CN103081791B - Nutrient solution cultivation method of Chinese yews - Google Patents
Nutrient solution cultivation method of Chinese yews Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrient solution cultivation method of Chinese yews and belongs to the method of plant nutrient solution cultivation. The method includes the steps: A, plant treatment: cutting off fibril and reserving main roots to be soaked in carbendazim and naphthylacetic acid; B, planting: planting the Chinese yews inside a planting basket with ceramicite; C, root speeding: placing the Chinese yews inside perlite matrix and enabling intelligentized laminas to be buried inside the perlite matrix, and controlling micro-environment factors to regulate and control a system through a plant non-test-tube rapid propagation expert system; D, root promoting: when matrix roots penetrate out the planting basket, enabling the Chinese yews to be soaked into a nutrient solution water tank and arranging the intelligentized laminas, and controlling the micro-environment factors to regulate and control the system through the plant non-test-tube rapid propagation expert system; E, cultivating to be strong, arranging the intelligentized laminas in the positions of hydrophilous root systems and plant laminas, and controlling the micro-environment factors through the plant non-test-tube rapid propagation expert system; F, modeling: trimming and modeling the Chinese yews into commodity bonsai. By the adoption of the method, breeding time is reduced by 60-80%, the new manual cultivation method of the Chinese yews is initiated, and the new way of utilizing the Chinese yews is expanded.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nutrient fluid cultivation method of plant nutrition liquid cultivation method, particularly a kind of Chinese yew.
Background technology
Chinese yew, claims again Japanese yew, belongs to the rare tree of first-grade state protection, and natural forest resource is exhausted.Chinese yew is aiphyllium, and trunk is perfectly straight, and tree performance grace, takes on a red color when seed maturity, and imitation leather is dazzlingly beautiful, is fabulous potted landscape and green tree species.Chinese yew timber is sturdy and durable, and texture is beautiful, and root, stem are all high-grade material for carving on it, is to belong to the extraordinary woods material of using; Its root, stem, skin, leaf all contain taxol, are the generally acknowledged curing cancer drugs in the world today, and leaf can stimulate the menstrual flow, diuresis, hypotensive, to preventing and treating diabetes and angiocardiopathy has positive effect, are to be worth expensive medicinal woods.In recent years Chinese year potted landscpe is also ready to appear in flowers and trees market, becomes the upstart who attracts people's attention.Chinese year potted landscpe is placed on the indoor effect that has obvious expelling mosquito and purify air, the harmful substances such as its absorbing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, sulphur dioxide, can also absorb the carcinogen such as formaldehyde, benzene,toluene,xylene, exhalation oxygen, playing cancer-resisting health care and air purification effect, is the rare species of beautifying the environment in family room, hotel, hotel and office space.
Prior art document 1CN1194603C discloses the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Chinese yew, and " measure of taking is: a, in clay, adds composite fertilizer; B, append fertilizer again, form loam; C, maintenance soil water content are 35～45%; D, transplanting: before selection Chinese yew resting stage to Chinese yew lateral bud starts to expand, transplant overcast and rainy.Described composite fertilizer consists of: Finland import chlorination ternary 16-16-16, total nutrient >=45%; The composition of described fertilizer raw material is mainly birds droppings and/or pig manure and/or chicken manure; When preparation: a, first fermentation: the container that birds droppings and/or pig manure and/or chicken manure are covered on to sealing, as in Nylon Bag, allows it automatically ferment, and generally needs the time about 2 months; B, dry again: by the fertilizer after fermentation by photosynthesis, dry with hand rubbing just can be powdered till; C, porphyrize again: utilize cylinder by fine ground the fertilizer after drying to Powdered.The light application time of Chinese yew seedling is in summer when intense light irradiation, 3～4 hours every days: be 5～6 hours with the light application time in spring in autumn.In transplanting process, must keep the root system integrality of treelet and the moisture content of Gen Mao to reach 50---60%, when transplanting, guarantee that root system and soil combines closely, and the normal root that waters.When transplanting, the height of seedling, more than 20 centimetres, first will be carried out training and the moulding of Chinese yew seedling before transplanting.Before transplanting, Chinese yew growth of seedling is in booth, and booth can sunshade, moisturizing, illumination appropriateness.Training depends on the circumstances, and need to transplant pruning by bonsai style of potted landscape, needs the moulding of establishing in large scale can select the plate field of unified specification, forms beautiful scenery one, also can use other moulding.After planting yew is good, carry out twice ridging in annual April and August, composite fertilizer and fertilizer should add in clay in the time of ridging.When loam is appended to fertilizer, fertilising quantity is 10 grams of 100 grams of every strains of fertilizer and composite fertilizers; Or fertilising quantity is 2 grams of 5 grams of many strain 100 scholars of fertilizer and composite fertilizer 101 scholars.”
The artificial cultivation method of prior art document 1 disclosed Chinese yew in actual applications, is implemented in clay, adds composite fertilizer, then appends fertilizer, keeps soil water content 35～45%.This artificial cultivation method on the one hand soil cultivation moisture is difficult to accurate control, is difficult to improve survival rate, and damage by disease and insect very easily appears in soil cultivation; Be poor growth on the other hand, be difficult to Fast-propagation and short-term and grow up to nursery stock or commodity potted landscape.
Soilless culture is the important means that improves industrialized agriculture production efficiency, wherein, nutrient fluid cultivation is a kind of novel plant soil-less culturing mode, have another name called water plough, water planting, exactly without soil but with the perlite, the vermiculite etc. that have added nutrient solution as plant growth medium, even do not use medium, directly fixedly swim in the planting type of growing in nutrient solution with foamed plastics.It is application modern biotechnology, by biological, chemistry, physical technique means, plant to common long term growth in soil is induced, tames, cultivates, make it change the high-tech biotechnology means of new generation that can grow for a long time and form in water, its great advantage is thoroughly to have broken away from the restriction of soil condition and cultivated land resource, next is the efficient utilization to water resource, can expand planting range and space, save fertilizer, save manual labor, and acceleration plant growth, improves the quality and yield of plant.Because the production process of whole plant can be completely by computer control, make in plant growth and development process the demand of temperature, moisture, illumination, nutrient and air all the time in optimum state, thereby realize batch production large-scale production, greatly improved labor productivity.
As can be seen here, the nutrient fluid cultivation method of studying and design a kind of Chinese yew that grows up to fast commodity water planting potted landscape is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, study and design the nutrient fluid cultivation method of a kind of Chinese yew that grows up to fast commodity water planting potted landscape.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: utilize plant domestication to cultivate and aquatic induced-mutation technique, pass through root processing, field planting, urge root, urge root, educate the processes such as strong, induction Chinese yew produces aquatic root system, make its root can long period of soaking in water, and keep planting the identical growth characteristics of Chinese yew with soil, and can in the water that adds nutrient solution, grow, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, plant processing: selected anosis, grow fine, blade-carrying plant, first carry out root processing: its root is washed, use the scissors that otch is smoothly sharp and sterilized, fibrous root is all cut, retain the primary roots of 3～5 centimetre lengths, select again carbendazim through 500～1000 times of water dilutions/or tpn, / or to select concentration be 0.2～0.5% potassium permanganate solution, plant root is first soaked 5～10 minutes in one of above-mentioned aqueous solution, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution that is 200mg/L in concentration again, / or the heteroauxin aqueous solution among soak 30～40 minutes, carry out again branches and leaves processing: wipe out top slightly, be then as the criterion to retain original crown width 1/3～1/2, remove other branches and leaves,
B, field planting: the plant that root and branches and leaves were processed, plant and fill 0.5～1.0 centimetre of haydite of particle diameter, 5～10 centimetres of the degree of depth, have in the field planting basket of open-work;
C, urge root: the matrix that plant is placed in to the perlite composition of 0.2～0.3 centimetre of particle diameter together with field planting basket, and embedding to temperature in the close matrix of plant in field planting basket, humidity, illuminance has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated and heats and matrix heating system, atomizing humidifying system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as artificial light filling or diaphragm system, control 24～27 ℃ of the temperature in daytime of plant and root with this, night 15～18 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 70～85%, plant leaf intensity of illumination 5～60,000 lux, induce it to grow new matrix root system, urge 80～90 days duration root phase, described matrix root system, refers to the general name of the root that plant primary roots newly grows in the substrate in the present invention,
Described " intelligent blade " is a kind ofly the isoparametric agricultural control sensor of microenvironment factor temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, EC value that approaches Plant Leaf, stem, root place most can be detected, is the prior art sensor that can purchase from market at present.
Described " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is that one net mask line is electrically connected in " intelligent blade ", through detection and the computing of computer software data, and send instruction in the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system that is subject to its control, as the heat computer hardware equipment of matrix heating system, atomizing humidifying system, artificial light filling or diaphragm system, nutrient solution concentration regulating system etc. of air, it is can purchase from market, the supporting prior art computerized equipment that has corresponding operating software at present.
D, short root: in the time that matrix root is revealed out 2.5～3.5 centimetres of field planting baskets, immersion fills in the tank of dark 4～8 centimetres of nutrient solutions of liquid, must make the matrix root system of revealing out field planting basket have in the air of 1～2 centimetre length on nutrient solution liquid level, and arrange liquid temperature near place at the matrix root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, in mark nutrient solution, EC values a large amount of and microelement concentration have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the liquid temperature regulating system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, acid-base value regulating system, oxygen capacity regulating system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system such as a large amount of and microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel plant matrix root system top newly to grow the aquatic root system that can adapt to grow in water with this, short 50～60 days duration root phase,
Described aquatic root system, refers to the general name of the root that matrix root system top newly grows in nutrient solution in the present invention.
The plant matrix root microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm; Wherein said EC value, also claims conductivity, and English full name: ElectricalConductivity is the power of the solubility salinity conductive capability that exists of the form with charged ion in the soil that can measure by conductivity gauge, matrix, nutrient solution.
Constituent and the ratio thereof of described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 500～550g/T, potassium nitrate 400～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 200～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 95～135g/T, iron chloride 95～125g/T, potassium iodide 2～4g/T, boric acid 0.5～1.5g/T, zinc sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, manganese sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg;
Arranging air themperature near plant leaf place, relative air humidity, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination have sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with the planting environment air themperature system of machine intelligent controlling device control as calculated, relative air humidity regulating system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as intensity of illumination regulating system, the microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 25～27 ℃ of air themperature daytimes, 13～17 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 60～70%, intensity of illumination maintains 4～50,000 lux at least 8 hours daytimes, do not do requirement night,
E, educate strong: in the time that aquatic root system grows under nutrient solution liquid level 2.5～3.5 centimetres of average lengths, must make has 2～3 centimetre lengths on nutrient solution liquid level in air through the matrix root system of field planting basket open-work, and arrange the solution temperature in the microenvironment factor near place at the aquatic root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, EC value has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " as calculated and controls solution temperature regulating system, acid-base value regulating system, oxygen capacity regulating system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system such as a large amount of and microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel the strain bar of plant sturdy with this, tree crown is luxuriant, grow up to the requirement of commodity potted landscape, short 50～60 days duration root phase,
The described aquatic root system place microenvironment factor of educating strong phase immersion nutrient solution is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm;
Described constituent and ratio thereof of educating strong phase nutrient solution is: nitrate of lime 450～550g/T, potassium nitrate 420～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 220～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 100～135g/T, iron chloride 105～125g/T, potassium iodide 3～4g/T, boric acid 1.5～2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 1.5～2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 1.5～2.5/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg;
Educating the strong phase is arranging air themperature near plant leaf place, relative air humidity, intensity of illumination and spray foliage fertilizer and have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the planting environment air themperature system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, relative air humidity regulating system, intensity of illumination regulating system, spray the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as foliage fertilizer system, the described microenvironment factor of educating the strong phase is: 25～27 ℃ of planting environment air themperature daytimes, 15～20 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 80～85%, intensity of illumination maintains 4～50,000 lux at least 8 hours daytimes, increase light filling 6 hour by this intensity of illumination night, every 6 hours, plant leaf is sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration daytime,
F, moulding: 2～4 centimetres of the plant to be planted diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, when 50～60 centimetres of crown width diameters, design is carried out in pollarding in good time, wipe out rotten, weak root, the root of aging blackening, pack into and fill 10～20 times of dilutions and educate being filled with water in transparent vessel of strong phase nutrient solution together with field planting basket, maintaining the matrix root system of revealing out field planting basket, to have airborne on liquid level of 2～3 centimetre lengths to require constant, 120～150 days duration moulding phase, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer every 20～30 days spraying concentrations 2.5% to plant leaf during this time, become water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape finally by check.
The invention process obtains the method for water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape, has compared with prior art shown following beneficial effect through trying out:
1, the time that is bred as nursery stock or commodity water planting potted landscape significantly shortens.Compared with the artificial cultivation method of prior art document 1 disclosed Chinese yew, after the present invention improves on breeding method, the Chinese yew commodity nursery stock of the same diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, crown width shortens within 1 year from 3-5, the 60-80% that has been bred as time decreased.
2, start the tame new method of Chinese yew, expanded the artificial new way of utilizing of Chinese yew, for beautify life has been made contribution to society.Artificial cultivation method for taxus rests on the soil cultivation stage before this, and soil cultivation moisture is difficult to accurate control, causes and is difficult to improve survival rate, very easily occurs the drawbacks such as damage by disease and insect, has blocked Chinese yew artificial breeding; And it is partially cloudy that the biological property of Chinese yew has determined that Chinese yew seedling and treelet stage belong to neutrality, shows according to surveying and determination 1 year raw nursery stock light saturation point 26500lux, 3 years raw nursery stock light saturation point 31200lux, 6 years raw young growth light saturation point 48200lux.A little less than having illustrated that red bean seedling and treelet photosynthesis are, light saturation point and light compensation point are lower, and seedling and treelet Chinese yew are applicable to being made into Chinese year potted landscpe completely, in addition, Chinese year potted landscpe is placed on the indoor effect that has obvious expelling mosquito and purify air, energy absorbing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, the harmful substances such as sulphur dioxide, can also absorb formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, the carcinogens such as dimethylbenzene, exhalation oxygen, play cancer-resisting health-care effect and air purification effect, it is family room, hotel, the rare species of beautifying the environment in hotel and office space, the present invention has expanded the artificial new way of utilizing of Chinese yew, the water planting Chinese year potted landscpe being particularly bred as fast will be people's beautify life, make contribution to society.
Embodiment
The test of embodiment Chinese yew nutrient fluid cultivation
The enforcement time: in April, 2011～2012 year April; Implement place: the Chinese holly Agricultural Park, hereditary property town, Dantu District, industry at the applicant place; Content of the test: utilize plant domestication to cultivate and aquatic induced-mutation technique, through root processing, field planting, urge root, short root, educate the processes such as strong, moulding, induction Chinese yew produces aquatic root system, make its root can long period of soaking in water, and keep planting the identical growth characteristics of Chinese yew with soil, and can in the water that adds nutrient solution, grow, testing program:
A, plant processing: selected anosis, grow fine, blade-carrying plant, first carry out root processing: its root is washed, use the scissors that otch is smoothly sharp and sterilized, fibrous root is all cut, retain the primary roots of 3～5 centimetre lengths, select again the carbendazim doubly through water dilution 500-1000, plant root is first soaked 5～10 minutes in one of above-mentioned aqueous solution, then the methyl α-naphthyl acetate that is 200mg/L in concentration, or among heteroauxin, soak 30～40 minutes; Carry out again branches and leaves processing: wipe out top slightly, be then as the criterion to retain original crown width 1/3～1/2, remove other branches and leaves;
B, field planting: the plant that root and branches and leaves were processed, plant and fill 0.5～1.0 centimetre of haydite of particle diameter, 5～10 centimetres of the degree of depth, have in the field planting basket of open-work;
C, urge root: the matrix that plant is placed in to the perlite composition of 0.2～0.3 centimetre of particle diameter together with field planting basket, and embedding to temperature in the close matrix of plant in field planting basket, humidity, illuminance has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", select the A type " intelligent blade " of Wuxi automation control element Co., Ltd, " intelligent blade " is connected with the air that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated and heats and matrix heating system, atomizing humidifying system, artificial light filling or diaphragm system, the VO4 type " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " that " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " selects Lishui of Zhejiang Institute of agricultural sciences to produce, control 24～27 ℃ of the temperature in daytime of plant and root with this, night 15～18 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 70～85%, plant leaf intensity of illumination 5～60,000 lux, induce it to grow new matrix root system, urge 80～90 days duration root phase,
D, short root: in the time that matrix root is revealed out 2.5～3.5 centimetres of field planting baskets, immersion fills in the tank of dark 4～8 centimetres of nutrient solutions of liquid, the airborne length of the matrix root system of revealing out field planting basket in test on nutrient solution liquid level is made as and does not expose respectively, expose 1～1.9cm, 2～3cm, first more than 3cm, second, third, four groups of fourths, and arrange liquid temperature near place at the matrix root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, in mark nutrient solution, EC values a large amount of and microelement concentration have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the liquid temperature regulating system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, acid-base value regulating system, oxygen capacity regulating system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system such as a large amount of and microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel plant matrix root system top newly to grow the aquatic root system that can adapt to grow in water with this,
The plant matrix root microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm;
Preferred constituent and the ratio thereof of described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 520g/T, potassium nitrate 430g/T, magnesium sulfate 220g/T, ammonium phosphate 110g/T, iron chloride 115g/T, potassium iodide 3g/T, boric acid 1g/T, zinc sulphate 1g/T, manganese sulphate 1g/T, all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg.
Arranging near plant leaf place cultivation microenvironment factor air themperature, relative air humidity, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination have sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air themperature system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, relative air humidity regulating system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as intensity of illumination regulating system, the microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 25～27 ℃ of air themperature daytimes, 13～17 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 60～70%, intensity of illumination maintains 4～50,000 lux at least 8 hours daytimes, do not do requirement night,
When short the 7th, 14,21,28 days root phases, the aquatic root system counting statistics respectively the matrix root system top of place group being grown, result is as follows:
Effect analysis: the aquatic radical of second group that exposes 1～1.9cm is maximum; Third group that exposes 2～3cm is taken second place; The first group of not exposing is the poorest.
E, educate strong: in the time that aquatic root system grows under nutrient solution liquid level average length 2.5-3.5 centimetre, the airborne length of the matrix root system of revealing out field planting basket in test on nutrient solution liquid level is made as and does not expose respectively, expose 1～1.9cm, 2～3cm, first more than 3cm, second, third, four groups of fourths, and arrange the solution temperature in the microenvironment factor near place in the water root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, EC value has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " as calculated and controls solution temperature regulating system, acid-base value regulating system, oxygen capacity regulating system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system such as a large amount of and microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel the strain bar of plant sturdy with this, tree crown is luxuriant, grow up to the requirement of commodity potted landscape, short 50～60 days duration root phase,
The described aquatic root system place microenvironment factor of educating strong phase immersion nutrient solution is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm;
Described preferred constituent and ratio thereof of educating strong phase nutrient solution is: nitrate of lime 550g/T, potassium nitrate 450g/T, magnesium sulfate 250g/T, ammonium phosphate 135g/T, iron chloride 125g/T, potassium iodide 4g/T, boric acid 2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 2.5/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg;
Educating the strong phase is arranging microenvironment factor planting environment air themperature near plant leaf place, relative air humidity, intensity of illumination and spray foliage fertilizer and have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the planting environment air themperature system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, relative air humidity regulating system, intensity of illumination regulating system, spray the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as foliage fertilizer system, the described microenvironment factor of educating the strong phase is: 25～27 ℃ of planting environment air themperature daytimes, 15～20 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 80～85%, intensity of illumination maintains 4～50,000 lux at least 8 hours daytimes, increase light filling 6 hour by this intensity of illumination night, every 6 hours, plant leaf is sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration daytime,
While educating strong the 7th, 14,21,28 days phases, the water root length counting statistics to place group respectively, measurement unit centimetre, result is as follows:
Effect analysis: the third group of water root that exposes 2～3cm is the longest; Exposing the second group of 1～1.9cm takes second place; The first group of not exposing is the poorest.
F, moulding: 2～4 centimetres of the plant to be planted diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, when 50～60 centimetres of crown width diameters, design is carried out in pollarding in good time, wipe out rotten, weak root, the root of aging blackening, pack into and fill 10～20 times of dilutions and educate being filled with water in transparent vessel of strong phase nutrient solution together with field planting basket, maintaining the matrix root system of revealing out field planting basket, to have airborne on liquid level of 2～3 centimetre lengths to require constant, 120～150 days duration moulding phase, the foliage fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution every 20～30 days spraying concentrations 2.5% to plant leaf during this time, finally by check, be respectively charged into and in the vial with different designs, become water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape.
Chinese yew commodity potted landscape routine servicing is as follows: if breed fish in vial, changing water must be hardworking, select to leave standstill running water or the rainwater of a couple of days, within 5～7 days, change once, can execute foliage fertilizer or use a small amount of slow-release fertilizer harmless to pet fish at the blue root of field planting branches and leaves; If do not breed fish, can change water one time by two weeks, in water, can drip certain density nutrient solution; Observe water and occur muddiness, should change immediately; Require during this time 15～20 days clean Chinese yew root mucus, cut off the root of blackout; If occur rotten, remove rotten, pour out original cultivation water simultaneously, change the running water or the rainwater that leave standstill a couple of days.
Claims (7)
1. a nutrient fluid cultivation method for Chinese yew, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, plant processing: selected anosis, grow fine, blade-carrying plant, first carry out root processing: its root is washed, use the scissors that otch is smoothly sharp and sterilized, fibrous root is all cut, retain the primary roots of 3～5 centimetre lengths, select again carbendazim through 500～1000 times of water dilutions/or tpn, / or to select concentration be 0.2～0.5% potassium permanganate solution, plant root is first soaked 5～10 minutes in one of above-mentioned aqueous solution, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution that is 200mg/L in concentration again, / or the heteroauxin aqueous solution among soak 30～40 minutes, carry out again branches and leaves processing: wipe out top slightly, be then as the criterion to retain original crown width 1/3～1/2, remove other branches and leaves,
B, field planting: the plant that root and branches and leaves were processed, plant and fill 0.5～1.0 centimetre of haydite of particle diameter, 5～10 centimetres of the degree of depth, have in the field planting basket of open-work;
C, urge root: the matrix that plant is placed in to the perlite composition of 0.2～0.3 centimetre of particle diameter together with field planting basket, and embedding to temperature in the close matrix of plant in field planting basket, humidity, illuminance has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated and heats and matrix heating system, atomizing humidifying system, artificial light filling or diaphragm system microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system, control 24～27 ℃ of the temperature in daytime of plant and root with this, night 15～18 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 70～85%, plant leaf intensity of illumination 5～60,000 lux, induce it to grow new matrix root system, urge 80～90 days duration root phase,
D, short root: in the time that matrix root is revealed out 2.5～3.5 centimetres of field planting baskets, immersion fills in the tank of dark 4～8 centimetres of nutrient solutions of liquid, must make the matrix root system of revealing out field planting basket have in the air of 1～2 centimetre length on nutrient solution liquid level, and arrange liquid temperature near place at the matrix root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, in mark nutrient solution, EC values a large amount of and microelement concentration have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the liquid temperature regulating system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, acid-base value regulating system, oxygen capacity regulating system, a large amount of and microelement concentration regulating system microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system in nutrient solution, short 50～60 days duration root phase, the plant matrix root microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm, constituent and the ratio thereof of described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 500～550g/T, potassium nitrate 400～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 200～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 95～135g/T, iron chloride 95～125g/T, potassium iodide 2～4g/T, boric acid 0.5～1.5g/T, zinc sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, manganese sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg, arranging near plant leaf place cultivation microenvironment factor air themperature, relative air humidity, the intensity of illumination microenvironment factor has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air themperature system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, relative air humidity regulating system, intensity of illumination regulating system microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system, the microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 25～27 ℃ of air themperature daytimes, 13～17 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 60～70%, intensity of illumination maintains 4～50,000 lux at least 8 hours daytimes, do not do requirement night,
E, educate strong: in the time that aquatic root system grows under nutrient solution liquid level 2.5～3.5 centimetres of average lengths, must make has 2～3 centimetre lengths on nutrient solution liquid level in air through the matrix root system of field planting basket open-work, and arrange the solution temperature in the microenvironment factor near place at the aquatic root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, E C value has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " as calculated and controls solution temperature regulating system, acid-base value regulating system, oxygen capacity regulating system, a large amount of and microelement concentration regulating system microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system in nutrient solution, short 50～60 days duration root phase, the described aquatic root system place microenvironment factor of educating strong phase immersion nutrient solution is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm, described constituent and ratio thereof of educating strong phase nutrient solution is: nitrate of lime 450～550g/T, potassium nitrate 420～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 220～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 100～135g/T, iron chloride 105～125g/T, potassium iodide 3～4g/T, boric acid 1.5～2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 1.5～2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 1.5～2.5/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg, educating the strong phase is arranging microenvironment factor planting environment air themperature near plant leaf place, relative air humidity, intensity of illumination and spray foliage fertilizer and have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the air themperature system that machine intelligent controlling device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is controlled as calculated, relative air humidity regulating system, intensity of illumination regulating system, spray foliage fertilizer system microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system, the described microenvironment factor of educating the strong phase is: 25～27 ℃ of planting environment air themperature daytimes, 15～20 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 80～85%, intensity of illumination maintains 4～50,000 lux at least 8 hours daytimes, increase light filling 6 hour by this intensity of illumination night, every 6 hours, plant leaf is sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration daytime,
F, moulding: 2～4 centimetres of the plant to be planted diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, when 50～60 centimetres of crown width diameters, design is carried out in pollarding in good time, wipe out rotten, weak root, the root of aging blackening, pack into and fill 10～20 times of dilutions and educate being filled with water in transparent vessel of strong phase nutrient solution together with field planting basket, maintain and reveal out that the matrix root system of field planting basket has the airborne requirement of 2～3 centimetre lengths on liquid level, 120～150 days duration moulding phase, during this time plant leaf was sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration every 20～30 days, become water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape finally by check.
2. according to the nutrient fluid cultivation method of claim Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described matrix root system refers to the general name of the root that plant root newly grows in the substrate.
3. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, is characterized in that described " intelligent blade " is that a kind of can detecting approaches microenvironment factor temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, acidity-basicity ph value, the dissolved oxygen content at Plant Leaf, stem, root place, the agricultural control sensor of EC value parameter most.
4. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is that one net mask line is electrically connected in " intelligent blade ", through detection and the computing of computer software data, and send instruction in the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system that is subject to its control, air heat matrix heating system, atomizing humidifying system, artificial light filling or diaphragm system, nutrient solution concentration regulating system, the supporting computerized equipment that has corresponding operating software.
5. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, is characterized in that described aquatic root system refers to the general name of the root that matrix root system top newly grows in nutrient solution.
6. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, the preferred constituent and the ratio thereof that it is characterized in that described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 520g/T, potassium nitrate 430g/T, magnesium sulfate 220g/T, ammonium phosphate 110g/T, iron chloride 115g/T, potassium iodide 3g/T, boric acid 1g/T, zinc sulphate 1g/T, manganese sulphate 1g/T, all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg.
7. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, preferred constituent and the ratio thereof of described in it is characterized in that, educating strong phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 550g/T, potassium nitrate 450g/T, magnesium sulfate 250g/T, ammonium phosphate 135g/T, iron chloride 125g/T, potassium iodide 4g/T, boric acid 2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 2.5/T, all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg.
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