CN112830852A - Organic fertilizer with insect expelling effect and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer with insect expelling effect and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112830852A CN112830852A CN201911158550.5A CN201911158550A CN112830852A CN 112830852 A CN112830852 A CN 112830852A CN 201911158550 A CN201911158550 A CN 201911158550A CN 112830852 A CN112830852 A CN 112830852A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer with an insect expelling effect, and a preparation method and application thereof. The organic fertilizer with the insect expelling function is prepared by carrying out aerobic high-temperature fermentation on agricultural and forestry waste containing tobacco waste under the action of a fermentation microbial inoculum, wherein the mass percentage of the tobacco waste in the agricultural and forestry waste is not lower than 30%. The tobacco waste is rich in plant elements and has a good insect expelling effect. The organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high organic matter content, rich plant nutrient elements and capability of expelling insects, and can be used for effectively improving the physical and chemical properties of soil and preventing and treating underground insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer with an insect expelling effect, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In agricultural production, a large amount of fertilizers and pesticides are generally used to increase the yield of crops and to control and reduce pests. The long-term use of the fertilizer causes the micro-ecological balance of the soil to be damaged and the fertility to be reduced; the use of pesticides, especially insecticides, in large quantities poses a threat to food safety due to the presence of pesticide residues in the soil and in the crops.
At present, in order to prevent soil pollution and pesticide residue, various methods such as a physical method (light, sound and electricity), a biological method (beneficial organisms), an induction method (sex attractant), a Chinese herbal medicine insect expelling method (wormwood and chinaberry) and the like are commonly adopted to prevent and control underground insects. However, these methods are greatly affected by other factors in their insecticidal, repellent and efficacy.
The organic fertilizer is rich in organic matters and beneficial microorganisms, has complete nutrient elements, and can effectively improve soil and fertilize soil fertility after being applied. However, since organic wastes used as organic fertilizer raw materials are various in types and properties, the functional effects of the produced organic fertilizer products are also greatly different. Therefore, how to reasonably utilize the organic wastes has important significance for preventing and treating environmental pollution and comprehensively utilizing resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer with insect expelling effect, which has good effects of expelling insects and improving the physical and chemical properties of soil.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the organic fertilizer with the insect expelling effect.
The invention also aims to provide application of the organic fertilizer with the insect expelling effect in reducing crop pests and diseases.
In order to realize the purpose, the organic fertilizer with the insect expelling function adopts the technical scheme that:
an organic fertilizer with insect expelling effect is prepared by fermenting agricultural and forestry waste containing tobacco waste; wherein the mass ratio of the tobacco waste in the agricultural and forestry waste is not less than 30%.
A large amount of waste generated in the tobacco leaf production is rich in nutrition and has a good insect expelling effect. Therefore, if the organic fertilizer is fermented together with other wastes to prepare the organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer has the characteristics of high organic matter content, rich plant nutrient elements (particularly potassium elements), good effects of expelling insects, increasing both production and income, improving the quality of agricultural products and the like, so that the quality and the function of the organic fertilizer are greatly improved.
The organic fertilizer uses raw materials with the mass ratio of tobacco waste of more than 30 percent, the tobacco waste contains nicotine with insect-repellent effect, and the organic substances and plant nutrient elements (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like) are rich, especially potassium element with higher content. Therefore, the organic fertilizer has the functions of improving the physical and chemical properties of soil and expelling insects, and the quality and the function of the organic fertilizer are improved. The organic fertilizer of the invention achieves the purposes of increasing both production and income and improving the quality of agricultural products by improving the organic matter content of soil, improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and preventing and controlling soil insects.
Meanwhile, agricultural and forestry wastes are used as raw materials, so that the production cost of the organic fertilizer is reduced, and the utilization rate of the wastes is improved. The organic fertilizer is suitable for the production and application of various food crops and economic crops except solanaceae crops such as tobacco, tomatoes, hot peppers, potatoes and the like.
Wherein the tobacco waste is one or more of tobacco branch (axillary bud), fireworks, foot leaf (leaf with poor quality at lower part of tobacco leaf), tobacco stem (rhizome after tobacco leaf is harvested), and tobacco stem (coarse vein removed during tobacco leaf processing). The type of the tobacco waste used in the organic fertilizer is determined according to the growth stage of the tobacco leaves, and the waste used after the tobacco leaves are harvested is mainly tobacco stems.
The agricultural and forestry waste raw materials used by the organic fertilizer with the insect expelling function can be all tobacco waste. The amount of tobacco waste is less than other types of agricultural and forestry waste due to certain limitations on the amount of tobacco planted. In order to increase the production of organic fertilizer, the agricultural and forestry waste is preferably composed of tobacco waste and non-tobacco waste. The non-tobacco waste is a raw material commonly used in the production of organic fertilizers such as straws, human and animal excreta, fallen leaves and the like. Preferably, the non-tobacco waste is one or more of edible fungus residues, crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and crop processing residues. Wherein the crop processing residues are wastes generated in the crop processing process, such as cane bran, pineapple slices, banana peels and the like.
Further preferably, the non-tobacco waste is edible fungus dregs. The raw materials used in the cultivation of the edible fungi are mostly wood or crop straws and contain more plant nutrient substances. The nutrient content in the edible fungus residues is low due to the fact that a large amount of nutrient substances in the raw materials are consumed in the growth process of the edible fungi, but the organic matter content (more than 70%) in the edible fungus residues is high, and the edible fungus residues have the effects of increasing soil organic matters, loosening soil and the like. Therefore, when the edible fungus residues are used as the raw materials of the organic fertilizer, the production cost of the organic fertilizer can be reduced, and the organic fertilizer can act together with tobacco waste to enable the organic fertilizer to have the insect expelling effect while improving the physical and chemical properties of soil. The organic fertilizer taking the edible fungus dregs and the tobacco waste as raw materials can be applied in a way of being compounded or matched with the compound fertilizer to improve the nutrient content of the soil, and cannot generate adverse effect on the soil.
The performance of the organic fertilizer is further optimized by adjusting the ratio of the tobacco waste to the edible fungus dregs, and preferably, the mass ratio of the tobacco waste to the edible fungus dregs is (3: 7) - (4: 6). The organic fertilizer produced by adopting the proportion has high content of organic matters and plant nutrient elements, has green insect expelling effect and belongs to high-quality organic fertilizers.
The preparation method of the organic fertilizer with the insect expelling function adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of an organic fertilizer with insect expelling effect comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the agricultural and forestry wastes containing the tobacco wastes with a fermentation microbial inoculum, adjusting the mass content of water to 50-60%, then carrying out aerobic composting fermentation, and carrying out air drying after the aerobic composting fermentation is finished, thus obtaining the tobacco.
In the preparation process of the organic fertilizer, the type and the dosage of the fermentation inoculum are added according to the requirements of the prior art on the commercial organic fertilizer fermentation inoculum.
The tobacco branches, fireworks and the single bodies of the leaves in the tobacco waste have small volume, high water content, tender and easy rotting, and can be directly used without being crushed. However, the tobacco stems and stems in the tobacco waste are not conducive to fermentation due to low moisture content, large monomer volume, high lignification degree, and the like, and therefore, when the tobacco waste contains the tobacco stems or stems, the tobacco stems and stems need to be crushed for use. Preferably, the powder is crushed into powder with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
When the agricultural and forestry waste is composed of tobacco waste and non-tobacco waste, whether the non-tobacco waste needs to be crushed or not depends on the type of the non-tobacco waste. If the agricultural and forestry waste is composed of tobacco waste and edible fungus dregs, the edible fungus dregs are mostly in a plastic bag packaging mode and the fungus dregs in the bag are integrated due to winding of hyphae, so that the edible fungus dregs are not beneficial to fully mixing all raw materials and possibly introducing plastic impurities if the edible fungus dregs are directly used, and preferably, the edible fungus dregs are firstly crushed into powder with the particle size of 3-5 mm and the plastic impurities are removed.
The moisture content is adjusted to ensure that sufficient moisture can be provided for the activity of microorganisms in the aerobic fermentation process, and good raw material aeration conditions can be kept, so that the mass content of the moisture is adjusted to 50-60%. Generally, the moisture content of the edible fungus residues is low (less than 50%), and the moisture content of the mixed raw materials can be 50-60% by adjusting the proportion of the raw materials or adding water according to the moisture content of the specific raw materials in actual production.
The aerobic composting fermentation used in the invention is a fermentation technology commonly used in the prior art, and refers to a process of decomposing and converting wastes by using aerobic microorganisms under the condition of sufficient oxygen. When aerobic composting fermentation is carried out, the mixture can be piled into a natural round pile body with the height of 1.2-1.5 m, or can be piled into a natural strip pile with the height of 1.2-1.5 m, the width of the upper top of the pile body is 1.5-2.0 m, and the length and the height of the pile body are not limited, or the mixture can be fermented in the conventional organic fertilizer fermentation device.
Under the common conditions, the time of aerobic composting fermentation is 20-30 days. In order to ensure the harmless effect of the organic fertilizer, namely that pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs, weed seeds and the like in the mixture are killed in the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is not lower than 50 ℃ during the aerobic composting fermentation for at least 10 days. Meanwhile, aerobic fermentation is completed when the fermentation temperature of the aerobic composting fermentation is less than or equal to 45 ℃. In order to ensure that the organic fertilizer is uniformly fermented, stirring and turning are carried out for 1 time every 3 days during the aerobic composting fermentation period.
According to the requirements of organic fertilizer standard NY252-2012, the preparation method needs to be dried until the moisture mass content is not higher than 30% during air drying. After air drying, the deep processing is carried out by adopting the common deep processing technology such as screening, granulating, packaging and the like according to the actual requirement.
Application of the organic fertilizer with the insect expelling function in reducing crop pests and diseases. The diseases and insect pests are mainly underground diseases and insect pests.
The organic fertilizer has good insect expelling effect, so that the organic fertilizer can effectively expel underground pests and prevent crop roots from being injured after being used, thereby reducing the disease incidence of crops. When the organic fertilizer with the insect-repelling effect is applied, the organic fertilizer can be applied independently according to the fertilization requirement of specific crops, and can also be applied together with other compound fertilizers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
First, example of organic fertilizer having insect-repellent effect
Example 1
The organic fertilizer with the insect expelling function is prepared by fermenting tobacco waste and edible fungus dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the tobacco waste to the edible fungus dregs is 3: 7. The tobacco waste is tobacco branches and tobacco top flowers.
Example 2
The organic fertilizer with the insect expelling function is prepared by fermenting tobacco waste and edible fungus dregs, wherein the mass ratio of the tobacco waste to the edible fungus dregs is 4: 6. The tobacco waste is the leftover leaves.
Example 3
The organic fertilizer with the insect expelling effect is prepared by fermenting tobacco waste and beef cattle manure, wherein the mass ratio of the tobacco waste to the beef cattle manure (the moisture mass content is 40-50%) is 3: 7. the tobacco waste is tobacco branches and tobacco top flowers.
Second, example of method for producing organic fertilizer having insect-repellent effect
Example 4
The embodiment is a preparation method of the organic fertilizer in embodiment 1, and specifically includes the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials: crushing edible fungus residues into powder with the particle size of 3-5 mm, removing plastic impurities in the powder, uniformly mixing the edible fungus residues and tobacco waste (tobacco branches and tobacco top flowers), adding a commercially available organic material decomposition agent (comprising bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger, wherein the amount of the decomposition agent is added according to the requirements of specifications of commercially available products), uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to be 50-60% by water supplement to obtain a mixture;
(2) aerobic composting fermentation: the mixture is piled into a natural round pile with the height of 1.2m, the temperature rises to 50 ℃ after the propagation and growth of microorganisms for 48 hours, and the pile is turned and stirred once every 3 days during the aerobic fermentation period. During the aerobic fermentation, the moisture in the material is evaporated and dissipated more due to high outside temperature, so that the water is supplemented manually during stirring every time, and the moisture of the material is kept at 50-60%. After 20 days, the fermentation temperature is reduced to below 45 ℃, and aerobic fermentation is completed to obtain a fermentation material;
(3) naturally drying the fermented material until the water content is less than or equal to 30%, and then screening, granulating and packaging to obtain the fermented material.
Example 5
This embodiment is a method for preparing an organic fertilizer in embodiment 2, and specifically includes the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials: crushing the edible fungus residues into powder with the particle size of 3-5 mm, removing plastic impurities in the powder, uniformly mixing the edible fungus residues and tobacco waste (lower leaves), adding a commercially available organic material decomposing agent (consisting of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and aspergillus niger), uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to be 50-60% by water supplementation to obtain a mixture;
(2) aerobic composting fermentation: the mixture is piled into a natural strip pile with the height of 1.2m, the top width of 1.5m and the length of 5m, the temperature rises to 52 ℃ after the propagation and growth of microorganisms for 48 hours, and the mixture is turned and stirred once every 3 days during the aerobic fermentation period. During the aerobic fermentation, manual water replenishing is carried out during stirring every time, so that the water content of the material is kept at 50-60%. After 20 days, the fermentation temperature is reduced to below 45 ℃, and aerobic fermentation is completed to obtain a fermentation material;
(3) naturally drying the fermented material until the water content is less than or equal to 30%, and then screening, granulating and packaging to obtain the fermented material.
Example 6
This example is a method for preparing the organic fertilizer of example 3, and is substantially the same as the process of example 4, except that the raw materials are different.
Third, specific examples of the application of the organic fertilizer having insect-repellent effect of the present invention in reducing crop pests are illustrated in the following test examples.
Test example 1
The apple is a common fruit, but because more chemical fertilizers are applied and the organic fertilizers are relatively less in the planting process, diseases and insect pests of the root of a fruit tree sometimes occur, and the quality of the apple is also reduced. In addition, root systems are injured due to ditching fertilization or biting of underground pests every year in apple planting, and root diseases can occur if some pathogenic bacteria enter from the wounds, so that the fruit trees are premature or the whole apple trees die.
In 2018, a test area and a control area are arranged in an apple orchard of a certain apple grower in Lingbao, and the areas of the two areas are the same. The apple variety in the orchard is Hongfushi, the tree age is 8 years, and the yield of the apples in 2017 is about 4000 jin/mu.
In the test area, the organic fertilizer of example 1 and the special compound fertilizer for apple are applied simultaneously. The content of nitrogen in the organic fertilizer in example 1 is 3%, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6%, and each ton of organic fertilizer can provide 7.5 kg of effective nitrogen. The total nutrient of the special compound fertilizer for apples is 45%, and the proportion of N, P to K is 15: 15: 15.
and (3) applying base fertilizer (1 ton/mu of organic fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer for apples) about 20 days after apples are picked (from 9 late ten days to 10 early ten days in 2017), wherein the application method is open-loop ditch application. When in fertilization, the organic fertilizer is applied in combination with the special organic fertilizer for apples or the special compound fertilizer for apples is applied independently according to the treatment requirement. And in the flowering period of the apples, the special compound fertilizer for the apples is applied in an integrated mode of water and fertilizer for 20 kilograms per mu.
In a control area, only the special compound fertilizer for the apples is applied to the base fertilizer, and the application amount is 100 kilograms per mu. And (3) topdressing of the special compound fertilizer for the apples in a water and fertilizer integrated mode by 20 kilograms per mu in the flowering period of the apples.
After apples are harvested in the middle 9 th month of 2018, statistics is carried out, the yield per mu of the test area is 4510 +/-20.5 jin, the yield per mu of the apples in the comparison area is about 4170 +/-17.5 jin, the yield difference reaches an extremely remarkable level, and meanwhile, the high-quality fruit rate (large, fresh and high in sugar degree) of the test area is improved by more than 10% compared with that of the comparison area.
The reasons for both the yield and apple quality in the test area were: the organic fertilizer can increase the number and variety of soil microorganisms, restore the microecological balance of soil, repel soil insects to prevent the apple tree from being injured by root systems, and reduce the occurrence of root diseases and insect pests by increasing potassium element nutrition (the content of potassium element in tobacco waste is high), thereby achieving the purpose of improving the yield and the quality of apples.
Test example 2
In peanut planting, serious nematode disease occurs due to continuous cropping, so that the yield is reduced, and underground pests such as cutworms, mole crickets and the like cause death of plants or premature senility and the like. In 2018, a test area and a control area are arranged in a peanut field of a peanut planting farmer in Zhouyui county in Henan province for testing, and the areas of the two areas are the same. The soil of the peanut field is sandy loam, and under the condition that 45 kilograms of special fertilizer (10-15-15) is applied to peanuts in 2017 per mu, the yield of the peanuts is only 460 kilograms per mu due to the influence of underground pests such as nematodes and the like.
300 kg of organic fertilizer and 22.5 kg of special fertilizer for peanuts in the example 2 are applied to a test area and are applied before the peanuts are planted. The organic fertilizer of example 2 contains 3% of nitrogen and 6% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and 300 kg of organic fertilizer can provide 2.25 kg of available nitrogen. The nutrient total amount of the peanut special fertilizer is 40%, and the N, P, K proportion is 10: 15: 15.
in the control area, only applying the special fertilizer for the peanuts, wherein the application amount is 45 kilograms per mu, and the peanut is applied in a row before planting.
After flowers are harvested in 2018 and 9 th Lay, statistics is carried out, the yield of peanuts in a test area reaches 582 +/-11.5 jin, the yield of peanuts in a control area per mu is 471 +/-21.5 jin, and the yield difference between the two areas reaches an extremely significant level. And the dead seedling rate of the peanuts in the test area is reduced by 8 percent compared with that of the control area, and the incidence rate of nematodes is reduced by 31.5 percent.
The test example shows that the organic fertilizer plays a role in reducing the occurrence of nematode diseases and preventing and controlling the harm of other kinds of underground pests to a certain extent in peanut planting.
Claims (10)
1. An organic fertilizer with insect expelling function is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting agricultural and forestry wastes containing tobacco wastes; wherein the mass ratio of the tobacco waste in the agricultural and forestry waste is not less than 30%.
2. The organic fertilizer with the insect repelling effect according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco waste is one or more than two of tobacco branches, fireworks, leaves, tobacco stems and tobacco stems.
3. The organic fertilizer having an insect-repellent effect according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said agricultural and forestry waste is composed of tobacco waste and non-tobacco waste.
4. The organic fertilizer with the insect expelling effect of claim 3, wherein the non-tobacco waste is one or more of edible fungus residues, crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and crop processing residues.
5. The organic fertilizer having an insect-repellent effect according to claim 3, wherein the non-tobacco waste is edible fungus dregs, and the mass ratio of the tobacco waste to the edible fungus dregs is (3: 7) - (4: 6).
6. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer having an insect-repellent effect according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: uniformly mixing the agricultural and forestry wastes containing the tobacco wastes with a fermentation microbial inoculum, adjusting the water mass content to 50-60%, then carrying out aerobic composting fermentation, and carrying out air drying after the aerobic composting fermentation is finished, thus obtaining the tobacco.
7. The method for preparing organic fertilizer with insect repelling effect according to claim 6, wherein when tobacco waste contains tobacco stems and/or tobacco stems, the tobacco stems and tobacco stems are crushed and used.
8. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer having an insect-repellent effect according to claim 7, wherein the pulverization is carried out in the form of powder having a particle size of 3 to 5 mm.
9. The method for preparing organic fertilizer with insect repellent effect according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the fermentation temperature is maintained at not lower than 50 ℃ for at least 10 days during the aerobic composting fermentation.
10. Use of an organic fertilizer with insect repellent effect as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 for reducing crop pests.
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| CN113354485A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-09-07 | 四川金叶化肥有限公司 | Tobacco powder organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210525 |