CN110946054A - Tea tree culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tea tree culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110946054A CN110946054A CN201910980456.1A CN201910980456A CN110946054A CN 110946054 A CN110946054 A CN 110946054A CN 201910980456 A CN201910980456 A CN 201910980456A CN 110946054 A CN110946054 A CN 110946054A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention discloses a tea tree culture medium which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350 parts of biological fertilizer, 200 parts of vinegar residue, 200 parts of diatomite, 200 parts of humus, 50-100 parts of perlite and 50-100 parts of river sand; the biological fertilizer is prepared by taking tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite as raw materials and mixing rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis as microbial inoculums for fermentation. The tea tree culture medium disclosed by the invention can improve the seed germination speed, ensure the uniformity of tea seedlings, promote the tea seedlings to root quickly, and improve the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings, the tea yield and the tea seed yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree cultivation, in particular to a tea tree cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the tea tree is cultivated mainly by a cuttage method, and a direct seeding method is less adopted; mainly because the germination rate of direct seeding seeds is low, the seedlings emerge irregularly, the resistance of seedlings is poor, and the survival rate is low.
However, although the tea tree cultivated by the cutting method can shorten the seedling cultivation time and improve the survival rate, the tea tree cultivated by the cutting method is more prone to aging compared with the sowing cultivation, the quality of tea leaves and the number of blossoms and fruits are affected, the yield of the tea leaves and tea seeds is reduced, and the economic benefit is affected.
Therefore, how to obtain the technical problem of improving the seed germination speed and the tea seedling transplanting survival rate through the optimization of the culture medium is an urgent need to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a tea tree culture medium, which is suitable for direct seeding with seeds and can be applied to field culture of tea seedlings, so that the seed germination speed is increased, and the tea seedling transplanting survival rate is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a tea tree culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
350 parts of biological fertilizer, 200 parts of vinegar residue, 200 parts of diatomite, 200 parts of humus, 50-100 parts of perlite and 50-100 parts of river sand;
the biological fertilizer is prepared by taking tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite as raw materials and mixing rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis as microbial inoculums for fermentation.
The biofertilizer is prepared by fermenting tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite as raw materials, so that other fertilizers do not need to be added in the tea seedling cultivation process, the fertilizer effect is fast compared with that of a common organic fertilizer, and the fertility is lasting, mild and pollution-free. The four specific microorganisms in the microbial inoculum are matched with each other, so that the growth and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited, and the root systems of seeds and tea seedlings are prevented from rotting in a moist substrate; the tea seed shells, the waste tea branches and leaves, the soybean seedlings, the corn straws and other components in the tea tree culture medium can be decomposed, and the absorption of nutrient substances is promoted; on the other hand, the method can also promote the tea seedlings to root rapidly and improve the transplanting survival rate.
The vinegar residue is the waste of solid fermentation vinegar brewing, and contains rich nutrient substances, particularly starch and cellulose. The vinegar residue is used as a culture medium, on one hand, the vinegar residue is matched with a biological fertilizer to provide nutrient components, on the other hand, the fluffy vinegar residue enables a plurality of pores in the culture medium to be matched with diatomite, humus, perlite and river sand, so that the water is preserved, the air permeability of the culture medium is increased, and the root growth environment of the tea seedlings is further improved.
The components in the matrix are mixed according to specific granularity and specific dosage, so that the matrix is breathable, loose and water-retaining, and further, the rooting time is favorably shortened, and the rooting rate is improved.
Further, the tea tree culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
300 parts of biological fertilizer, 250 parts of vinegar residue, 150 parts of diatomite, 150 parts of humus, 80 parts of perlite and 70 parts of river sand.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the tea seed shells, the waste tea branches and leaves, the soybean seedlings, the corn straws and the diatomite in the biological fertilizer is (1-2) to (2-4) to (1-2); the using amount ratio of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis in the microbial inoculum is (2-3) to 1; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 15-20% of the total weight of the raw materials of the biological fertilizer.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the tea seed shells, the waste tea branches and leaves, the soybean seedlings, the corn straws and the diatomite in the biological fertilizer is 2: 3: 2: 1: 2; the dosage ratio of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis in the microbial inoculum is 2: 1; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials of the biological fertilizer.
Further, rhodopseudomonas palustris is rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC17003, bacillus licheniformis is bacillus licheniformis ATCC11946, lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 and candida utilis is candida utilis ATCC 22023.
Furthermore, the granularity of perlite in the raw materials of the tea tree culture substrate is 100-150 meshes, the granularity of river sand is 40-70 meshes, and the granularity of diatomite is 100-150 meshes; the crushing granularity of the tea seed shells in the raw materials of the biological fertilizer is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the branches and leaves of the waste tea trees is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the soybean seedlings is 150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the corn straws is 150 meshes and the crushing granularity of the diatomite is 30-80 meshes.
The raw materials in the matrix are mixed according to specific granularity and specific dosage, so that the matrix is breathable, loose and water-retaining, further, the seed germination time is favorably shortened, the seed germination rate is improved, and the tea seedling uniformity is improved; and the rooting speed of the tea seedlings is accelerated, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
Furthermore, diatomite is added into the raw materials of the biological fertilizer, so that on one hand, the air permeability of the compost is improved, and the fermentation is more sufficient; on the other hand, the biological fertilizer has adsorption effect on microbial inoculum and nutrient components, and ensures that the fertility of the biological fertilizer is more durable.
The preparation method of any one of the tea tree culture substrates comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of biofertilizer
Respectively drying and crushing tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
culturing Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis respectively, centrifuging the obtained bacterial solution to remove supernatant, and resuspending the thallus with sterile water to obtain the final product with concentration of 1 × 108-1×109Per mL of bacterial suspension; mixing bacterial suspensions of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis to prepare a microbial inoculum;
inoculating the microbial inoculum into the mixture, uniformly stirring, composting for 3-5d, and turning over every 6-8 h;
(2) uniformly mixing the bio-fertilizer, the vinegar residue, the diatomite, the humus, the perlite and the river sand, and stacking for 12h to obtain the tea tree cultivation product.
Further, the tea seed shells, the waste tea branches and leaves, the soybean seedlings, the corn straws and the diatomite are respectively dried until the water content is not more than 20 percent before being mixed.
Furthermore, the application of the tea tree culture medium in tea tree culture,
(1) sowing seeds in a tea tree culture medium, watering, maintaining the humidity of the medium to be 60-70%, the cultivation temperature to be 20-25 ℃, the illumination intensity to be 1500-; applying biofertilizer every 2 weeks; planting the plants in the field when the plant height is more than 25 cm;
(2) spreading tea tree culture medium 8-10cm thick at the bottom of each hole when transplanting to field; after transplanting, turning over the surface of the tea seedling every 2-3 months and covering soil, and applying 50-60 kg/mu of bio-fertilizer.
According to the technical scheme, the tea tree culture medium disclosed by the invention can improve the seed germination speed, ensure the uniformity of tea seedlings, promote the tea seedlings to root quickly, and improve the transplanting survival rate of the tea seedlings, the tea yield and the tea seed yield.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The tea seed shells and the waste tea branches and leaves in the examples and the comparative examples are wastes in the cultivation and production process of the Fuding Dabai.
Example 1
1. Preparing a microbial inoculum:
culturing Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC17003, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC11946, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 and Candida utilis ATCC22023 respectively, centrifuging the obtained bacterial liquid to remove supernatant, and resuspending the bacteria with sterile water to obtain the final product with concentration of 1 × 108The suspension is/mL. Mixing bacterial suspensions of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis according to the volume ratio of 2: 1 to prepare the microbial inoculum.
2. Preparing a mixture:
drying tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite until the water content is not more than 20%, and then respectively crushing; the crushing granularity of the tea seed shells is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the waste tea branches and leaves is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the soybean seedlings is 150 meshes in a range of 100 meshes, the crushing granularity of the corn straws is 150 meshes in a range of 100 meshes, and the granularity of the diatomite is 30-80 meshes.
After being crushed, the tea seeds and the shells, the waste tea branches and leaves, the soybean seedlings, the corn straws and the diatomite are weighed according to the weight ratio of 2: 3: 2: 1: 2 and are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture.
3. Preparing a biological fertilizer:
inoculating the microbial inoculum into the mixture according to the inoculum size of 20% (20g/100g), uniformly mixing, adding a proper amount of water, adjusting the water content of the compost to about 40%, composting for 4 days at normal temperature, and turning over once every 6h to obtain the biological fertilizer.
4. Preparing a tea tree culture medium:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of biological fertilizer, 250 parts of vinegar residue, 150 parts of diatomite (100-150 meshes), 150 parts of humus, 80 parts of perlite (100-150 meshes) and 70 parts of river sand (40-70 meshes); and after being uniformly mixed, stacking for 12 hours to be used for tea tree cultivation.
Example 2
1. Preparing a microbial inoculum:
culturing Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC17003, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC11946, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 and Candida utilis ATCC22023 respectively, centrifuging the obtained bacterial liquid to remove supernatant, and resuspending the bacteria with sterile water to obtain the final product with concentration of 1 × 109The suspension is/mL. Mixing bacterial suspensions of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 1 to prepare the microbial inoculum.
2. Preparing a mixture:
drying tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite until the water content is not more than 20%, and then respectively crushing; the crushing granularity of the tea seed shells is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the waste tea branches and leaves is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the soybean seedlings is 150 meshes in a range of 100 meshes, the crushing granularity of the corn straws is 150 meshes in a range of 100 meshes, and the granularity of the diatomite is 30-80 meshes.
After being crushed, the tea seeds and the shells, the waste tea branches and leaves, the soybean seedlings, the corn straws and the diatomite are weighed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 and are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture.
3. Preparing a biological fertilizer:
inoculating the microbial inoculum into the mixture according to the inoculum size of 15% (15g/100g), uniformly mixing, adding a proper amount of water, adjusting the water content of the compost to about 40%, composting for 5 days at normal temperature, and turning over once every 8h to obtain the biological fertilizer.
4. Preparing a tea tree culture medium:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of biological fertilizer, 250 parts of vinegar residue, 150 parts of diatomite (100-150 meshes), 150 parts of humus, 80 parts of perlite (100-150 meshes) and 70 parts of river sand (40-70 meshes); and after being uniformly mixed, stacking for 12 hours to be used for tea tree cultivation.
Example 3
1. Preparing a microbial inoculum:
culturing Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC17003, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC11946, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 and Candida utilis ATCC22023 respectively, centrifuging the obtained bacterial liquid to remove supernatant, and resuspending the bacteria with sterile water to obtain the final product with concentration of 1 × 108The suspension is/mL. Mixing bacterial suspensions of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis according to the volume ratio of 2: 3: 1 to prepare the microbial inoculum.
2. Preparing a mixture:
drying tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite until the water content is not more than 20%, and then respectively crushing; the crushing granularity of the tea seed shells is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the waste tea branches and leaves is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the soybean seedlings is 150 meshes in a range of 100 meshes, the crushing granularity of the corn straws is 150 meshes in a range of 100 meshes, and the granularity of the diatomite is 30-80 meshes.
After being crushed, the tea seeds and the shells, the waste tea branches and leaves, the soybean seedlings, the corn straws and the diatomite are weighed according to the weight ratio of 1: 4: 2: 1: 2 and are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture.
3. Preparing a biological fertilizer:
inoculating the microbial inoculum into the mixture according to the inoculum size of 18% (18g/100g), uniformly mixing, adding a proper amount of water, adjusting the water content of the compost to about 40%, composting for 3d at normal temperature, and turning over once every 7h to obtain the biological fertilizer.
4. Preparing a tea tree culture medium:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of biological fertilizer, 250 parts of vinegar residue, 150 parts of diatomite (100-150 meshes), 150 parts of humus, 80 parts of perlite (100-150 meshes) and 70 parts of river sand (40-70 meshes); and after being uniformly mixed, stacking for 12 hours to be used for tea tree cultivation.
Example 4
The great white tea of Fuding is taken as a research object, and seeds are soaked for 12 hours at normal temperature by using clear water. After seed soaking, sowing seeds in the tea tree cultivation substrate prepared in the embodiment 1 in a greenhouse, wherein the sowing depth is about 4cm, watering, maintaining the substrate humidity at 60-70%, the cultivation temperature at 23 ℃, the illumination intensity at 1500Lx and the illumination period at 12 h/d; biofertilizer was applied at about 50 g/strain every 2 weeks.
The following comparative examples were set, and each comparative example was cultivated simultaneously with example 4, 300 plants per group, and from the end of the seed soaking treatment, the time of emergence of the tea seedlings was observed, and the rate of emergence was counted on day 25.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the adjusted mixture on the basis of the example 4 comprises the following steps:
drying the waste tea branches and leaves and the corn straws until the water content is not more than 20%, and then respectively crushing; the crushing granularity of the branches and leaves of the waste tea trees is 80-150 meshes, and the crushing granularity of the corn straws is 100-150 meshes.
Crushing the tea leaves according to the waste tea branches and leaves; the corn straws are weighed according to the weight ratio of 3: 2 and uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture.
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the microbial inoculum adjusted on the basis of the embodiment 4 comprises the following steps:
respectively culturing Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014 and Candida utilis ATCC22023, centrifuging the obtained bacterial liquid to remove supernatant, and resuspending the thallus with sterile water to obtain a suspension with a concentration of 1 × 108The suspension is/mL. Mixing the bacterial suspensions of the lactobacillus plantarum and the candida utilis in a volume ratio of 1: 1 to prepare the microbial inoculum.
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 3
On the basis of example 4, the adjustment step 4 is as follows:
weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of biological fertilizer, 400 parts of humus soil, 150 parts of perlite (100-150 meshes) and 150 parts of river sand (40-70 meshes); and after being uniformly mixed, stacking for 12 hours to be used for tea tree cultivation.
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 4
The great white tea of Fuding is taken as a research object, and seeds are soaked for 12 hours at normal temperature by using clear water. Wrapping the seeds after the gauze is wetted, accelerating germination at 25 ℃, sowing the seeds in the tea tree cultivation substrate prepared in the embodiment 1 after the seeds germinate, wherein the sowing depth is about 4cm, watering is carried out, the substrate humidity is maintained to be 60-70%, the cultivation temperature is 23 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1500Lx, and the illumination period is 12 h/d; biofertilizer was applied at about 50 g/strain every 2 weeks.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Time of emergence (d) | Rate of emergence (%) |
| Example 4 | 11±2 | 92.67 |
| Comparative example 1 | 19±4 | 73.67 |
| Comparative example 2 | 17±4 | 78 |
| Comparative example 3 | 15±3 | 84.33 |
| Comparative example 4 | 14±2 | 88.67 |
In the experiment, 100 strains in the example 4 and the comparative example 2 are isolated and cultured, anthracnose pathogenic bacteria are inoculated on leaves after the emergence of seedlings for 30 days, 50 strains are supplemented with biological fertilizers (an experimental group), and 50 strains are not supplemented with fertilizers (a control group). The disease index is investigated after 2 weeks, and the disease index is calculated according to the disease grading standard as follows:
level 0: the leaves are healthy and disease-free;
level 1: 1% -25% (excluding 25%) leaf area morbidity;
and 2, stage: 25% -50% (excluding 50%) leaf area morbidity;
and 3, level: 50% -75% (excluding 75%) of leaf area;
4, level: more than 75% of the leaf area is attacked.
The disease index [ Σ (disease number × number of diseased leaves at this level)/(total number of investigation × highest disease number) ] × 100;
the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Group of | Disease index of experimental group | Disease index of control group |
| Example 4 | 20.43 | 26.33 |
| Comparative example 2 | 43.77 | 54.82 |
Example 5
When the height of the tea seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse in the embodiment 4 is more than 25cm, 100 tea seedlings with good growth vigor are selected and transplanted to the field;
spreading tea tree culture medium 8-10cm thick at the bottom of each hole when transplanting to field; after transplanting, turning over 3-5cm of soil covering on the surfaces of the tea seedlings every 2 months, and applying 50-60 kg/mu of bio-fertilizer. The survival rate was counted after 3 months of transplantation, the tea yield in the same year was counted after 1 year, the tea seed yield in the same year was counted after 3 years, and the comparison was made with comparative examples 1 to 3 instead of the tea seedling of example 4, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Group of | Survival rate (%) | Tea yield (g/plant) | Tea seed yield (g/plant) |
| Example 4 | 100 | 683 | 267 |
| Comparative example 1 | 93 | 512 | 154 |
| Comparative example 2 | 95 | 599 | 181 |
| Comparative example 3 | 95 | 547 | 204 |
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The tea tree culture medium is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
350 parts of biological fertilizer, 200 parts of vinegar residue, 200 parts of diatomite, 200 parts of humus, 50-100 parts of perlite and 50-100 parts of river sand;
the biological fertilizer is prepared by taking tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite as raw materials and mixing rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis as microbial inoculums for fermentation.
2. The tea tree cultivation medium as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
300 parts of biological fertilizer, 250 parts of vinegar residue, 150 parts of diatomite, 150 parts of humus, 80 parts of perlite and 70 parts of river sand.
3. The tea tree cultivation medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn stalks and diatomite in the biological fertilizer is (1-2): (2-4): (1-2); the using amount ratio of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis in the microbial inoculum is (2-3) to 1; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 15-20% of the total weight of the raw materials of the biological fertilizer.
4. The tea tree cultivation medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of tea seed hulls, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn stalks and diatomite in the bio-fertilizer is 2: 3: 2: 1: 2; the dosage ratio of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis in the microbial inoculum is 2: 1; the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials of the biological fertilizer.
5. The tea tree culture medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Rhodopseudomonas palustris is Rhodopseudomonas palustris ATCC17003, the Bacillus licheniformis is Bacillus licheniformis ATCC11946, the Lactobacillus plantarum is Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC8014, and the Candida utilis is Candida utilis ATCC 22023.
6. The tea tree culture medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material of the tea tree culture medium comprises perlite with a particle size of 100-150 meshes, river sand with a particle size of 40-70 meshes and diatomite with a particle size of 100-150 meshes; the crushing granularity of the tea seed shells in the raw materials of the biological fertilizer is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the branches and leaves of the waste tea trees is 80-150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the soybean seedlings is 150 meshes, the crushing granularity of the corn straws is 150 meshes and the crushing granularity of the diatomite is 30-80 meshes.
7. The method for preparing a tea tree cultivating substrate according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparation of biofertilizer
Respectively drying and crushing tea seed shells, waste tea branches and leaves, soybean seedlings, corn straws and diatomite, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
culturing Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida utilis respectively, centrifuging the obtained bacterial solution to remove supernatant, and resuspending the thallus with sterile water to obtain the final product with concentration of 1 × 108-1×109Per mL of bacterial suspension; mixing bacterial suspensions of rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum and candida utilis to prepare a microbial inoculum;
inoculating the microbial inoculum into the mixture, uniformly stirring, composting for 3-5d, and turning over every 6-8 h;
(2) uniformly mixing the bio-fertilizer, the vinegar residue, the diatomite, the humus, the perlite and the river sand, and stacking for 12h to obtain the tea tree cultivation product.
8. Use of a tea tree cultivation matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
(1) sowing seeds in the tea tree cultivation medium, watering, maintaining the humidity of the medium to be 60-70%, the cultivation temperature to be 20-25 ℃, the illumination intensity to be 1500-; applying biofertilizer every 2 weeks; planting the plants in the field when the plant height is more than 25 cm;
(2) paving the tea tree culture medium with the thickness of 8-10cm at the bottom of each hole when transplanting the field; after transplanting, turning over the surface of the tea seedling every 2-3 months and covering soil, and applying 50-60 kg/mu of bio-fertilizer.
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