedlings
Coarse stem net growth = coarse stem of whole kiwi fruit seedling-coarse initial stem of kiwi fruit stock seedling
(2) Cleaning and wiping a culture medium on the whole kiwi fruit seedling, and dividing the whole kiwi fruit seedling into root systems and trunks; and (3) scanning the root system part by using an Epson Expression 12000XL type root system scanner, and obtaining detection results of total root length, total root volume, total root surface area and average root diameter by using a Win RHIZO root system image analysis program.
(3) Deactivating enzymes of the root system part and the overground part in an oven at 105 ℃, drying at 80 ℃, weighing to obtain dry weight of the root system and dry weight of the overground part respectively, counting biomass and calculating root crown ratio; the biomass refers to the dry weight of the whole kiwi fruit seedling, and the root-cap ratio calculating method comprises the following steps:
root cap ratio = dry root weight/dry aerial parts weight.
(4) 5 functional leaves were continuously taken from the base of the stem every 15d (starting on day 22 after transplanting) during the growth of the seedlings, the chlorophyll relative content (SPAD value) was measured with SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter, and then the average of 5 data was calculated. Total measurement was performed 6 times during the whole culture period; the average of 6 SPAD values was calculated.
TABLE 5 detection results of growth index of Whole Kiwi seedlings obtained in examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 5 to 11
TABLE 6 root parameter test results of Whole kiwi seedlings obtained in examples 1 to 17 and comparative examples 5 to 11
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As is clear from the results of the examination in Table 5 and Table 6, the net growth of the whole kiwi seedlings obtained in examples 1 to 17 by using the cultivation substrates prepared in preparation examples 1 to 17 was > 125cm, the net growth of the stems was > 0.28cm, SPAD > 44, biomass > 16 g/plant, and the totalRoot length > 9000cm and total root surface area > 1500cm 2 The average root diameter is more than 0.55mm, and the total root volume is more than 27cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In comparative example 8, the net growth of the whole kiwi fruit seedlings cultivated by using the cultivation medium prepared from vermiculite, peat and perlite was 99.25cm, the net growth of the stems was 0.212cm, the SPAD was 37.7, the biomass was 9.46 g/plant, the total root length was 8316cm, and the total root volume was 16.25cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Comparative example 9 Whole Kiwi berry seedlings obtained by soil culture in a Kiwi berry planting base garden in line with Jiujiu Kiwi berry from Sichuan Huasheng agricultural Co., ltd. Plant height net growth of 33.02cm, crude stem net growth of 0.172cm, SPAD of 35.3, biomass of 7.53 g/plant, total root length of 2759cm, total root volume of 7.03cm 3 The total root surface area is 508cm 2 The average root diameter is 0.58mm; comparative example 11 uses vermiculite, coir, peat soil and garden soil at 1:2:5:3 mass ratio of the obtained culture medium, the net growth of the plant height of the whole kiwi fruit seedling obtained by culturing is 58.13cm, the net growth of the stem is 0.168cm, the SPAD is 37.9, the biomass is 8.6 g/plant, the total root length is 3498cm, and the total root volume is 10.15cm 3 The total root surface area is 661cm 2 The average root diameter is 0.55mm. Therefore, the application shows that the culture medium with proper porosity and excellent air permeability and water retention can be prepared by adopting the coconut coir, peat and perlite, and the culture medium is used for cultivating the kiwi fruit stock seedlings, so that a whole kiwi fruit seedling with high and thick height, good root development and proper root cap ratio can be obtained.
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution adopted in comparative example 10 was used as a water fertilizer for kiwi fruit watering, the net plant height growth of the obtained whole kiwi fruit seedlings was 128.40cm, the net stem growth was 0.299cm, SPAD was 36.6, biomass was 14.4 g/plant, total root length was 9876cm, total root volume was 26.55cm 3 The total root surface area is 1246cm 2 The average root diameter is 0.55mm, which is obviously lower than that of the modified Hoagland nutrient solution adopted in examples 1-17, which is used as the water fertilizer for kiwi fruit irrigation, and the comprehensive properties of the whole kiwi fruit seedlings are obtained. Therefore, the application shows that the kiwi fruit cultivation medium provided by the application can be obtained by adopting the improved Hoagland nutrient solution to be matched with the cultivation mediumThe development quality of kiwi fruit seedlings is improved in one step.
As is clear from the examination results of examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 5 to 7, the net growth of the whole kiwi seedlings grown in examples 1 to 7 using the culture medium prepared in preparation examples 1 to 7 was > 140cm, the net growth of the stems was > 0.28cm, SPAD was > 44, the biomass was > 17 g/plant, the root cap ratio was 0.71 or more, the total root length was > 9000cm, and the total root surface area was > 1600cm 2 The average root diameter is more than 0.55mm, and the total root volume is more than 27cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Comparative examples 5 to 8 the overall properties of the whole kiwi seedlings cultured using the culture medium prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 were inferior to those of the whole kiwi seedlings obtained in examples 1 to 7. Therefore, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, peat and perlite in the culture medium is controlled to be (1-4): (3-5): in the range of (3-5), the obtained culture medium cultures the kiwi fruit stock seedlings, and the obtained kiwi fruit seedlings have high and thick stems, good root system development quality and proper root cap ratio.
Further comparing the results of examples 1-7 with examples 8-11, it is understood that the volume ratio of coconut coir, peat and perlite in preparation examples 8-11 was controlled to be 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2), the net plant height increment of the whole kiwi fruit seedlings cultivated by the prepared cultivation substrate is more than 145cm, the net stem increment is more than 0.34cm, SPAD is more than or equal to 44.3, biomass is more than 19 g/plant, root cap ratio is more than or equal to 0.75, total root length is more than 11000cm, and total root volume is more than 30cm 3 The total root surface area is more than 1700cm 2 The average root diameter is more than 0.60mm, which shows that the volume ratio of coconut coir, peat and perlite is further controlled at 1: (1.8-2.2): in the range of (1.8-2.2), the kiwi fruit seedlings can be promoted to grow more vigorously, and the root development is more abundant.
According to the detection results of examples 2 and 12-17, the comprehensive properties such as the stem, root and root cap ratio of the whole kiwi fruit seedlings obtained by the mixed culture of coconut pieces and shredded coconut in examples 2 and 12-15 are superior to those of the whole kiwi fruit seedlings obtained by the culture of only one of coconut pieces and shredded coconut in examples 16-17. And further comparing to find that the volume ratio of the coconut block to the shredded coconut is controlled at 1: (0.15-0.35), the whole kiwi seedlings cultivated by the obtained cultivation medium are higher and thicker, the root system development is better, and the root cap ratio is more suitable.
In conclusion, the application adopts the coconut coir, peat and perlite to prepare the cultivation substrate with loose texture and excellent air permeability and water retention, and the cultivation substrate is used for cultivating the kiwi fruit stock seedlings, so that a whole kiwi fruit seedling with high and thick height, good root development and proper root cap ratio can be obtained; through further research, the volume ratio of coconut coir, peat and perlite in the culture medium is controlled to be 1: (1.8-2.2): in the range of (1.8-2.2), the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut is controlled at 1: (0.15-0.35), the obtained culture medium has better performance, the net growth of the plant height of the whole kiwi fruit seedling obtained by culturing the culture medium is more than 145cm, the net growth of the stem is more than 0.34cm, the SPAD is more than or equal to 44.3, the biomass is more than 19 g/plant, the root-to-crown ratio is 0.76-0.78, the total root length is more than 11000cm, and the total root volume is more than 30cm 3 The total root surface area is more than 1700cm 2 The average root diameter is more than 0.60mm.
While the application has been described in detail in the foregoing general description and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the application and are intended to be within the scope of the application as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. A kiwi fruit cultivation medium is characterized in that the kiwi fruit cultivation medium has a water retention porosity of 49.21-49.99%, a gas-water ratio of 0.40-0.42 and a volume weight of 0.147g/cm 3 The total porosity is 69.9-69.95%;
the preparation method of the kiwi fruit cultivation medium comprises the following steps: mixing coconut coir, peat and perlite according to a volume ratio to obtain the culture medium; wherein, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, the peat and the perlite is 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2);
the coconut chaff is a mixture of coconut blocks and shredded coconut; the volume ratio of the coconut pieces to the shredded coconut is 1: (0.25-0.35)
The kiwi fruit cultivation medium is suitable for cultivation of kiwi fruit seedlings;
the grain diameter of the peat is 1-10mm; the grain size of the perlite is 3-6mm.
2. The method for preparing the kiwi fruit cultivation medium according to claim 1, wherein coconut coir, peat and perlite are mixed according to a volume ratio to obtain the kiwi fruit cultivation medium; wherein, the volume ratio of the coconut coir, the peat and the perlite is 1: (1.8-2.2): (1.8-2.2).
3. Use of the kiwi fruit cultivation substrate as defined in claim 1 in a kiwi fruit cultivation method.
4. A method for cultivating kiwi fruits, which is characterized in that the kiwi fruit cultivation medium according to claim 1 is adopted.
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