CN1806510A - Rice cultivation method used rice straw powder, rice straw powder mixture and preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for cultivating rice with rice straw powder and mixture of rice straw and the method for preparing the same, comprising following steps: deep tillage field till soft and flat; choosing seed, immersing for bud forcing, sowing at proper time, cultivating sprout; harvesting crop at proper time, removing weed and stubble, deep tillage and flat raking; subsoil basic application before replanting; dressing rice straw powder 4-6 days after rice replanting on condition of keeping a 1-4 cm of shallow water layer in surface; keeping shallow water and wet condition for 5-7ndays after rice straw powder dressing to promote root bund and remove weed; watering and dressing additional tiller fertilizer, preventing insect and disease in time; intermittent water in later stage, harvesting when 90% of rice in stage of yellow ripeness. The said mixture of rice straw powder comprise rice straw powder 95-99.5% and rare earth 0.5-5.0%. The rice output and quality of this invention are improved.

Description

Use rice cultivating method and the straw powder mixture and the preparation method of rice straw powder

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rice cultivating method, be specifically related to use the rice cultivating method of rice straw powder, also relate to straw powder mixture and preparation method.

Background technology

At present Japan abroad and China part rice district have carried out and have used the research that thin chaff is carried out killing weeds in rice field.Rice chaff is important agricultural feed, as the organic fertilizer application resource-constrained, and the cost height.Traditional rice straw also field mainly contains the straw chopping of when results and turns over that also field, rice straw heap rotten also field, ferment bacterium are piled rotten straw incorporation etc.These technology straw processing labours, long, field operating technology complexity of rotten time of straw; The rice transplanting difficulty increases, and machinery is transplanted and more is not suitable for: reducibility gas discharging in field increases; Also cause simultaneously the field, rice field to pile up easily, cause mashed seedling etc.

Summary of the invention

For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of rice cultivating method of using the rice straw powder, and this method can increase rice yield, improves rice quality and increases soil fertility; The present invention also provides a kind of straw powder mixture and preparation method thereof.

The rice cultivating method of described application rice straw powder is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1) ploughs deeply rice seedling bed, meticulous whole seedling plate to soft plain;

2) elite seed, presoaking and germinating, begin sowing in good time, cultivate the shape seedling;

3) preceding crop is gathered in the crops in good time, removes weeds in field, and stubble-cleaning is turned over and raked;

4) before the transplanting, deep placement base fertilizer;

5) 4～6 days behind the rice transplanting apply the rice straw powder, and when applying the rice straw powder, the field face keeps being no more than the shoaling layer of 1～4cm;

6) apply the rice straw powder after, keep shallow water to moisture state 5～7 days, promote root system to prick down and suppress suppressing weed seed germination to reach;

7) pour water to cooperate and impose tillering fertilizer, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time;

8) intermittent irrigation is carried out in the later stage field, based on moistening, gathers in when 90% paddy rice yellow maturity.

The rice cultivating method of described application rice straw powder is characterized in that: in step 5), applied the rice straw powder in the 4th day after hybrid rice is transplanted, after perhaps conventional rice is transplanted the 6th day applies the rice straw powder.

The rice cultivating method of described application rice straw powder is characterized in that: in step 5), the optimum spraying amount that applies powder of straw is that per hectare is spread fertilizer over the fields 1500 kilograms～2500 kilograms.

The rice cultivating method of described application rice straw powder is characterized in that: in step 5), when applying the rice straw powder, the field face keeps being no more than the shoaling layer of 1～2cm.

Described a kind of straw powder mixture is characterized in that: contain rice straw powder 95.0～99.5%, rare earth 0.5～5.0%.

Described a kind of straw powder mixture is characterized in that: contain rice straw powder 97.5～99.0%, rare earth 1.0～2.5%.

Described a kind of straw powder mixture is characterized in that: contain rice straw powder 98.5～99.0%, rare earth 1.0～1.5%.

The preparation method of described a kind of straw powder mixture is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1) airing rice straw;

2) with stalk crasher above-mentioned rice straw is ground into broken powder;

3) add the rare earth of above-mentioned content and an amount of water, stir, make granule;

4) dry above-mentioned.

The preparation method of described a kind of straw powder mixture is characterized in that: the particle diameter of granule is 1.0～1.5mm in the step 3).

In the rice cultivating method of described application straw powder mixture,,, transplant the back root system and prick down as early as possible so need to cultivate the shape seedling because of top layer, rice field after using the rice straw powder forms strong reduction zone; Need plough deeply rice seedling bed, meticulous whole seedling plate to soft plain, elite seed, presoaking and germinating.In order to remove the weeds in field and the preparation of turning over, preceding crop is gathered in the crops in good time, and turns in conjunction with stubble-cleaning and to rake.Transplant preceding in conjunction with turning over deep placement base fertilizer; Transplant the field, back and set up certain shoaling layer, join that the field water layer remains on 1～4cm when executing powder of straw, help impelling the field to form the soil layer of perching of microorganism, the propagation and the decomposition active that help them, also can make organic matters such as rice straw powder and some field stubbles concentrate on upper soll layer, help fermentation, make paddy rice reduce the generation of root rot, so that the rice straw powder reaches the weeding getting fat.Execute that powder of straw relief paddy field water either falls to doing naturally until appropriateness is put the field, impel the strong reduction zone of upper soll layer to condense, suppress weeds second phase germination and growth under the top layer, impel simultaneously rice root under and prick, strengthen root system development, minimizing later stage root system aging.Irritate shoaling layer then and impel rice tillering, cooperate to impose the field seedling stem tiller number that tillering fertilizer reaches expectation as early as possible.Prevention and elimination of disease and pests, the particularly false smut in japonica rice field in time, intermittent irrigation is carried out in the later stage field, based on moistening, gathers in when 90% paddy rice yellow maturity.

Described rice straw powder, promptly the rice straw powder is a kind of nonhazardous, free of contamination paddy parent natural material.Contain crude protein 1.8%, crude fat 1.5%, raw fiber 28.0%, coarse ash 12.4%, nitrogen free extract 42.9% according to measuring in the rice straw; In the rice field, execute the effect that the rice straw powder has to be provided fertilizer and suppress weeds.Suppress weeds effect principle: after the rice straw powder applies the rice field, strong reduction reaction takes place, discharge a large amount of CO2 and reducibility gas, form the strong reduction zone of one deck, hinder weeds root growth and grass-seed and sprout at the soil table on the top layer, rice field.Supply fertilizer efficiency fruit principle: the rice straw powder can produce the nutriment that many rice of supplying water directly absorb in the soil organisms fermentation process; Because rice chaff can promote the rice root soil microbial activities, make the phosphate of root periphery become the absorbable soluble substance of root system in addition.

China abounds with rare earth, and rare earth ion spectrum is very abundant, has lighting function and extremely strong magnetic property, is the metallic element with physiologically active.Described rare earth has following performance characteristics: the effect of changeing light light modulation, storage and emission luminous energy, raising light and efficient, enhanced biological magnetic field, activation biology enzyme, promotion gene expression, enhancing cell viability; the short root vigorous branches of plant, guarantor's flower, fruit retention, swollen fruit are increased sweet, healthy and strong disease-resistant; the conversion ratio effect that improves fertilizer is remarkable; generally can increase production 15-30%; and improve the green plants product quality, reduce residue of pesticide.

The rice cultivating method of described application straw powder mixture, given full play to the effect that the rice straw powder presses down careless weeding and fertilizer, test shows, the yield of brown rice that this method cultivates increases, and can also improve the soil organic matter, increases soil fertility, strengthen soil microbial activities, promote the rice root Nutrient Absorption, the rice rice matter of producing is good, and the dry flavor is fragrant.Described a kind of straw powder mixture, reasonable mixture ratio has been given full play to the effect of rice straw powder and rare earth, can be widely used in rice cropping.

Percentage composition is the weight percentage of pure material in the present specification.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is test top layer, a water in field field redox potential change curve in the invention process process.

Embodiment

Now, describe embodiments of the invention, field trial and result thereof in detail in conjunction with Figure of description.

Embodiment 1:

Use the rice cultivating method of straw powder mixture, may further comprise the steps: 1) plough deeply rice seedling bed, meticulous whole seedling plate to soft plain; 2) elite seed, presoaking and germinating, begin sowing in good time, cultivate the shape seedling; 3) preceding crop is gathered in the crops in good time, removes weeds in field, and stubble-cleaning is turned over and raked; 4) before the transplanting, deep placement base fertilizer; 5) behind the transplanting shape seedling, apply powder of straw; Wherein, the optimal application time that applies powder of straw is hybrid rice in after transplanting the 6th day of the 4th day after the transplanting or conventional rice; The optimum spraying amount that applies powder of straw is that per hectare is spread fertilizer over the fields 1500 kilograms～2500 kilograms; When applying powder of straw, the field face keeps being no more than the shoaling layer of 1～4cm; 6) apply the rice straw powder after, keep shallow water to moisture state 5～7 days, promote root system to prick down and suppress suppressing weed seed germination to reach; 7) pour water to cooperate and impose tillering fertilizer, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time; 8) intermittent irrigation is carried out in the later stage field, based on moistening, gathers in when 90% paddy rice yellow maturity.

Embodiment 2:

A kind of preparation method of straw powder mixture: at first, the airing rice straw dries through daylight; Then, with stalk crasher the above-mentioned rice straw that dries is ground into broken powder, adds 0.5～5.0% rare earth and an amount of water again, artificial or stir with agitator, a machine that changes over to is made the granule that particle diameter is 1.0～1.5mm; Above-mentioned granule is dried, be described straw powder mixture; Pack at last.

The test example:

In the China Paddy Rice Inst experimental plot, through multiple years field application test.The field trial processing method: at first the rice field turn over, smooth.Than the conventional rice cultivation, the field face requires smooth unanimity, and the field keeps about water layer 3cm behind the rice transplanting, when the rice straw powder was used in 4～6 days in the transplanting back, and field face water layer 1～2cm, best results.Tested in 2002,2003 and 2004, carry out in the code test field of (Fuyang, Zhejiang, Heaven field) in the China Paddy Rice Inst proving ground.Test establishes and transplants the same day, transplants that back the 4th day, the 8th day, the 12nd day is different with the 16th day etc. executes the test of chaff time, and executes 1,50,100,150,200,250 (g/m after transplanting on the 8th day ²) wait different rice chaff amounts to test.Da Qu contrast, Da Qu area 4 * 5 (m are adopted in test ²).Carry out the weeds in field investigation in rice plant of tillering stage (July 14), oven dry weighing weeds dry matter; Maturing stage sampling and measuring output, and carry out the rice quality analysis.

Fig. 1 is in the experimental field, and the amount of application of rice straw powder is 200g/m ²Situation under, top layer, paddy field redox potential change curve.A situation arises with the weeds in paddy field of using different amount rice straw powders for different number of days behind the rice transplanting is used the rice straw powder for table 1,2.Table 3 is for using the rice yield behind the rice straw powder.By table 1 as seen, it is minimum to execute rice straw powder annual weed generating capacity weeds generating capacity on the 4th day behind the rice transplanting, and transplanting the back, to execute rice straw powder perennial weed generating capacity on the 8th day minimum.Table 2 shows, 250g/m ²The rice straw powder of executing press down careless herbicidal effect maximum, promptly the big more herbicidal effect of the amount of executing is best, but the amount of executing is at 200g/m ²The time, the economic benefits that the ecological fertilizer of rice straw powder obtains are best.Therefore can select 200g/m on producing ²The amount of executing, to obtain maximum benefit.Using the rice straw powder from table 3 shows the increasing production of rice effect: use 200g/m ²Rice yield be higher than other processing, therefore in the rice field rice straw powder not only to press down careless herbicidal effect good, also environmental protection, volume increase, rice matter is good, is the developing direction that straw comprehensive utilization, non-pollution rice are produced.

Table 1 different times is executed the weeds dry matter (unit: g) of rice straw powder

	Perennial herb				Annual herb
											Execute rice straw powder period	Herba Cyperi Glomerati dry weight (g)	Alternanthera philoxeroides dry weight (g)	Four leaf duckweed dry weights (g)	Dry matter and dry weight (g)	Monochoria vaginalis dry weight (g)	Cloves Liao dry weight (g)	Moleplant seed dry weight (g)	Mexicana dry weight (g)	Procumbent Falsepimpernel dry weight (g)	Dry matter and dry weight (g)
Rice transplanting same day	-	1.11	10.73	11.84	5.07	4.66	-	0.92	0.89	11.54
											Rice transplanting the 4th day	0.22	-	20.35	20.57	3.85	0.19	3.59	0.95	0.08	8.66
Rice transplanting the 8th day	0.89	-	8.60	9.49	17.60	1.44	2.43	1.09	0.83	23.35
											Rice transplanting the 12nd day	0.55	0.25	29.86	30.66	7.66	2.12	5.10	6.74	2.35	23.97
Rice transplanting the 16th day	1.90	0.89	35.10	37.89	7.76	9.63	2.36	1.94	2.61	24.30

Weeds dry matter (g) under the table 2 rice straw powder difference amount of executing

	Perennial weed			Annual weed
										Execute rice straw powder amount g/m 2	Herba Cyperi Glomerati dry weight (g)	Four leaf duckweed dry weights (g)	Dry matter and dry weight (g)	Monochoria vaginalis dry weight (g)	Cloves Liao dry weight (g)	Moleplant seed dry weight (g)	Mexicana dry weight (g)	Procumbent Falsepimpernel dry weight (g)	Dry matter and dry weight (g)
0	1.79	5.04	6.83	26.61	6.74	18.49	6.67	2.50	61.01
										50	2.39	1.89	4.28	10.76	4.16	4.29	2.59	1.58	23.38

100	4.90	1.33	6.23	-	2.44	7.51	1.01	1.12	12.08
										150	1.41	2.30	3.71	7.49	0.31	1.99	2.32	0.70	12.81
200	2.09	1.08	3.17	3.68	0.64	1.32	2.33	0.46	8.43
										250	0.07	2.95	3.02	1.57	1.97	3.76	0.70	0.16	8.16

Table 3 is used rice yield (the test kind: elegant water 11) of rice straw powder

Execute rice straw powder amount g/m2	Actual measurement output kilogram/mu	Plant height cm	Spike length cm	The total grain panicle number	The real grain of fringe number	Ripening rate %	Thousand kernel weight g
								0	566.98	91.5	16.72	148.88	141.45	94.76	28.41
50	569.75	91.6	17.64	162.64	155.29	95.12	28.86
								100	597.54	93.8	16.98	148.75	140.78	94.66	28.33
150	578.09	92.5	17.06	179.72	169.48	94.36	28.99
								200	605.88	91.0	16.96	142.22	137.76	95.65	29.74
250	583.65	89.3	16.76	144.72	137.23	94.16	29.84

Analyze this test data; can reach a conclusion: spread fertilizer over the fields the rice straw powder in the rice field and not only press down careless weeding; but also be a kind of fertilizer, rice yield height; rice quality is good, and the rice straw powder can also improve the soil organic matter, increases soil fertility; strengthen soil microbial activities; promote the rice root Nutrient Absorption, the rice rice matter of producing is good, and the dry flavor is fragrant.

In addition, adopt embodiment 2 prepared straw powder mixtures to carry out rice cropping, carry out above-mentioned same test.Test shows: spreads fertilizer over the fields rice powder straw mixture in the rice field and not only presses down careless weeding, but also be a kind of fertilizer, and the conversion ratio height of fertilizer, and improve the paddy rice product quality, and reduce residue of pesticide, the rice yield height, rice quality is good; Straw powder mixture can also improve the soil organic matter, increases soil fertility, strengthens soil microbial activities, promotes the rice root Nutrient Absorption, and the rice rice matter of producing is good, and the dry flavor is fragrant.

Claims (9)

1. use the rice cultivating method of rice straw powder, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1) ploughs deeply rice seedling bed, meticulous whole seedling plate to soft plain;

2) elite seed, presoaking and germinating, begin sowing in good time, cultivate the shape seedling;

3) preceding crop is gathered in the crops in good time, removes weeds in field, and stubble-cleaning is turned over and raked;

4) before the transplanting, deep placement base fertilizer;

5) 4～6 days behind the rice transplanting apply the rice straw powder, and when applying the rice straw powder, the field face keeps being no more than the shoaling layer of 1～4cm;

6) apply the rice straw powder after, keep shallow water to moisture state 5～7 days, promote root system to prick down and suppress suppressing weed seed germination to reach;

7) pour water to cooperate and impose tillering fertilizer, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time;

8) intermittent irrigation is carried out in the later stage field, based on moistening, gathers in when 90% paddy rice yellow maturity.

2. the rice cultivating method of application rice straw powder as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 5), applied the rice straw powder in the 4th day after hybrid rice is transplanted, after perhaps conventional rice is transplanted the 6th day applies the rice straw powder.

3. the rice cultivating method of application rice straw powder as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 5), the optimum spraying amount that applies powder of straw is that per hectare is spread fertilizer over the fields 1500 kilograms～2500 kilograms.

4. the rice cultivating method of application rice straw powder as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in step 5), when applying the rice straw powder, the field face keeps being no more than the shoaling layer of 1～2cm.

5. a straw powder mixture is characterized in that: contain rice straw powder 95.0～99.5%, rare earth 0.5～5.0%.

6. a kind of straw powder mixture as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: contain rice straw powder 97.5～99.0%, rare earth 1.0～2.5%.

7. a kind of straw powder mixture as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: contain rice straw powder 98.5～99.0%, rare earth 1.0～1.5%.

8. the preparation method of a straw powder mixture is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1) airing rice straw;

2) with stalk crasher above-mentioned rice straw is ground into broken powder;

3) add the rare earth of above-mentioned content and an amount of water, stir, make granule;

4) dry above-mentioned.

9. the preparation method of a kind of straw powder mixture as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: the particle diameter in the step 3) granule is 1.0～1.5mm.