CN108260508A - A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method - Google Patents

A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108260508A
CN108260508A CN201810057034.2A CN201810057034A CN108260508A CN 108260508 A CN108260508 A CN 108260508A CN 201810057034 A CN201810057034 A CN 201810057034A CN 108260508 A CN108260508 A CN 108260508A
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parts
seedling
soilless culture
tamato seed
culture method
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李德琴
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Quan Run Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd Of Maanshan City
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Quan Run Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd Of Maanshan City
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/46—Stemonaceae [Stemona family], e.g. croomia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of tamato seed soilless culture methods, are related to agricultural plantation technology field, include the following steps：(1) soilless culture substrate is prepared；(2) seed selection, nursery；(3) it is colonized, transplants；(4) seedling management；This cultural method can utilize a variety of organic exhaust gas objects to make cultivation matrix, waste utilization, reduce environmental pressure, it can solve the problems, such as that cultivation is limited by soil, soil condition simultaneously, it is ensured that when tamato seed is cultivated, nutritional ingredient is sufficient, yield is high, quality, the tomato produced is environmentally protective, no chemical residues.

Description

A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method
Technical field
The present invention relates to field agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of tamato seed soilless culture method.
Background technology
Tomato also known as tomato, fruits nutrition enrich, and have flavour.Can eat raw, cook, be processed into catsup, Tomato juice or whole fruit canning.It studies and measures according to nutritionist：50 grams of -100 grams of fresh tomatos are eaten for each person every day, you can meet people Body containing " tomatin " in tomato, has the function of to inhibit bacteria to the needs of several vitamins and minerals.In tomato Malic acid and the organic acids such as citric acid, also to enhance gastric acidity, help digest, adjust the effect of gastrointestinal function, it is therein Tartaric acid can reduce the content of cholesterol, very helpful to hyperlipidemia.Tomato is rich in vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin C With a variety of nutriments such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, cellulose, organic acid and carbohydrate.Therefore it is deep to be liked by masses, have very big Market demand.
The cultural method of domestic existing tomato is mostly earth culture cultural method, the field of plant kind one ridge of a ridge in the ground On ridge, this earth culture cultural method, nutrient can cannot be absorbed by soil fixing by plant, and sell hydrochlorate to surpass there is Asia Target problem, more batches of continuous croppings easily cause the soil salinization, and soil-borne disease is seriously unfavorable for the growth of plant, and yield is relatively low, and After several batches of continuous cropping, soil part nutrient dificiency and physicochemical property deteriorate, and cause tomato production and quality that can be decreased obviously.
Invention content
For problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of tamato seed soilless culture method, this cultivations Culture method can utilize a variety of organic exhaust gas objects to make cultivation matrix, and waste utilization reduces environmental pressure, while can solve to plant The problem of training is limited by soil, soil condition, it is ensured that when tamato seed is cultivated, nutritional ingredient is sufficient, and yield is high, quality, The tomato produced is environmentally protective, no chemical residues.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method, includes the following steps：
(1) soilless culture substrate is prepared：Soilless substrate includes following component：Zeolite powder, vermiculite, borax, perlite, black clouds Parent rock, plant ash, rape cake, potassium breeze, plant straw powder, peanut shell, peel residue, mushroom residue and humic acid；After mixing, It is laid with cultivating on bed；
(2) seed selection, nursery：Choose it is complete, without the high tamato seed of damaged, varieties and characteristics, be placed in seedling rearing room and carry out Nursery, when seedling grows 4-8 centimetres, you can transplanted；
(3) it is colonized, transplants：Before field planting, moisture is sprayed into soilless culture substrate first, moisten soilless substrate but is not accumulated Water, selection rhizome is sturdy, and eugonic seedling is transplanted, and per one plant of cave, tomato seedling is according to 50-70 centimetres of spacing in the rows, row It is colonized away from 35-45 centimetres of distance；
(4) seedling management：According to the moisture of soilless substrate, moisture supplement is carried out in time, makes the moisture of soilless substrate Content is 25%-45%, and seedling period observes the survival rate situation of seedling, to the strain cave of death of seedling, carries out benefit cultivation in time, Tomato seedling growth period extracts bifurcated side shoot in time, observes small holes caused by worms and the spot of leaf, and pest is carried out using pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs Prevention and sterilizing, using trickle irrigation method Additional nutrient solution, it is ensured that the nutrient of tomato is sufficient；After tomato result, focus on worm Evil prevention carries out Fruit Pests prevention using biological pesticide.
Preferably, the soilless substrate in the step (1) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
15-25 parts of zeolite powder, 20-35 parts of vermiculite, 3-10 parts of borax, 12-20 parts of perlite, 6-15 parts of biotitite, grass 15-20 parts of wood ash, 8-20 parts of rape cake, 5-10 parts of potassium breeze, 9-16 parts of plant straw powder, 10-12 parts of peanut shell, peel residue 3- 5-15 parts of 15 parts, 3-15 parts of mushroom residue and humic acid.
Preferably, the soilless substrate in the step (1) further includes 5-10 parts of rice bran, 6-15 parts of weathered coal, poultry-dung 15- 1-5 parts of 30 parts, 10-20 parts of urea and strain powder.
Preferably, the strain powder in the step (3) is saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, lichengermium, thin yellow strepto- Bacterium, phosphobacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are according to mass ratio 1:1:1:1:1:1 mixing composition.
Preferably, the method for culturing seedlings in the step (2) is as follows：
By tamato seed and the wet fine sand of 5-10 times of parts by weight after mixing, it is uniformly layered in seedlings nursing plate, covers above Last layer light thin film, is put into seedling rearing room, and control room temperature feeds 1-3 moisture daily at 20-28 degrees Celsius, until western red Persimmon germination is unearthed.
Preferably, the pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs in the step (4) is made by following methods：
(a) 15-20 parts of nicotine, 25-32 parts of the tuber of stemona, 20-35 parts of neem bark, 18-25 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, hardship are weighed by weight Ginseng 6-15 parts, 8-12 parts of Cortex Phellodendri, 15-25 parts of trifoliate jewelvine, 6-12 parts windproof, 5-12 parts of selfheal, 3-8 parts of cape jasmine, 3-12 parts of the root of Dahurain angelica, 2-8 parts of 12-22 parts of camphortree bark and rhizoma anemarrhenae；(b) above-mentioned material is sent into pulverizer and is crushed to 20-80 mesh, be uniformly mixed, added in Suitable water is warming up to 80-150 degrees Celsius, and infusion 4-6 hours, filtering obtains filtrate, filter residue removal；It (c) will be in step (b) Filtrate is concentrated, and drying is to moisture 3% hereinafter, the then menthol grinding with powder weight 1%-3% after drying It is uniformly mixed to get pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in the step (4) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
0.1-0.25 parts of gibberellin, 0.12-0.36 parts of vitamins, 0.03-0.08 parts of microelement kind, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 30-45 parts, 0.2-0.5 parts of boric acid, 5-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.8 parts of copper sulphate, 0.08-0.25 parts of manganese sulfate, four water nitric acid 500-1000 parts of 80-150 parts of calcium, 0.003-0.12 parts of cobalt chloride and water.
Preferably, the biological pesticide in the step (4) is polyoxy is clear, root Fu Te, gram bacterium health, tebufenozide, first tie up worm acyl The mixing of one or more of hydrazine.
The present invention has following advantageous effect：
(1) this cultural method can utilize a variety of organic exhaust gas objects to make cultivation matrix, and waste utilization reduces environment and bears Load, while can solve the problems, such as that cultivation is limited by soil, soil condition, it is ensured that when tamato seed is cultivated, nutritional ingredient is filled Foot, yield is high, and quality, the tomato produced is environmentally protective, no chemical residues；
(2) raw materials such as borax, potassium breeze are added in soilless culture substrate of the present invention, boron element in matrix, potassium can be supplemented The growing tomatoes common element such as element is added in simultaneity mechanism in the lives such as plant straw powder, peel residue and mushroom residue and gives up Gurry is effectively converted into the fertilizer of cultivating tomato, reduces these wastes and is born caused by environment, meets resource and follow The novel agricultural development trend that ring utilizes；
(3) seed is first carried out non-soil culture, then seedling is cultivated to nothing by the present invention before tamato seed field planting cultivation In soil matrix matter, the survival rate of tomato plants can be increased；Seed is put into the seedling rearing room of control environment and carries out nursery, significantly Improve the germination rate of tamato seed；
(4) during seedling management of the present invention, sterilizing pesticide is carried out using pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs and biological pesticide, is reduced to environment Harm, the pesticide residue on deduction and exemption tomato surface are environmentally protective；In tomato growth period, bifurcated side shoot is extractd in time, is kept away To exempt from side shoot and absorb excessive nutrient, cause tomato young plant subalimentation, rhizome is very thin, affected by environment, generates lodging, and The tomato fruit moral character of generation is bad；
(5) poultry-dung and strain powder etc. are also added in soilless substrate of the present invention, strain powder can promote organic matter in matrix The fermentation of material increases the release of organic nutrient substance, enriches the nutritional ingredient in matrix, and the nutrient for being more beneficial to tomato is inhaled It receives and grows；
(6) vegetable Chinese herbal medicines such as nicotine, the tuber of stemona, Dalmatian chrysanthemum are added in pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs of the present invention, contain nicotine, deinsectization Numerous sterilizing pesticide active ingredients such as alkali, trifoliate jewelvine alkali, flavones alkali and stemonine can kill pest during various vegetables plantation, Ensure that tomato growth is intact；
(7) when the present invention manages in seedling stage, periodically to tomato plant drip irrigation nutrient solution, trickle irrigation can be tomato plant It absorbs fully, and nutrient solution supply range is wide, it is ensured that every plant of tomato seedling obtains sufficient nutrient；
(8) contain gibberellin, vitamins, trace element, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, four water-calcium nitrate etc. in nutrient solution of the present invention Other microelement kinds, gibberellin are a kind of growth accelerators, can promote the growth of plant, and vitamins is beneficial to tomato plant The absorption and transport of the photosynthesis and root nutrient of strain, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and four water-calcium nitrate can be supplemented in tomato plant P elements, nitrogen and calcium ion；Multiple components in nutrient solution may insure tomato plants nutrition in growth course Abundance, growth is vigorous, and fruit moral character is excellent.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is further described with reference to embodiment, following embodiment is only used for more Technical scheme of the present invention is clearly demonstrated, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention and limits the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method, includes the following steps：
(1) soilless culture substrate is prepared：Soilless substrate includes following component：Zeolite powder, vermiculite, borax, perlite, black clouds Parent rock, plant ash, rape cake, potassium breeze, plant straw powder, peanut shell, peel residue, mushroom residue and humic acid；After mixing, It is laid with cultivating on bed；
(2) seed selection, nursery：Choose it is complete, without the high tamato seed of damaged, varieties and characteristics, be placed in seedling rearing room and carry out Nursery, when seedling grows 4 centimetres, you can transplanted；
(3) it is colonized, transplants：Before field planting, moisture is sprayed into soilless culture substrate first, moisten soilless substrate but is not accumulated Water, selection rhizome is sturdy, and eugonic seedling is transplanted, and per one plant of cave, tomato seedling is according to 50 centimetres of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 35 Centimetre distance be colonized；
(4) seedling management：According to the moisture of soilless substrate, moisture supplement is carried out in time, makes the moisture of soilless substrate Containing being 25%, seedling period observes the survival rate situation of seedling, to the strain cave of death of seedling, carries out benefit cultivation, tomato seedling in time Growth period extracts bifurcated side shoot in time, observes small holes caused by worms and the spot of leaf, carries out control of insect using pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs and goes out Bacterium, using trickle irrigation method Additional nutrient solution, it is ensured that the nutrient of tomato is sufficient；After tomato result, focus on pest control, adopt Fruit Pests prevention is carried out with biological pesticide.
Soilless substrate in step (1) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
15 parts of zeolite powder, 20 parts of vermiculite, 3 parts of borax, 12 parts of perlite, 6 parts of biotitite, 15 parts of plant ash, rape cake 8 Part, 5 parts of potassium breeze, 9 parts of plant straw powder, 10 parts of peanut shell, 3 parts of peel residue, 3 parts of mushroom residue and 5 parts of humic acid.
Soilless substrate in step (1) further includes 5 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of weathered coal, 15 parts of poultry-dung, 10 parts of urea and strain 1 part of powder.
Strain powder in step (3) is saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, lichengermium, streptomyces microflavus, phosphobacteria, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are according to mass ratio 1:1:1:1:1:1 mixing composition.
Method for culturing seedlings in step (2) is as follows：
By tamato seed and the wet fine sand of 5 times of parts by weight after mixing, it is uniformly layered in seedlings nursing plate, is covered with one above Layer light thin film, is put into seedling rearing room, and control room temperature feeds 1 moisture daily at 20 degrees Celsius, until tamato seed germinates It is unearthed.
Pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs in step (4) is made by following methods：
(a) 15 parts of nicotine, 25 parts of the tuber of stemona, 20 parts of neem bark, 18 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, 6 parts of kuh-seng, Cortex Phellodendri 8 are weighed by weight 2 parts of part, 15 parts of trifoliate jewelvine, 6 parts windproof, 5 parts of selfheal, 3 parts of cape jasmine, 3 parts of the root of Dahurain angelica, 12 parts of camphortree bark and rhizoma anemarrhenae；(b) by above-mentioned object Material is sent into pulverizer and is crushed to 20 mesh, is uniformly mixed, adds in suitable water, is warming up to 80 degrees Celsius, and infusion 4 hours is filtered, Obtain filtrate, filter residue removal；(c) filtrate in step (b) is concentrated, drying to moisture is 2.5%, then and dry The menthol ground and mixed of powder weight 1% is uniformly to get pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs afterwards.
Nutrient solution in step (4) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
0.1 part of gibberellin, 0.12 part of vitamins, 0.03 part of microelement kind, 30 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of boric acid, 500 parts of 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of copper sulphate, 0.08 part of manganese sulfate, 80 parts of four water-calcium nitrate, 0.003 part of cobalt chloride and water.
Biological pesticide in step (4) ties up tebufenozide for first.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method, includes the following steps：
(1) soilless culture substrate is prepared：Soilless substrate includes following component：Zeolite powder, vermiculite, borax, perlite, black clouds Parent rock, plant ash, rape cake, potassium breeze, plant straw powder, peanut shell, peel residue, mushroom residue and humic acid；After mixing, It is laid with cultivating on bed；
(2) seed selection, nursery：Choose it is complete, without the high tamato seed of damaged, varieties and characteristics, be placed in seedling rearing room and carry out Nursery, when seedling grows 8 centimetres, you can transplanted；
(3) it is colonized, transplants：Before field planting, moisture is sprayed into soilless culture substrate first, moisten soilless substrate but is not accumulated Water, selection rhizome is sturdy, and eugonic seedling is transplanted, and per one plant of cave, tomato seedling is according to 50-70 centimetres of spacing in the rows, row Distance away from 45 centimetres is colonized；
(4) seedling management：According to the moisture of soilless substrate, moisture supplement is carried out in time, makes the moisture of soilless substrate Content is 45%, seedling period, observes the survival rate situation of seedling, to the strain cave of death of seedling, carries out benefit cultivation, tomato in time Seedling growth period extracts bifurcated side shoot in time, observes small holes caused by worms and the spot of leaf, using pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs carry out control of insect and Sterilizing, using trickle irrigation method Additional nutrient solution, it is ensured that the nutrient of tomato is sufficient；After tomato result, focus on pest control, Fruit Pests prevention is carried out using biological pesticide.
Soilless substrate in step (1) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
25 parts of zeolite powder, 35 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of borax, 20 parts of perlite, 15 parts of biotitite, 20 parts of plant ash, vegetable seed 20 parts of cake, 10 parts of potassium breeze, 16 parts of plant straw powder, 12 parts of peanut shell, 15 parts of peel residue, 15 parts of mushroom residue and humic acid 15 Part.
Soilless substrate in step (1) further includes 10 parts of rice bran, 15 parts of weathered coal, 30 parts of poultry-dung, 20 parts of urea and bacterium 5 parts of powder of kind.
Strain powder in step (3) is saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, lichengermium, streptomyces microflavus, phosphobacteria, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are according to mass ratio 1:1:1:1:1:1 mixing composition.
Method for culturing seedlings in step (2) is as follows：
By tamato seed and the wet fine sand of 10 times of parts by weight after mixing, it is uniformly layered in seedlings nursing plate, is covered with above One layer of light thin film, is put into seedling rearing room, and control room temperature feeds 3 moisture daily at 28 degrees Celsius, until tamato seed is sent out Bud is unearthed.
Pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs in step (4) is made by following methods：
(a) 20 parts of nicotine, 32 parts of the tuber of stemona, 35 parts of neem bark, 25 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, 15 parts of kuh-seng, Cortex Phellodendri are weighed by weight 8 parts of 12 parts, 25 parts of trifoliate jewelvine, 12 parts windproof, 12 parts of selfheal, 8 parts of cape jasmine, 12 parts of the root of Dahurain angelica, 22 parts of camphortree bark and rhizoma anemarrhenae；(b) will Above-mentioned material is sent into pulverizer and is crushed to 80 mesh, is uniformly mixed, adds in suitable water, be warming up to 150 degrees Celsius, infusion 6 is small When, filtering obtains filtrate, filter residue removal；(c) filtrate in step (b) is concentrated, drying to moisture is 2%, then Menthol ground and mixed with powder weight after drying 3% is uniformly to get pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs.
Nutrient solution in step (4) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
0.25 part of gibberellin, 0.36 part of vitamins, 0.08 part of microelement kind, 45 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid 0.5 Part, 15 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.8 part of copper sulphate, 0.25 part of manganese sulfate, 150 parts of four water-calcium nitrate, 0.12 part of cobalt chloride and water 1000 Part.
Biological pesticide in step (4) is：Polyoxy is clear, root Fu Te and gram bacterium health are according to mass ratio 1:1:1 mixing composition.
Embodiment 3
A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method, includes the following steps：
(1) soilless culture substrate is prepared：Soilless substrate includes following component：Zeolite powder, vermiculite, borax, perlite, black clouds Parent rock, plant ash, rape cake, potassium breeze, plant straw powder, peanut shell, peel residue, mushroom residue and humic acid；After mixing, It is laid with cultivating on bed；
(2) seed selection, nursery：Choose it is complete, without the high tamato seed of damaged, varieties and characteristics, be placed in seedling rearing room and carry out Nursery, when seedling grows 5 centimetres, you can transplanted；
(3) it is colonized, transplants：Before field planting, moisture is sprayed into soilless culture substrate first, moisten soilless substrate but is not accumulated Water, selection rhizome is sturdy, and eugonic seedling is transplanted, and per one plant of cave, tomato seedling is according to 60 centimetres of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 40 Centimetre distance be colonized；
(4) seedling management：According to the moisture of soilless substrate, moisture supplement is carried out in time, makes the moisture of soilless substrate Content is 40%, seedling period, observes the survival rate situation of seedling, to the strain cave of death of seedling, carries out benefit cultivation, tomato in time Seedling growth period extracts bifurcated side shoot in time, observes small holes caused by worms and the spot of leaf, using pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs carry out control of insect and Sterilizing, using trickle irrigation method Additional nutrient solution, it is ensured that the nutrient of tomato is sufficient；After tomato result, focus on pest control, Fruit Pests prevention is carried out using biological pesticide.
Soilless substrate in step (1) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
20 parts of zeolite powder, 30 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of borax, 16 parts of perlite, 10 parts of biotitite, 18 parts of plant ash, rape cake 7 parts of 12 parts, 6 parts of potassium breeze, 12 parts of plant straw powder, 11 parts of peanut shell, 8 parts of peel residue, 9 parts of mushroom residue and humic acid.
Soilless substrate in step (1) further includes 7 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of weathered coal, 22 parts of poultry-dung, 14 parts of urea and strain 3 parts of powder.
Strain powder in step (3) is saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, lichengermium, streptomyces microflavus, phosphobacteria, Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are according to mass ratio 1:1:1:1:1:1 mixing composition.
Method for culturing seedlings in step (2) is as follows：
By tamato seed and the wet fine sand of 8 times of parts by weight after mixing, it is uniformly layered in seedlings nursing plate, is covered with one above Layer light thin film, is put into seedling rearing room, and control room temperature feeds 2 moisture daily at 25 degrees Celsius, until tamato seed germinates It is unearthed.
Pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs in step (4) is made by following methods：
(a) 18 parts of nicotine, 26 parts of the tuber of stemona, 28 parts of neem bark, 22 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, 8 parts of kuh-seng, Cortex Phellodendri 9 are weighed by weight 5 parts of part, 23 parts of trifoliate jewelvine, 8 parts windproof, 7 parts of selfheal, 5 parts of cape jasmine, 8 parts of the root of Dahurain angelica, 18 parts of camphortree bark and rhizoma anemarrhenae；(b) by above-mentioned object Material is sent into pulverizer and is crushed to 50 mesh, is uniformly mixed, adds in suitable water, is warming up to 100 degrees Celsius, infusion 5 hours, mistake Filter obtains filtrate, filter residue removal；(c) filtrate in step (b) is concentrated, drying to moisture is 1.8%, Ran Houhe The menthol ground and mixed of powder weight 2% is uniformly to get pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs after drying.
Nutrient solution in step (4) includes the raw material of following parts by weight：
0.2 part of gibberellin, 0.26 part of vitamins, 0.04 part of microelement kind, 38 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid 0.26 Part, 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.52 part of copper sulphate, 0.12 part of manganese sulfate, 100 parts of four water-calcium nitrate, 0.008 part of cobalt chloride and water 800 Part.
Biological pesticide in step (4) is：Tebufenozide and first tie up tebufenozide according to mass ratio 1:1 mixing composition.
Application Example
To same breed tamato seed application tamato seed soilless culture method embodiment 1-3 of the present invention method into Row cultivation and comparative example are cultivated for normal soil cultural method, and logging is in the following table 1：
Planting type Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3 Soil cultivation
Product moral character It is excellent It is excellent It is excellent Part tomato shape is small
Per mu yield (kilogram) 502 478 534 402
Tamato seed soilless culture method of the present invention is compared with normal soil cultural method it can be seen from upper table 1, is produced Product moral character and per mu yield all increase.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, although with reference to aforementioned reality Example is applied the present invention is described in detail, it for those skilled in the art, still can be to aforementioned each implementation Technical solution recorded in example modifies or carries out equivalent replacement to which part technical characteristic.All essences in the present invention With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of tamato seed soilless culture method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) soilless culture substrate is prepared：Soilless substrate includes following component：Zeolite powder, vermiculite, borax, perlite, biotite Rock, plant ash, rape cake, potassium breeze, plant straw powder, peanut shell, peel residue, mushroom residue and humic acid；After mixing, it spreads If on cultivation bed；
(2) seed selection, nursery：Choose it is complete, without the high tamato seed of damaged, varieties and characteristics, be placed in seedling rearing room and carry out nursery, When seedling grows 4-8 centimetres, you can transplanted；
(3) it is colonized, transplants：Before field planting, moisture is sprayed into soilless culture substrate first, makes soilless substrate moistening but not ponding, Selection rhizome is sturdy, and eugonic seedling is transplanted, and per one plant of cave, tomato seedling is according to 50-70 centimetres of spacing in the rows, line-spacing 35-45 centimetres of distance is colonized；
(4) seedling management：According to the moisture of soilless substrate, moisture supplement is carried out in time, makes the moisture of soilless substrate For 25%-45%, seedling period observes the survival rate situation of seedling, to the strain cave of death of seedling, carries out benefit cultivation in time, western red Persimmon seedling growth period extracts bifurcated side shoot in time, observes small holes caused by worms and the spot of leaf, and control of insect is carried out using pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs And sterilizing, using trickle irrigation method Additional nutrient solution, it is ensured that the nutrient of tomato is sufficient；After tomato result, focus on insect pest and prevent It controls, Fruit Pests prevention is carried out using biological pesticide.
2. tamato seed soilless culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nothing in the step (1) Soil matrix matter includes the raw material of following parts by weight：15-25 parts of zeolite powder, 20-35 parts of vermiculite, 3-10 parts of borax, perlite 12-20 Part, 6-15 parts of biotitite, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 8-20 parts of rape cake, 5-10 parts of potassium breeze, 9-16 parts of plant straw powder, flower 5-15 parts of raw 10-12 parts of shell, 3-15 parts of peel residue, 3-15 parts of mushroom residue and humic acid.
3. tamato seed soilless culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1) without soil matrix Matter further includes 1-5 parts of 5-10 parts of rice bran, 6-15 parts of weathered coal, 15-30 parts of poultry-dung, 10-20 parts of urea and strain powder.
4. tamato seed soilless culture method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the bacterium in the step (3) Kind powder is saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, lichengermium, streptomyces microflavus, phosphobacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria according to mass ratio 1:1:1: 1:1:1 mixing composition.
5. tamato seed soilless culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that educating in the step (2) Seedling-growing method is as follows：By tamato seed and the wet fine sand of 5-10 times of parts by weight after mixing, it is uniformly layered in seedlings nursing plate, above Last layer light thin film is covered, is put into seedling rearing room, control room temperature feeds 1-3 moisture daily at 20-28 degrees Celsius, until west Red persimmon germination is unearthed.
6. tamato seed soilless culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (4) Herbal medicine pesticide is made by following methods：(a) weigh by weight 15-20 parts of nicotine, 25-32 parts of the tuber of stemona, 20-35 parts of neem bark, 18-25 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum, 6-15 parts of kuh-seng, 8-12 parts of Cortex Phellodendri, 15-25 parts of trifoliate jewelvine, 6-12 parts windproof, 5-12 parts of selfheal, cape jasmine 2-8 parts of 3-8 parts, 3-12 parts of the root of Dahurain angelica, 12-22 parts of camphortree bark and rhizoma anemarrhenae；(b) above-mentioned material is sent into pulverizer and is crushed to 20- 80 mesh are uniformly mixed, add in suitable water, are warming up to 80-150 degrees Celsius, infusion 4-6 hours, filtering obtains filtrate, filter residue is gone It removes；(c) filtrate in step (b) is concentrated, it is dry to moisture 3% hereinafter, then with powder weight after drying The menthol ground and mixed of 1%-3% is uniformly to get pesticide made of Chinese medicinal herbs.
7. tamato seed soilless culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the battalion in the step (4) Nutrient solution includes the raw material of following parts by weight：0.1-0.25 parts of gibberellin, 0.12-0.36 parts of vitamins, microelement kind 0.03- 0.08 part, 30-45 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2-0.5 parts of boric acid, 5-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.8 parts of copper sulphate, manganese sulfate 500-1000 parts of 0.08-0.25 parts, 80-150 parts of four water-calcium nitrate, 0.003-0.12 parts of cobalt chloride and water.
8. tamato seed soilless culture method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the life in the step (4) Object pesticide is polyoxy is clear, root Fu Te, gram bacterium health, tebufenozide, first tie up the mixing of one or more of tebufenozide.
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CN109678578A (en) * 2018-12-01 2019-04-26 贵州省贵福生态肥业有限公司 A kind of waste edible fungus bacteria stick prepares seed and sprouts nutritional agents and preparation method thereof
CN112544421A (en) * 2020-12-09 2021-03-26 安徽南北现代林业科技有限公司 Soilless culture method for tomato breeding

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CN106146166A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-11-23 太仓市新滨农场专业合作社 A kind of tomato seedling substrate
CN107041287A (en) * 2017-04-25 2017-08-15 福建绿滢生态农林发展有限公司 The method of tomato soilless culture
CN107141159A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-09-08 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 A kind of tomato fertilizer and preparation method thereof

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CN1686960A (en) * 2005-04-21 2005-10-26 浙江大学 Method of preparing nutrient solution for planting tomato
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