CN111995441A - Method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995441A CN111995441A CN202010716910.5A CN202010716910A CN111995441A CN 111995441 A CN111995441 A CN 111995441A CN 202010716910 A CN202010716910 A CN 202010716910A CN 111995441 A CN111995441 A CN 111995441A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/24—Lauraceae [Laurel family], e.g. laurel, avocado, sassafras, cinnamon or camphor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
In order to overcome the problem that the existing economic crops generate a large amount of leftovers and cause difficult treatment, the invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent, which comprises the following operation steps: the method comprises the following steps: collecting tobacco leftovers, cloth frightened tree leftovers, pomelo tree leftovers and camphor tree leftovers for crushing; step two: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed tobacco leftovers, the cloth frightened tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers to obtain mixed juice and mixed residues; step three: fermenting the mixed juice to obtain a liquid insect repellent; step four: and fermenting the mixed residue to obtain the organic fertilizer. The liquid insect repellent and the organic fertilizer prepared by the method provided by the invention are both derived from biological waste materials, so that heavy metal and pesticide pollution can be effectively avoided, and the purpose of green planting is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste material utilization, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent.
Background
Due to the higher level of modern agriculture, organic food is more and more valued by people. With the emphasis on ecological agriculture. In this regard, countries place a great deal of support on both the strength of national policy support and the actual act. The wide application of organic fertilizers now known to us is the best illustration. The organic fertilizer can gradually replace other fertilizers to become a necessary fertilizer for the growth of crops.
On the other hand, during the planting of commercial crops, some leftovers which need to be treated, such as some branches, leaves, roots and the like, are often generated, particularly, a large amount of leftovers such as tobacco stems and the like are generated in the planting production of tobacco, a large amount of useless wastes such as leaves and the like are generated in the planting production of fruit trees, and a certain amount of manpower and material resources are consumed for the waste treatment.
How to fully utilize the leftovers of the commercial crops to obtain useful products such as useful fertilizers and pesticides is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the existing economic crops generate a large amount of leftovers and cause difficult treatment, the invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent, which comprises the following operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting tobacco leftovers, cloth frightened tree leftovers, pomelo tree leftovers and camphor tree leftovers for crushing;
step two: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed tobacco leftovers, the cloth frightened tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers to obtain mixed juice and mixed residues;
step three: fermenting the mixed juice to obtain a liquid insect repellent;
step four: and fermenting the mixed residue to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Optionally, the tobacco offal comprises one or more of tobacco stem, tobacco powder and tobacco stem.
Optionally, the cloth scarlet tree leftovers comprise one or more of cloth scarlet leaves, cloth scarlet branches, cloth scarlet stems and cloth scarlet stems.
Optionally, the pomelo tree leftovers include one or more of pomelo peel, pomelo leaf, pomelo branch, pomelo stalk and pomelo stem.
Optionally, the camphor tree leftovers include camphor tree leaves and camphor tree seeds.
Optionally, in the second step, the solid-liquid separation method includes one or more of filtration, squeezing, centrifugation, and standing for layering.
Optionally, in the second step, the obtained mixed residue is ground into powder.
Optionally, in the third step, the mixed juice is put into a high-temperature boiler for high-temperature disinfection and sterilization, the temperature of the mixed juice is detected by a first temperature probe, and when the temperature of the mixed juice reaches 98 ℃, the first heating device is controlled to stop heating; when the temperature of the mixed juice is lower than 95 ℃, starting a first heating device for heating, and controlling the heat preservation for 2-5 min; putting the sterilized and cooled mixed juice into a fermentation tank, adding a compound strain, detecting the temperature of the mixed juice through a second temperature probe, and controlling a second heating device to stop heating when the temperature of the mixed juice reaches 45 ℃; and when the temperature of the mixed juice is lower than 30 ℃, starting a second heating device for heating, and controlling the heat preservation and continuous fermentation for 7-9 days.
Optionally, the composite bacterial species includes aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis.
Optionally, in the fourth step, the mixed residue is put into a vertical fermentation tower for composting, a third temperature probe and a third heating device are embedded in the vertical fermentation tower, an air draft device is arranged at the top of the vertical fermentation tower, the internal temperature of the mixed residue is detected through the third temperature probe, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is lower than 48 ℃, the third heating device is started to heat the mixed residue, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is higher than 55 ℃, the third heating device is controlled to stop heating, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is higher than 62 ℃, the air draft device is controlled to start, the mixed residue is cooled, the heat preservation is controlled to be continuously fermented for 30-60 days, air drying is performed, and granules are extracted to obtain the organic fertilizer.
According to the method for preparing the organic fertilizer and the liquid insect repellent, the specific tobacco leftovers, the cloth frightened tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers are crushed to collect the mixed juice and the mixed residue, and the inventor finds that the mixed juice can be used as a natural pesticide after fermentation through a large amount of experiments, so that the economic crops can be effectively prevented from being bitten by insects, and meanwhile, the liquid insect repellent obtained after the mixed juice is fermented contains various elements required by the growth of plants, can be absorbed by plant stems and leaves, and is beneficial to the growth of the economic crops; the organic fertilizer that mixed residue obtained through the fermentation can play loose soil property and improve the effect of soil fertility, simultaneously liquid insect repellant and organic fertilizer all derive from biological waste material, can effectively avoid heavy metal and pesticide pollution, reach the purpose of green planting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is an application environment diagram of the method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting tobacco leftovers, cloth frightened tree leftovers, pomelo tree leftovers and camphor tree leftovers for crushing;
step two: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed tobacco leftovers, the cloth frightened tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers to obtain mixed juice and mixed residues;
step three: fermenting the mixed juice to obtain a liquid insect repellent;
step four: and fermenting the mixed residue to obtain the organic fertilizer.
According to the method for preparing the organic fertilizer and the liquid insect repellent, provided by the invention, specific tobacco leftovers, frightened cloth tree leftovers, shaddock tree leftovers and camphor tree leftovers are crushed to collect mixed juice and mixed residues, and through a large number of experiments, the inventor discovers that the mixed juice can be used as a natural pesticide after fermentation, so that the insect bite of economic crops can be effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the liquid insect repellent obtained after the fermentation of the mixed juice contains various elements required by the growth of plants and can be absorbed by plant stems and leaves, so that the growth of the economic crops is facilitated; the organic fertilizer that mixed residue obtained through the fermentation can play loose soil property and improve the effect of soil fertility, simultaneously liquid insect repellant and organic fertilizer all derive from biological waste material, can effectively avoid heavy metal and pesticide pollution, reach the purpose of green planting.
The tobacco leftovers, the tabasheer tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers can be crushed and subjected to solid-liquid separation respectively, then the juices are mixed to obtain mixed juices, and the residues are mixed to obtain mixed residues; or the tobacco leftovers, the frightened cloth tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers are mixed and crushed firstly, and then the mixture is subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain mixed juice and mixed residues.
In different embodiments, the tobacco offal, the tabasheer tree offal, the pomelo tree offal, and the camphor tree offal can be added in different amounts by weight.
In some embodiments, the tobacco leftovers, the frightened cloth tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers are added in an amount of 1-10: 1-10: 1-10: 1 to 10.
In some embodiments, the tobacco offal comprises one or more of tobacco stem, tobacco dust, and tobacco stalk.
In the production of tobacco, the leftovers of 25 percent of tobacco stems, tobacco powder, tobacco stems and the like in the raw materials are discarded because the leftovers cannot be used for cigarette production, wherein the leftovers of tobacco contain certain moisture.
In some embodiments, the cloth-surprised tree offal comprises one or more of cloth-surprised leaves, cloth-surprised branches, cloth-surprised stems, and cloth-surprised stems.
The frightened tree has mosquito repelling effect, and the collected juice has certain mosquito repelling effect.
In some embodiments, the pomelo tree offal comprises one or more of pomelo peel, pomelo leaf, pomelo branch, pomelo stalk, and pomelo stem.
The pomelo tree belongs to citrus, so the pomelo tree leftovers contain various insect-expelling components such as citronellal, and the mixed juice obtained by crushing and juice collection carries the substances, so that the obtained mixed juice has a good insect-expelling effect.
In some embodiments, the camphor tree offal comprises camphor tree leaves and camphor tree seeds.
The camphor tree leftover contains camphor, camphor oil and other components, and belongs to a natural insect repellent.
The liquid insect repellant is obtained by fermentation by comprehensively utilizing various plant leftovers with insect repellant ingredients to extract and mix juice, and the mixed juice contains different insect repellant ingredients, so that the liquid insect repellant is found to have obvious insect repellant effect, can avoid damage of various insects to plant growth, and simultaneously provides necessary nutrient element supply for plant production; on the other hand, the organic fertilizer obtained by fermenting the mixed residue after juice extraction also has the effect of improving soil fertility, so that the effect of fully utilizing resources is achieved, and no waste is generated in the whole process.
In other embodiments, other similar plant tissue raw materials with fertilizer value, such as grass, trees and the like, can be added to achieve the effect of comprehensive utilization.
In some embodiments, in the second step, the solid-liquid separation method comprises one or more of filtration, pressing, centrifugation and standing for layering.
In a preferred embodiment, the materials of the tobacco leftovers, the cloth frightened tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers after being crushed are subjected to solid-liquid separation by pressing, so that the juice in various leftovers can be effectively extruded out.
In some embodiments, in step two, the resulting mixed residue is ground into a powder.
By grinding the mixed residue into powder, the fermentation efficiency of the mixed residue can be improved.
In some embodiments, in the third step, the mixed juice is put into a high-temperature boiler for high-temperature disinfection and sterilization, the temperature of the mixed juice is detected by a first temperature probe, and when the temperature of the mixed juice reaches 98 ℃, the first heating device is controlled to stop heating; when the temperature of the mixed juice is lower than 95 ℃, starting a first heating device for heating, and controlling the heat preservation for 2-5 min; putting the sterilized and cooled mixed juice into a fermentation tank, adding a compound strain, detecting the temperature of the mixed juice through a second temperature probe, and controlling a second heating device to stop heating when the temperature of the mixed juice reaches 45 ℃; and when the temperature of the mixed juice is lower than 30 ℃, starting a second heating device for heating, and controlling the heat preservation and continuous fermentation for 7-9 days.
In some embodiments, the composite species includes aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis.
In some embodiments, in the fourth step, the mixed residue is put into a vertical fermentation tower for composting, a third temperature probe and a third heating device are embedded in the vertical fermentation tower, an air draft device is arranged at the top of the vertical fermentation tower, the internal temperature of the mixed residue is detected through the third temperature probe, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is lower than 48 ℃, the third heating device is started to heat the mixed residue, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is higher than 55 ℃, the third heating device is controlled to stop heating, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is higher than 62 ℃, the air draft device is controlled to start, the mixed residue is cooled, the heat preservation is controlled to continue to ferment for 30-60 days, air drying is carried out, and grain extraction is carried out, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
And step four, the biochemical process of degrading organic matters in the mixed residue and converting the organic matters into stable humus is controllably promoted by utilizing microorganisms widely existing in the nature, and pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs and weed seeds in the mixed residue can be killed by high temperature generated in the composting process. The obtained organic fertilizer contains rich nutrient substances, has long and stable fertilizer efficiency, is beneficial to promoting the formation of a soil solid particle structure, can increase the water retention, heat preservation, ventilation and fertilizer retention capability of soil, and can make up the defects that the fertilizer contains single nutrient when being mixed with the fertilizer, and the soil is hardened and has reduced water retention and fertilizer retention performance when being singly used for a long time.
In some embodiments, in the fourth step, during the composting, a zymophyte is added into the mixed residue to improve the composting efficiency and reduce the time for composting.
In some embodiments, the obtained liquid insect repellent is filled and sealed for storage, and the organic fertilizer is packaged for storage.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
This example illustrates a method for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent according to the present disclosure, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collect tobacco leftover bits and pieces, cloth surprise tree leftover bits and pieces, shaddock leftover bits and pieces and camphor tree leftover bits and pieces, according to 1: 1: 1: 1, wherein the tobacco leftovers comprise tobacco stems, tobacco powder and tobacco stems, the cloth scarlet tree leftovers comprise cloth scarlet leaves, cloth scarlet branches, cloth scarlet stems and cloth scarlet stems, the pomelo tree leftovers comprise pomelo peels, pomelo leaves, pomelo branches, pomelo stems and pomelo stems, and the camphor tree leftovers comprise camphor tree leaves and camphor tree seeds;
step two: squeezing the crushed tobacco leftovers, the tabasheer tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers to obtain mixed juice and mixed residues, and grinding the obtained mixed residues into powder;
step three: sterilizing the mixed juice at a high temperature, adding aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis into the sterilized and cooled mixed juice, keeping the temperature of the mixed juice at 30-50 ℃, and fermenting for 8d to obtain a liquid insect repellent;
step four: and composting the mixed residues, naturally fermenting for 40 days, air-drying, and extracting particles to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 2
This example illustrates a method for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent according to the present disclosure, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collect tobacco leftover bits and pieces, cloth surprise tree leftover bits and pieces, shaddock leftover bits and pieces and camphor tree leftover bits and pieces, according to 1: 1: 1: 1 to obtain a pasty material, wherein the tobacco leftovers comprise tobacco stems, tobacco powder and tobacco stems, the cloth scarlet tree leftovers comprise cloth scarlet leaves, cloth scarlet branches, cloth scarlet stems and cloth scarlet stems, the pomelo tree leftovers comprise pomelo peels, pomelo leaves, pomelo branches, pomelo stems and pomelo stems, and the camphor tree leftovers comprise camphor tree leaves and camphor tree seeds;
step two: centrifugally filtering the crushed pulpy material to obtain mixed juice and mixed residue;
step three: sterilizing the mixed juice at a high temperature, adding aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis into the sterilized and cooled mixed juice, keeping the temperature of the mixed juice at 30-50 ℃, and fermenting for 8d to obtain a liquid insect repellent;
step four: and composting the mixed residues, naturally fermenting for 50 days, air-drying, and extracting particles to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The foregoing embodiments 1 and 2 provided by this embodiment can be applied to an application environment as shown in fig. 2, where the application environment includes: human-computer interface HMI, IPC desktop cloud product, programmable logic controller PLC, intelligent instrument, high temperature boiler, fermentation cylinder and vertical fermentation tower. Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the high temperature boiler is provided with a first temperature probe and a first heating device, the fermentation tank is provided with a second temperature probe and a second heating device, and the vertical fermentation tower is provided with a third temperature probe, a third heating device and an air draft device. The first temperature probe of the high-temperature boiler is used for collecting the temperature in the high-temperature boiler and transmitting the temperature back to the intelligent instrument, the intelligent instrument is used for controlling the first heating device of the high-temperature boiler according to the temperature collected by the first temperature probe, the second temperature probe of the fermentation tank is used for detecting the temperature in the fermentation tank and transmitting the temperature back to the intelligent instrument, and the intelligent instrument is used for controlling the working state of the second heating device according to the temperature value detected by the second temperature probe. The third temperature probe is used for detecting the temperature of the vertical fermentation tower and transmitting the detected temperature value back to the intelligent instrument, and the intelligent instrument is also used for controlling the working state of the third heating device.
Performance verification
The liquid insect repellent and the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1 and 2 are applied to crop planting, and proved by verification, the liquid insect repellent prepared by the methods in the embodiments 1 and 2 has obvious insect repelling effect, and meanwhile, the obtained organic fertilizer also contains more essential elements for plant growth, so that the soil fertility can be effectively improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A process for preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent, characterized in that it comprises the following operative steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting tobacco leftovers, cloth frightened tree leftovers, pomelo tree leftovers and camphor tree leftovers for crushing;
step two: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the crushed tobacco leftovers, the cloth frightened tree leftovers, the pomelo tree leftovers and the camphor tree leftovers to obtain mixed juice and mixed residues;
step three: fermenting the mixed juice to obtain a liquid insect repellent;
step four: and fermenting the mixed residue to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method of preparing an organic fertilizer and a liquid insect repellent according to claim 1, wherein the tobacco offal comprises one or more of tobacco stems, tobacco dust and tobacco stalks.
3. The method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent according to claim 1, wherein the cloth surprise tree offal comprises one or more of cloth surprise leaves, cloth surprise branches, cloth surprise stalks and cloth surprise stems.
4. The method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent according to claim 1, wherein the pomelo tree leftovers comprise one or more of pomelo peel, pomelo leaf, pomelo branch, pomelo stalk and pomelo stem.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the camphor tree offal comprises camphor tree leaves and camphor tree seeds.
6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the solid-liquid separation method comprises one or more of filtration, squeezing, centrifugation and standing layering.
7. The method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the obtained mixed residue is ground into powder.
8. The method for preparing organic fertilizer and liquid insect repellent according to claim 1, wherein the third step is to put the mixed juice into a high temperature boiler for high temperature sterilization, detect the temperature of the mixed juice by a first temperature probe, and control a first heating device to stop heating when the temperature of the mixed juice reaches 98 ℃; when the temperature of the mixed juice is lower than 95 ℃, starting a first heating device for heating, and controlling the heat preservation for 2-5 min; putting the sterilized and cooled mixed juice into a fermentation tank, adding a compound strain, detecting the temperature of the mixed juice through a second temperature probe, and controlling a second heating device to stop heating when the temperature of the mixed juice reaches 45 ℃; and when the temperature of the mixed juice is lower than 30 ℃, starting a second heating device for heating, and controlling the heat preservation and continuous fermentation for 7-9 days.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the complex species comprises aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis.
10. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer and the liquid insect repellent according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the mixed residue is put into a vertical fermentation tower for composting, a third temperature probe and a third heating device are embedded in the vertical fermentation tower, an air draft device is arranged at the top of the vertical fermentation tower, the internal temperature of the mixed residue is detected through the third temperature probe, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is lower than 48 ℃, the third heating device is started to heat the mixed residue, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is higher than 55 ℃, the third heating device is controlled to stop heating, when the internal temperature of the mixed residue is higher than 62 ℃, the air draft device is controlled to start, the mixed residue is cooled, and after the heat preservation and continuous fermentation are controlled for 30-60 days, air drying and grain drawing are carried out, so that the organic fertilizer is obtained.
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