CN104838869A - High-yield cultivation method for sugarcanes - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for sugarcanes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for sugarcanes. The high-yield cultivation method includes directly applying raw materials of green manure into newly excavated sugarcane furrows; allowing the raw materials of the green manure to ferment under film covering closed conditions for 15-25 days; lifting each mulching film to a side of the corresponding sugarcane furrow after the raw materials ferment and become thoroughly decomposed; adding compound fertilizers into the sugarcane furrows; covering soil on the compound fertilizers; planting sugarcane seedlings. The raw materials of the green manure comprise, by weight, 300-500 parts of broken sugarcane leaves, 300-500 parts of silt from fish ponds, 200-300 parts of farmyard manure, 200-300 parts of bran hulls, 100-200 parts of sweet potato residues, 50-100 parts of yeasts and 20-50 parts of lactic acid bacteria. Sugarcane buds are soaked in mixed solution for 18-24h to obtain the sugarcane seedlings, and the mixed solution comprises 6-24 parts of quicklime, 1-1.5 parts of gibberellin missible oil and 800-1200 parts of water. The high-yield cultivation method for the sugarcanes has the advantages of high bud ratio, low fertilizer and pesticide consumption in planting procedures and capabilities of obviously increasing the yield of the sugarcanes and obviously improving the quality of the sugarcanes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop-planting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of sugarcane high-yield cultivation method.
Background technology
Sugarcane belongs to gramineous plants, is the raw material manufacturing sucrose, also can refines ethanol as energy substitution product, and have happiness high temperature, happiness is wet and like fertile characteristic, growth cycle is long, extensively plants in coastal areas of southern China province.
Bud ratio, nutrient, insect pest, sunlight and rainwater are the key factors affecting sugarcane high-yield, the many employings of existing planting technology are basked seeds, clear water or limewash seed soaking improve germination rate, planting process directly adopts a large amount of chemical fertilizer, insecticide and weed killer herbicide mostly, cause that soil compaction is barren, sugarcane strain residue of pesticide, weeds or pest resistance to insecticide strengthen, cause environmental pollution simultaneously.Therefore, change existing cane planting technology, ensure nutrient needed for the bud ratio of sugarcane and process of growth, improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, the use reducing chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals is the developing direction of sugarcane high-yield cultivation.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above and/or defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, adopt gibberellin to soak sugarcane bud to improve sugarcane bud ratio, and green manure is directly being opened fermentation maturity in the sugarcane ditch of planting, with activating soil, improve the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, prevent seedling nutritional deficiency, and have certain desinsection and weeding function concurrently, sugarcane adopts 2 blinding methods after sowing, ensure loosing soil, water conservation, be conducive to sugarcane seedling to break ground, prevent from burning seedling, and spray growth regulator in the different growth periods of sugarcane, facilitate sugarcane production, improve the diseases and insect pests resistance of sugarcane, to realize sugarcane production-increasing, the inventive method is green, environmental protection.
A further object of the invention is interplanted at broad bean and sugarcane, and the plant that broad bean is grain, vegetables, feed and green manure have concurrently, belongs to pulse family, self has nitrogen fixing capacity, can increase the nitrogen content in soil, utilize for sugarcane, after broad bean results, its footpath leaf also can also use as green manure in field.Sugarcane and broad bean are interplanted, can not only land utilization rate be improved, also can improve sugarcane yield, reduce planting cost.
In order to realize, according to these objects of the present invention and other advantages, providing a kind of sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
A, whole, open and plant sugarcane ditch
Within 20-30 days before sugarcane is sowed, plow, be exposed to the sun after plowing 3-5 days, rakes, and opens and plant sugarcane ditch, sugarcane ditch depth 40-60cm, sugarcane furrow width 60-80cm, sugarcane ditch line space 100-140cm;
B, basal dressing
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch, mu executes described green manure raw material 2000-3000 kilogram, and described green manure raw material applies rear use plastic mulching sugarcane ditch, mulch film both sides soil compaction, make described green manure raw material sealed fermenting 15-25 days, lift to side by described mulch film again, add composite fertilizer, mu executes described composite fertilizer 80-120 kilogram, cover with fine earth after applying composite fertilizer, cladding thickness 5-10cm, wherein
Described green manure raw material comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: broken sugarcane top 300-500 part, fish pond mud 300-500 part, barnyard manure 200-300 part, chaff shell 200-300 part, sweet potato waste 100-200 part, yeast 50-100 part and lactic acid bacteria 20-50 part;
Described composite fertilizer comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: urea 40-50 part, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 15-25 part, superphosphate 15-20 part, potassium sulfate 15-20 part, boric acid 10-15 part, polymerization boron potassium 5-10 part and Organic Selenium 5-10 part;
C, to cut kind, seed soaking
Choose upright, footpath slightly, not bloom and sugarcane strain without damage by disease and insect is planted, described sugarcane strain adopted two bud seedling to cut and kind to obtain sugarcane bud, more described sugarcane bud is soaked 18-24h in mixed liquor, wherein,
Described mixed liquor comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: quicklime 16-24 part, gibberellin emulsion 1-1.5 part and water 800-1200 part;
D, to sow
Sugarcane bud after above-mentioned seed soaking is placed in step B and applies the sugarcane ditch after composite fertilizer's blinding, first cover 5-10cm with special soil, then cover 5-10cm with fine earth, then cover mulch film described in step B, the fine earth compacting of mulch film both sides, wherein,
Described special soil comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: fine earth 50-70 part, sawdust 20-30 part and barnyard manure 15-25 part;
E, field management
Field management is carried out to above-mentioned sugarcane seedling, comprises weeding, deinsectization, topdress, earth up and shell leaf etc.
Preferably, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, sprays growth regulator in sugarcane different growing stages, wherein,
Spray the first growth regulator tillering stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 15-20 days, described first growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 1-2 part, chitosan oligosaccharide 3-5 part and water 4000-5000 part;
Spray the second growth regulator elongating stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 20-30 days, described second growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 2-3 part, chitosan oligosaccharide 4-6 part and water 4000-5000 part;
Spray the 3rd growth regulator in the sugarcane maturing stage, sprayed once every 7-15 days, described 3rd growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: chitosan oligosaccharide 4-6 part, increase sweet phosphine 3-5 part and water 4000-5000 part.
Preferably, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described sawdust fresh sawdust is stacked under wind sheltering, illumination condition 9-12 month, fermenting-ripening, and obtain through sunlight exposure sterilization.
Preferably, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described mulch film is the photodissociation mulch film of thickness 0.01-0.04mm, width 80-100cm.
Preferably, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described in topdress imposed farmyard manure every 20-30 days after emerging, mu executes 200-300 kilogram.
Preferably, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described deinsectization specifically refers to that suspension height 1.2-1.5m, lures core every 20-30 days replaceability, changes insect-sticking plate every 5-10 days at every mu of sugarcane field suspension 3-5 snout moth's larva trapper.
Preferably, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described weeding is included in above-mentioned sugarcane and sows before overlay film and adopt the 40% atrazine dilution 50-70 times of aqueous solution to spray ground, and later stage weeding combines topdresses and ridging is carried out.
Preferably, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, also comprises and interplanting with broad bean, and broad bean field planting is between two row sugarcanes, and spacing in the rows 15-20cm, the line-spacing of distance sugarcane is 30-50cm.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
The first, unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch overlay film sealed fermenting, due to fermentation process meeting heat production, make to form high temperature in sugarcane ditch, be conducive to killing the pathogen in soil and insect, the profitable strain amount reproduction simultaneously in green manure, be conducive to improving soil quality, improve the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, in fermentation process, weeds residual in native soil or weed seed also can be fermented decomposition, make it not sprout, decrease weeds in field quantity;
The second, adopt the ferment making green manure such as broken sugarcane top, fish pond mud, barnyard manure, chaff shell and sweet potato waste, achieve comprehensive utilization of waste materials, production cost is low, and the content of organic matter is enriched, and fertility is high, can keep soil from packing together;
Three, quicklime and the seed soaking of gibberellin mixed solution is adopted, the various pests in sugarcane bud can be killed, improve germination rate, limewash soaks the various pests such as the rouge and powder a red-spotted lizard that can kill in sugarcane bud, sugar content in sugarcane footpath is reduced, avoids sugar content too much, fermentation occurs rotten, gibberellin can promote that sugarcane germinates, and improves the germination of sugarcane bud and strong bud rate;
Four, sugarcane adopts 2 blinding methods after sowing, and ground floor soil is made up of fine earth, sawdust and barnyard manure, and the soil is porous, water conservation, nutrient are high, second layer soil is fine earth, and can prevent the nutrient loss in soil, 2 times blinding method can guarantee loosing soil, water conservation, be conducive to sugarcane seedling to break ground, prevent from burning seedling;
Five, spray growth regulator in sugarcane different growing stages, can promote that sugarcane is to the absorption of nutrient, suppress the breeding of pathogen, improve the ability of sugarcane disease and insect resistance, increase sugarcane pol, promote quality;
Six, snout moth's larva trapper is adopted; mating between usability pheromones interference snout moth's larva male and female is write to each other; reduce snout moth's larva mating and offspring's reproductive number; play the effect of control snout moth's larva; effectively reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals; reduce the production cost of sugarcane, also protect the natural enemy of ecotope and insect simultaneously.
Seven, broad bean and sugarcane are interplanted, broad bean self has nitrogen fixing capacity, the nitrogen content in soil can be increased, utilize for sugarcane, after broad bean results, its footpath leaf also can also use as green manure in field, sugarcane and broad bean is interplanted, can not only improve land utilization rate, also can improve sugarcane yield, reduce planting cost.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantages of the present invention, target and feature, and part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art be understood.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
A high-yield cultivating method for sugarcane, comprises the following steps:
A, whole, open and plant sugarcane ditch
Within 20 days before sugarcane is sowed, plow, be exposed to the sun after plowing 3 days, rake, open and plant sugarcane ditch, sugarcane ditch depth 40cm, sugarcane furrow width 60cm, sugarcane ditch line space 100cm;
B, basal dressing
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch, mu executes described green manure raw material 2000 kilograms, described green manure raw material applies rear use plastic mulching sugarcane ditch, mulch film both sides soil compaction, make described green manure raw material sealed fermenting 15 days, again described mulch film is lifted to side, add composite fertilizer, mu executes described composite fertilizer 80 kilograms, cover with fine earth after applying composite fertilizer, cladding thickness 5cm, described green manure raw material comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: broken sugarcane top 300 parts, 300 parts, fish pond mud, barnyard manure 200 parts, 200 parts, chaff shell, sweet potato waste 100 parts, 50 parts, yeast and lactic acid bacteria 20 parts, described composite fertilizer comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: 40 parts, urea, 15 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate 15 parts, potassium sulfate 15 parts, boric acid 10 parts, 5 parts, polymerization boron potassium and Organic Selenium 5 parts,
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch overlay film sealed fermenting, due to fermentation process meeting heat production, make to form high temperature in sugarcane ditch, be conducive to killing the pathogen in soil and insect, the profitable strain amount reproduction simultaneously in green manure, be conducive to improving soil quality, improve the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, in fermentation process, weeds residual in native soil or weed seed also can be fermented decomposition, make it not sprout, decrease weeds in field quantity; Adopt the ferment making green manure such as broken sugarcane top, fish pond mud, barnyard manure, chaff shell and sweet potato waste, achieve comprehensive utilization of waste materials, production cost is low, and the content of organic matter is enriched, and fertility is high, can keep soil from packing together;
C, to cut kind, seed soaking
Choose upright, footpath slightly, not bloom and sugarcane strain without damage by disease and insect is planted, described sugarcane strain adopted two bud seedling to cut and plant to obtain sugarcane bud, again described sugarcane bud is soaked 18h in mixed liquor, described mixed liquor comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: quicklime 16 parts, gibberellin emulsion 1 part and 1200 parts, water;
Adopt quicklime and the seed soaking of gibberellin mixed solution, the various pests in sugarcane bud can be killed, improve germination rate, limewash soaks the various pests such as the rouge and powder a red-spotted lizard that can kill in sugarcane bud, sugar content in sugarcane footpath is reduced, avoids sugar content too much, fermentation occurs rotten, gibberellin can promote that sugarcane germinates, and improves the germination of sugarcane bud and strong bud rate;
D, to sow
Sugarcane bud after above-mentioned seed soaking is placed in step B and applies the sugarcane ditch after composite fertilizer's blinding, first cover 5cm with special soil, 5cm is covered again with fine earth, cover mulch film described in step B again, the fine earth compacting of mulch film both sides, described special soil comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: fine earth 50 parts, 20 parts, sawdust and barnyard manure 15 parts;
Sugarcane adopts 2 blinding methods after sowing, and ground floor soil is made up of fine earth, sawdust and barnyard manure, and the soil is porous, water conservation, nutrient are high, second layer soil is fine earth, and can prevent the nutrient loss in soil, 2 times blinding method can guarantee loosing soil, water conservation, be conducive to sugarcane seedling to break ground, prevent from burning seedling;
E, field management
Field management is carried out to above-mentioned sugarcane seedling, comprises weeding, deinsectization, topdress, earth up and shell leaf etc.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described sawdust is stacked 9 months under wind sheltering, illumination condition by fresh sawdust, fermenting-ripening, and obtain through sunlight exposure sterilization.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described mulch film is the photodissociation mulch film of thickness 0.01mm, width 80cm.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described in topdress imposed farmyard manure every 25 days after emerging, mu executes 200 kilograms.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method; described deinsectization specifically refers to hangs 3 snout moth's larva trappers at every mu of sugarcane field; suspension height 1.2m; core is lured every 25 days replaceability; insect-sticking plate is changed every 7 days; adopt snout moth's larva trapper; mating between usability pheromones interference snout moth's larva male and female is write to each other; reduce snout moth's larva mating and offspring's reproductive number; play the effect of control snout moth's larva; effectively reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, reduce the production cost of sugarcane, also protect the natural enemy of ecotope and insect simultaneously.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described weeding is included in above-mentioned sugarcane and sows and adopt 40% atrazine to dilute 70 times of aqueous solution before overlay film to spray ground, and later stage weeding combines topdresses and ridging is carried out.
Example 2:
A high-yield cultivating method for sugarcane, comprises the following steps:
A, whole, open and plant sugarcane ditch
Within 25 days before sugarcane is sowed, plow, be exposed to the sun after plowing 4 days, rake, open and plant sugarcane ditch, sugarcane ditch depth 50cm, sugarcane furrow width 70cm, sugarcane ditch line space 120cm;
B, basal dressing
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch, mu executes described green manure raw material 2500 kilograms, described green manure raw material applies rear use plastic mulching sugarcane ditch, mulch film both sides soil compaction, make described green manure raw material sealed fermenting 20 days, again described mulch film is lifted to side, add composite fertilizer, mu executes described composite fertilizer 100 kilograms, cover with fine earth after applying composite fertilizer, cladding thickness 7.5cm, described green manure raw material comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: broken sugarcane top 400 parts, 400 parts, fish pond mud, barnyard manure 250 parts, 250 parts, chaff shell, sweet potato waste 150 parts, 75 parts, yeast and lactic acid bacteria 35 parts, described composite fertilizer comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: 45 parts, urea, 20 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate 17.5 parts, potassium sulfate 17.5 parts, boric acid 12.5 parts, 7.5 parts, polymerization boron potassium and Organic Selenium 7.5 parts,
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch overlay film sealed fermenting, due to fermentation process meeting heat production, make to form high temperature in sugarcane ditch, be conducive to killing the pathogen in soil and insect, the profitable strain amount reproduction simultaneously in green manure, be conducive to improving soil quality, improve the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, in fermentation process, weeds residual in native soil or weed seed also can be fermented decomposition, make it not sprout, decrease weeds in field quantity; Adopt the ferment making green manure such as broken sugarcane top, fish pond mud, barnyard manure, chaff shell and sweet potato waste, achieve comprehensive utilization of waste materials, production cost is low, and the content of organic matter is enriched, and fertility is high, can keep soil from packing together;
C, to cut kind, seed soaking
Choose upright, footpath slightly, not bloom and sugarcane strain without damage by disease and insect is planted, described sugarcane strain adopted two bud seedling to cut and plant to obtain sugarcane bud, again described sugarcane bud is soaked 21h in mixed liquor, described mixed liquor comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: quicklime 20 parts, gibberellin emulsion 1.25 parts and 1000 parts, water;
Adopt quicklime and the seed soaking of gibberellin mixed solution, the various pests in sugarcane bud can be killed, improve germination rate, limewash soaks the various pests such as the rouge and powder a red-spotted lizard that can kill in sugarcane bud, sugar content in sugarcane footpath is reduced, avoids sugar content too much, fermentation occurs rotten, gibberellin can promote that sugarcane germinates, and improves the germination of sugarcane bud and strong bud rate;
D, to sow
Sugarcane bud after above-mentioned seed soaking is placed in step B and applies the sugarcane ditch after composite fertilizer's blinding, first cover 7.5cm with special soil, 7.5cm is covered again with fine earth, cover mulch film described in step B again, the fine earth compacting of mulch film both sides, described special soil comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: fine earth 60 parts, 25 parts, sawdust and barnyard manure 20 parts;
Sugarcane adopts 2 blinding methods after sowing, and ground floor soil is made up of fine earth, sawdust and barnyard manure, and the soil is porous, water conservation, nutrient are high, second layer soil is fine earth, and can prevent the nutrient loss in soil, 2 times blinding method can guarantee loosing soil, water conservation, be conducive to sugarcane seedling to break ground, prevent from burning seedling;
E, field management
Field management is carried out to above-mentioned sugarcane seedling, comprises weeding, deinsectization, topdress, earth up and shell leaf etc.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described sawdust is stacked 10 months under wind sheltering, illumination condition by fresh sawdust, fermenting-ripening, and obtain through sunlight exposure sterilization.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described mulch film is the photodissociation mulch film of thickness 0.025mm, width 90cm.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described in topdress imposed farmyard manure every 25 days after emerging, mu executes 250 kilograms.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method; described deinsectization specifically refers to hangs 4 snout moth's larva trappers at every mu of sugarcane field; suspension height 1.3m; core is lured every 25 days replaceability; insect-sticking plate is changed every 7 days; adopt snout moth's larva trapper; mating between usability pheromones interference snout moth's larva male and female is write to each other; reduce snout moth's larva mating and offspring's reproductive number; play the effect of control snout moth's larva; effectively reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, reduce the production cost of sugarcane, also protect the natural enemy of ecotope and insect simultaneously.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described weeding is included in above-mentioned sugarcane and sows and adopt 40% atrazine to dilute 60 times of aqueous solution before overlay film to spray ground, and later stage weeding combines topdresses and ridging is carried out.
Example 3:
A high-yield cultivating method for sugarcane, comprises the following steps:
A, whole, open and plant sugarcane ditch
Within 30 days before sugarcane is sowed, plow, be exposed to the sun after plowing 5 days, rake, open and plant sugarcane ditch, sugarcane ditch depth 60cm, sugarcane furrow width 80cm, sugarcane ditch line space 140cm;
B, basal dressing
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch, mu executes described green manure raw material 3000 kilograms, described green manure raw material applies rear use plastic mulching sugarcane ditch, mulch film both sides soil compaction, make described green manure raw material sealed fermenting 25 days, again described mulch film is lifted to side, add composite fertilizer, mu executes described composite fertilizer 120 kg, cover with fine earth after applying composite fertilizer, cladding thickness 10cm, described green manure raw material comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: broken sugarcane top 500 parts, 500 parts, fish pond mud, barnyard manure 300 parts, 300 parts, chaff shell, sweet potato waste 200 parts, 100 parts, yeast and lactic acid bacteria 50 parts, described composite fertilizer comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: 50 parts, urea, 25 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate 20 parts, potassium sulfate 20 parts, boric acid 15 parts, 10 parts, polymerization boron potassium and Organic Selenium 10 parts,
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch overlay film sealed fermenting, due to fermentation process meeting heat production, make to form high temperature in sugarcane ditch, be conducive to killing the pathogen in soil and insect, the profitable strain amount reproduction simultaneously in green manure, be conducive to improving soil quality, improve the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, in fermentation process, weeds residual in native soil or weed seed also can be fermented decomposition, make it not sprout, decrease weeds in field quantity; Adopt the ferment making green manure such as broken sugarcane top, fish pond mud, barnyard manure, chaff shell and sweet potato waste, achieve comprehensive utilization of waste materials, production cost is low, and the content of organic matter is enriched, and fertility is high, can keep soil from packing together;
C, to cut kind, seed soaking
Choose upright, footpath slightly, not bloom and sugarcane strain without damage by disease and insect is planted, described sugarcane strain adopted two bud seedling to cut and plant to obtain sugarcane bud, again described sugarcane bud is soaked 24h in mixed liquor, described mixed liquor comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: quicklime 24 parts, gibberellin emulsion 1.5 parts and 800 parts, water;
Adopt quicklime and the seed soaking of gibberellin mixed solution, the various pests in sugarcane bud can be killed, improve germination rate, limewash soaks the various pests such as the rouge and powder a red-spotted lizard that can kill in sugarcane bud, sugar content in sugarcane footpath is reduced, avoids sugar content too much, fermentation occurs rotten, gibberellin can promote that sugarcane germinates, and improves the germination of sugarcane bud and strong bud rate;
D, to sow
Sugarcane bud after above-mentioned seed soaking is placed in step B and applies the sugarcane ditch after composite fertilizer's blinding, first cover 10cm with special soil, 10cm is covered again with fine earth, cover mulch film described in step B again, the fine earth compacting of mulch film both sides, described special soil comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: fine earth 70 parts, 30 parts, sawdust and barnyard manure 25 parts;
Sugarcane adopts 2 blinding methods after sowing, and ground floor soil is made up of fine earth, sawdust and barnyard manure, and the soil is porous, water conservation, nutrient are high, second layer soil is fine earth, and can prevent the nutrient loss in soil, 2 times blinding method can guarantee loosing soil, water conservation, be conducive to sugarcane seedling to break ground, prevent from burning seedling;
E, field management
Field management is carried out to above-mentioned sugarcane seedling, comprises weeding, deinsectization, topdress, earth up and shell leaf etc.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described sawdust is stacked 12 months under wind sheltering, illumination condition by fresh sawdust, fermenting-ripening, and obtain through sunlight exposure sterilization.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described mulch film is the photodissociation mulch film of thickness 0.04mm, width 100cm.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described in topdress imposed farmyard manure every 25 days after emerging, mu executes 300 kilograms.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method; described deinsectization specifically refers to hangs 5 snout moth's larva trappers at every mu of sugarcane field; suspension height 1.5m; core is lured every 25 days replaceability; insect-sticking plate is changed every 7 days; adopt snout moth's larva trapper; mating between usability pheromones interference snout moth's larva male and female is write to each other; reduce snout moth's larva mating and offspring's reproductive number; play the effect of control snout moth's larva; effectively reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, reduce the production cost of sugarcane, also protect the natural enemy of ecotope and insect simultaneously.
Described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, described weeding is included in above-mentioned sugarcane and sows and adopt 40% atrazine to dilute 50 times of aqueous solution before overlay film to spray ground, and later stage weeding combines topdresses and ridging is carried out.
Example 4:
On the basis of embodiment 3, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, growth regulator is sprayed in sugarcane different growing stages, the first growth regulator is sprayed tillering stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 15 days, described first growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 1 part, chitosan oligosaccharide 3 parts and 4000 parts, water; Spray the second growth regulator elongating stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 20 days, described second growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 2 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 4 parts and 4000 parts, water; Spray the 3rd growth regulator in the sugarcane maturing stage, sprayed once every 7 days, described 3rd growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: chitosan oligosaccharide 4 parts, increase sweet phosphine 3 parts and 4000 parts, water; Spray growth regulator in sugarcane different growing stages, can promote that sugarcane is to the absorption of nutrient, suppress the breeding of pathogen, improve the ability of sugarcane disease and insect resistance, increase sugarcane pol, promote quality.
Example 5:
On the basis of embodiment 3, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, growth regulator is sprayed in sugarcane different growing stages, the first growth regulator is sprayed tillering stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 17 days, described first growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 1.5 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 4 parts and 4500 parts, water; Spray the second growth regulator elongating stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 25 days, described second growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 2.5 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 5 parts and 4500 parts, water; Spray the 3rd growth regulator in the sugarcane maturing stage, sprayed once every 11 days, described 3rd growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: chitosan oligosaccharide 5 parts, increase sweet phosphine 4 parts and 4500 parts, water.
Example 6:
On the basis of embodiment 3, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, growth regulator is sprayed in sugarcane different growing stages, the first growth regulator is sprayed tillering stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 20 days, described first growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 2 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 5 parts and 5000 parts, water; Spray the second growth regulator elongating stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 30 days, described second growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 3 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 6 parts and 5000 parts, water; Spray the 3rd growth regulator in the sugarcane maturing stage, sprayed once every 15 days, described 3rd growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: chitosan oligosaccharide 6 parts, increase sweet phosphine 5 parts and 5000 parts, water.
Example 7:
On the basis of embodiment 6, described sugarcane high-yield cultivation method, also comprises and interplanting with broad bean, broad bean field planting is between two row sugarcanes, and spacing in the rows 15cm is 50cm apart from the line-spacing of sugarcane, broad bean and sugarcane are interplanted, broad bean self has nitrogen fixing capacity, can increase the nitrogen content in soil, utilize for sugarcane, after broad bean results, its footpath leaf also can also use as green manure in field, sugarcane and broad bean is interplanted, can not only improve land utilization rate, also can improve sugarcane yield, reduce planting cost.
Comparative example 1
Beneficial effect of the present invention is further illustrated by comparative example.
The different implantation methods of table 1 is on the impact of the seed output and quality of sugarcane
As shown in Table 1, sugarcane high-yield cultivation method of the present invention, the per mu yield of sugarcane adds 16%-40%, and sugar improves 2%-3.7%, and average plant height adds 0.2-1.1m, and length of internode increases 3.8-5.5cm, and pitch diameter adds 0.3cm-1.2cm.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization.It can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely.For those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment.Therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the example described.
Claims (8)
1. a high-yield cultivating method for sugarcane, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, whole, open and plant sugarcane ditch
Within 20-30 days before sugarcane is sowed, plow, be exposed to the sun after plowing 3-5 days, rakes, and opens and plant sugarcane ditch, sugarcane ditch depth 40-60cm, sugarcane furrow width 60-80cm, sugarcane ditch line space 100-140cm;
B, basal dressing
Unleavened green manure raw material is directly applied sugarcane ditch, mu executes described green manure raw material 2000-3000 kilogram, and described green manure raw material applies rear use plastic mulching sugarcane ditch, mulch film both sides soil compaction, make described green manure raw material sealed fermenting 15-25 days, lift to side by described mulch film again, add composite fertilizer, mu executes described composite fertilizer 80-120 kilogram, cover with fine earth after applying composite fertilizer, cladding thickness 5-10cm, wherein
Described green manure raw material comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: broken sugarcane top 300-500 part, fish pond mud 300-500 part, barnyard manure 200-300 part, chaff shell 200-300 part, sweet potato waste 100-200 part, yeast 50-100 part and lactic acid bacteria 20-50 part;
Described composite fertilizer comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: urea 40-50 part, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 15-25 part, superphosphate 15-20 part, potassium sulfate 15-20 part, boric acid 10-15 part, polymerization boron potassium 5-10 part and Organic Selenium 5-10 part;
C, to cut kind, seed soaking
Choose upright, footpath slightly, not bloom and sugarcane strain without damage by disease and insect is planted, described sugarcane strain adopted two bud seedling to cut and kind to obtain sugarcane bud, more described sugarcane bud is soaked 18-24h in mixed liquor, wherein,
Described mixed liquor comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: quicklime 16-24 part, gibberellin emulsion 1-1.5 part and water 800-1200 part;
D, to sow
Sugarcane bud after above-mentioned seed soaking is placed in step B and applies the sugarcane ditch after composite fertilizer's blinding, first cover 5-10cm with special soil, then cover 5-10cm with fine earth, then cover mulch film described in step B, the fine earth compacting of mulch film both sides, wherein,
Described special soil comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: fine earth 50-70 part, sawdust 20-30 part and barnyard manure 15-25 part;
E, field management
Field management is carried out to above-mentioned sugarcane seedling, comprises weeding, deinsectization, topdress, earth up and shell leaf etc.
2. sugarcane high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, spray growth regulator in sugarcane different growing stages, wherein,
Spray the first growth regulator tillering stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 15-20 days, described first growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 1-2 part, chitosan oligosaccharide 3-5 part and water 4000-5000 part;
Spray the second growth regulator elongating stage sugarcane, sprayed 1 time every 20-30 days, described second growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: brassin 2-3 part, chitosan oligosaccharide 4-6 part and water 4000-5000 part;
Spray the 3rd growth regulator in the sugarcane maturing stage, sprayed once every 7-15 days, described 3rd growth regulator comprises the following raw material with parts by weight: chitosan oligosaccharide 4-6 part, increase sweet phosphine 3-5 part and water 4000-5000 part.
3. sugarcane high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described sawdust fresh sawdust is stacked under wind sheltering, illumination condition 9-12 month, fermenting-ripening, and obtain through sunlight exposure sterilization.
4. sugarcane high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described mulch film is the photodissociation mulch film of thickness 0.01-0.04mm, width 80-100cm.
5. sugarcane high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described in topdress imposed farmyard manure every 20-30 days after emerging, mu executes 200-300 kilogram.
6. sugarcane high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described deinsectization specifically refers to that suspension height 1.2-1.5m, lures core every 20-30 days replaceability, changes insect-sticking plate every 5-10 days at every mu of sugarcane field suspension 3-5 snout moth's larva trapper.
7. sugarcane high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described weeding is included in above-mentioned sugarcane and sows before overlay film and adopt the 40% atrazine dilution 50-70 times of aqueous solution to spray ground, and later stage weeding combines topdresses and ridging is carried out.
8. sugarcane high-yield cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprise and interplanting with broad bean, and broad bean field planting is between two row sugarcanes, and spacing in the rows 15-20cm, the line-spacing of distance sugarcane is 30-50cm.
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| CN106612812A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Method for planting high-yield sugarcanes |
| CN106665051A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-17 | 合浦县廉州镇人民政府 | Method for planting selenium-rich sugarcanes |
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| CN107182475A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-22 | 蚌埠市宝煦家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich sugarcane |
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| CN108040799B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2022-01-18 | 张项春 | Planting method of burnt flavor sugarcane |
| CN108522546A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-14 | 广东省生物工程研究所（广州甘蔗糖业研究所） | A kind of preparation method of sugarcane seed soaking agent |
| CN109006317A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-18 | 广西新益丰食品有限公司 | A kind of cane planting method |
| CN110100686A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-09 | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所（福建省农业科学院蔗麻研究中心） | The cultural method of one seed pod sugarcane lodging-prevention and protection sugarcane stem stalk color |
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