CN105917933B - A kind of potato planting field weeding method - Google Patents
A kind of potato planting field weeding method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105917933B CN105917933B CN201610316888.9A CN201610316888A CN105917933B CN 105917933 B CN105917933 B CN 105917933B CN 201610316888 A CN201610316888 A CN 201610316888A CN 105917933 B CN105917933 B CN 105917933B
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- potato
- mulch
- film
- weeds
- paint
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The harm that weeds are frequently suffered from during potato planting causes the potato underproduction.Currently, potato field weeding mainly passes through covering black mulch film or after planting sprays preemergence herbicide, although covering black mulch film can reach weeding purpose, but black mulch film is opaque, the heat that illumination generates all is isolated in mulch or more, make ground temperature be difficult to rise, emerges to potato sprouting and generate large effect；Preemergence herbicide is sprayed after potato sowing and easily causes potato emergence obstacle, and the application covers white clear mulch after potato sowing, can increase by 2~4 DEG C of ground temperature；Promote potato early emergence 5~7 days；Emergence rate improves 10~15%, and after potato emergence, in white clear film surface sprays black pigment, and the mulch through spraying black pigment is nearly opaque, hinders weeds in shelves film and receives sunlight, and weeds are dead due to because lacking illumination not can be carried out normal photosynthesis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of potato culture methods, belong to agriculture field.
Background technique
Potato is a kind of grain dish dual-purpose crop, universally acknowledged full price food, and China is maximum potato in the world
Potato is classified as the fourth-largest staple food grain by producing country, Chinese Government in 2014.
Southern each province's spring and Autumn Climate are suitble to potato growth, plant precocious high-quality horse using good light and temperature condition
Bell potato has biggish domestic demand and export capacity.
During potato planting, since a large amount of grass-seed is accumulated in plantation field, grass-seed vitality extra-heavy is entirely being given birth to
Long season has the grass-seed for having spent dormant period at any time, encounter suitable temperature moisture start germination grow ground, potato
Early period is grown, weeds resistance is strong, and growth is vigorous, and potato is in competitive disadvantages, easily causes farmland running to weeds in flakes, potato growth
Middle and later periods, weeds and potato strive water, strive fertilizer, strive growing space, strive sunlight, cause the potato underproduction 15%~25%, seriously
Influence potato yield and quality.
Currently, potato field weeding mainly passes through covering black mulch film or after planting sprays preemergence herbicide, Miao Hou
The weeds for having grown ground are killed using cauline leaf process agent or are manually weeded out the rank grass.
Although weeding purpose, the substantially impervious light of black mulch film, the heat that illumination generates can be reached using covering black mulch film
Amount all is isolated in mulch or more, make ground temperature be difficult to rise, seriously affect potato sprouting emergence, peasants look forward to early kind,
The hope early emerged is difficult to realize, and potato effective growth period is shortened, to cause the underproduction.Bud is sprayed after potato sowing
Pro-herbicide easily causes potato emergence obstacle, and potato emergence rate decline 80~90%, the underproduction is extremely serious.Potato goes out
Selective herbicide is used after seedling, can only be killed and grown the part weeds of mulch (white clear film) outside, and weeds are then in film
It can not prevent and kill off.
Applicant obtains by the experimental study of many years as a result, the southern potato sowing phase in early spring is in annual 12 months
Before and after ten days, this phase is in winter, and temperature is relatively low, and weed growth is slower, is not easy to cause damages to potato, the potato in early spring
Can normal germination and emergence plays a decisive role is ground temperature condition, the low potato seed of temperature then rots to germinate, and makes great efforts to improve ground
Temperature be early spring potato sowing emergence the stage focus, so after potato sowing in order to prevent crop smothering cover immediately it is black
Color mulch gets half the result with twice the effort；Applicant after potato sowing by covering the transparent mulch of ordinary white, white clear mulch light transmission
Rate is high, and generally 80%~93.8%, 2~4 DEG C of ground temperature can be increased；It can promote potato emergence 5 more early than covering black mulch film
~7 days；Emergence rate improves 10~15%, and after potato normally emerges, in white clear film surface sprays black or green
Or brown pigments or paint, the mulch through spray coated paint or paint is nearly opaque, hinders weeds in shelves film and receives sunlight, weeds
It is dead due to can be carried out normal photosynthesis because lacking illumination not, therefore herbicidal effect is significant.
The technical solution realizing above-mentioned purpose and taking, comprising:
1, field arrangement
Potato group structure, the wide 200cm of furrow, every 4 row of ridge cultivation, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, 66660 plants/hm2。
2, variety selection
Select breeding time≤90 day toxicity-removing white potato product early seasonal strain.
3, pre-sowing treatment
Seed potato is subjected to stripping and slicing, first cutter is impregnated 5 minutes with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate before stripping and slicing and is disappeared
Poison.With 40~50 grams, each stripping and slicing has 1~2 bud eye for potato seed stripping and slicing, to guarantee growing way and germination percentage, and strictly rejects
Sick, rotten, lopsided potato wedge, the potato ball cut, directly sowing after being mixed with the plant ash of potato seed weight 0.3%~0.5%.
4, trench digging applies fertilizer to the subsoil sowing
Seed furrow, ditch depth 15cm are excavated, bottom of trench spreads fertilizer over the fields seed manure, and (seed manure matches 15: 15: 15 potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizers
750kg, organic fertilizer 750kg, 80% trichlorphon 15kg/hm2) be uniformly mixed and spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow with fertilizer, banket 3~
5cm is put potato wedge bud by original seeding row spacing downward, and 6~8cm of earthing is thick, covering mulch and both sides compacting.
5, potato sowing
It is divided longitudinally into 2-4 block from terminal bud to potato tail, is then cut into the potato wedge of 25g~30g respectively, guarantees have in each potato wedge
1~2 bud eye.Seed coat agent is watered by normal concentration, is sprayed onto potato seed stripping and slicing after shaking up, and is sowed after drying；Or use normal concentration
Seed coat agent suspension impregnate 10 minutes, pull out and dry, or with the seed dressing of carbendazim powder+calcium magnesium phosphate, threading potato sowing
Machine, seeder is interior to put into nitro compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 8: 15: 22 and biological organic fertilizer simultaneously, puts potato kind by defined density
With spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer on idle soil soil, cover white mulch immediately.
6, seedling is put in punching
After potato seedling talent arch soil, timely rupture of membranes exposes seedling outside film, prevents because of burn seedling in film.
Prepared Chinese ink+glue is sprayed in film surface with spray gun after emergence is neat or sprays black paint
7, pest and disease damage is prevented and treated
Aphid is the communication media of Potyvirus, is prevented and treated 3 times with 10% imidacloprid wp, 500 times of liquid.Disease mainly to prevent
It controls based on the late blight of potato, is prevented and treated the late blight of potato 1 time with 75% Bravo wp, prevent and treat Ma Ling with 50% fluazinam sc
Potato late blight 2 times.
8, potato harvest
Start to harvest when turning yellow at 2/3 under stem tip.
9, potato yield
It is produced according to surveying, covering black mulch film cultivation potato average product is 30090kg/hm2；Covering colourless transparent film+
Spraying dark paint cultivation potato average product is 33150kg/hm2, increase 3060kg/hm compared with the former2；Amount of increase in production reaches
10.2%.
The application has the following advantages that compared with prior art.
1, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, when potato sowing, cover colorless and transparent mulch, colourlessly
Film light transmittance is high, and generally 80%~93.8%, 2~4 DEG C of ground temperature can be increased；Potato can be promoted than covering black mulch film
Early emergence 5~7 days；After potato emergence is neat, by spraying dark paint in colourless ground film surface to obstruct sunlight, make
Weeds are difficult to carry out photosynthesis and dead in film, reach weeding purpose, the feature with marked improvement.
2, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, by spraying dark paint in film surface sun can be obstructed
Light, since it is nearly opaque, under sunlight irradiation, film itself is heated fastly, but the heat for being transmitted to soil is less, into high temperature
In season, can making potato, in the ranks ground temperature reduces, and induces root system in the ranks growing, can prevent potato early ageing, new method is produced
Potato Quality significantly improve.
3, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, can be such that potato yield increases, amount of increase in production up to 10% with
On, significant effect.
4, cost is relatively low for a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, and spray paint only spends 30 yuan/hm2, cost compared with
It is low.
5, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, it is possible to reduce pesticide zero growth rate is realized in the use of herbicide,
Mitigate pollution of the pesticide to environment, the feature with marked improvement.
6, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method needs timely rupture of membranes to put seedling after potato seedling talent arch soil, white
Color hyaline membrane can see the situation that comes up under film clearly, convenient for accurate selection in rupture of membranes position.Black mulch film young shoot be unearthed after because
It can't see the situation that comes up in film surface, be often delayed rupture of membranes and put the seedling best opportunity and seedling is caused to be burnt, for this purpose, this Shen
There please be the feature of marked improvement.
7, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method can reduce the playground of germ, pest: weeds are horses
The life area of the pathogens of diseases such as bell potato late blight, bacterial wilt and propagating source, are the media of potato multiple diseases, are
This, the application has the feature of marked improvement.
8, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method is conducive to do mechanization operation: in potato intertilling ridging, receiving
During obtaining equal do mechanization operations, weeds in field blocking, winding agricultural machines parts interfere do mechanization operation to go on smoothly, limit
Mechanical performance plays, and agricultural technology code requirement is not achieved in operation quality, even can not carry out do mechanization operation when serious, drops
Low mechanization of agriculture efficiency, the application effectively prevent being that good environment is created in potato production in addition to weeds, have significant
Progressive feature.
9, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method has strategic importance: China has a large population and a few land, and the world Jin Zhan is ploughed
The population in the world Liao Zhan 22% is supported in the soil of ground area 7%.It is expected that the year two thousand twenty, Chinese population total amount is up to 14.5 hundred million
People, grain demand increment are up to 100,000,000,000 jin or more, but constraint by cultivated land resource and planting benefit are influenced, wheat, water
The space that the grain rations kind such as rice continues volume increase becomes smaller, difficulty increases；Potato have the characteristics that it is cold-resistant, drought-enduring, barren-resistant,
Wide adaptability, yield and quality have the space greatly improved, promote Potato Industry exploitation and staple food, lead agriculture confession
Reform to side structure, it is ensured that grain security has a very important significance.
10, a kind of potato planting field weeding new method industrial prospect is wide, and potato processing industry chain is longer, adds
Work can rise in value 1 times at starch；Being processed into lactic acid can rise in value 3 times；Being processed into food can rise in value 4 times；Producing super absorbent resin can
8 times of increment；Being processed into converted starch can rise in value 15 times；Biogum increment is manufactured at 60 times or more.Potato pure starch is by hair
Ferment can produce more than 300 kinds of converted starches using other methods, and it is a variety of to can be widely applied to medicine, weaving, casting, dyestuff etc.
Industry.It was predicted that China's potato starch demand is up to 3,000,000 tons to the year two thousand thirty, at that time, China will become the Asian-Pacific area
Or even the potato food in the whole world produces and processes, the industry center of trade, Potato Industry has a extensive future.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention concrete operation method, without limitation the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Seed potato is subjected to stripping and slicing on 2 7th, 2015, first soaks 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate of cutter before stripping and slicing
Bubble carries out disinfection for 5 minutes.Potato seed stripping and slicing is with 50 grams or so/block, and each stripping and slicing has 1~2 bud eye, to guarantee growing way and hair
Bud rate, and strictly reject sick, rotten, lopsided potato wedge, the potato ball cut, with the plant ash of potato seed weight 0.3%~0.5%
Directly sowing after mixing.
3.5 trench diggings apply fertilizer to the subsoil sowing
7 days 2 months hand excavation's seed furrows, ditch depth 15cm, bottom of trench spreads fertilizer over the fields seed manure, and (seed manure matches 15: 15: 15 potassium sulfate types
Ternary compound fertilizer 750kg, organic fertilizer 750kg, 80% trichlorphon 15kg/hm2) be uniformly mixed with fertilizer and spread fertilizer over the fields seed furrow
Interior, banket 3~5cm, puts potato wedge bud downward by original seeding row spacing, and 6~8cm of earthing is thick, covering mulch and both sides compacting.
3.6 field management and ink-jet
3.6.1 seedling, ink-jet are put in punching
After the soil of potato young shoot top, Yu Sanyue rupture of membranes on the 17th puts seedling, is sprayed with sprayer in white clear film surface March 18
Prepared Chinese ink is applied, because of rain drop erosion, April 10 was sprayed in film surface primary again with prepared Chinese ink+glue.
3.6.2 pest and disease damage is prevented and treated
Aphid is the communication media of Potyvirus, is prevented and treated 3 times with 10% imidacloprid wp, 500 times of liquid.Disease mainly to prevent
It controls based on the late blight of potato, was prevented and treated the late blight of potato 1 time April 1 with 75% Bravo wp, April 16 and April 28
Daily 50% fluazinam sc is prevented and treated the late blight of potato 2 times,
3.6.3, potato harvest
May 22,2/3 under stem tip at turn yellow when start to harvest.
3.6.4 potato yield
It is produced according to surveying, covering black mulch film cultivation potato average product is 30090kg/hm2；Covering colourless transparent film+
Spraying dark paint cultivation potato average product is 33150kg/hm2, increase 3060kg/hm compared with the former2；Amount of increase in production reaches
10.2%.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of potato planting field weeding method characterized by comprising
The transparent mulch of ordinary white is covered after potato sowing, white clear mulch light transmittance is up to 80%~93.8%, can be with
Increase by 2~4 DEG C of ground temperature；It can promote potato emergence more early than covering black mulch film 5~7 days；Emergence rate improves 10~15%, works as horse
After bell potato is normally emerged, in white clear film surface sprays black pigment or paint, the ground through spraying black pigment or paint
Film is nearly opaque, hinders weeds in shelves film and receives sunlight, and weeds are dead due to because lacking illumination not can be carried out normal photosynthesis.
2. a kind of potato planting field weeding method characterized by comprising
The transparent mulch of ordinary white, after potato normally emerges, in white clear film surface are covered after potato sowing
Spray viridine green or paint, the mulch through spraying viridine green or paint can prevent the indigo plant for having facilitation to photosynthesis,
Feux rouges passes through, and makes to be unfavorable for photosynthetic green light increase, reduces the photosynthesis of plant under film, inhibit weeds raw
It is long.
3. a kind of potato planting field weeding method characterized by comprising
The transparent mulch of ordinary white, after potato normally emerges, in white clear film surface are covered after potato sowing
Vandyke brown or paint are sprayed, weeds receive sunlight in the mulch resistance shelves film through spraying brown pigments or paint, and weeds are because lacking
Few illumination not can be carried out normal photosynthesis, and growth is suppressed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610316888.9A CN105917933B (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2016-05-09 | A kind of potato planting field weeding method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610316888.9A CN105917933B (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2016-05-09 | A kind of potato planting field weeding method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105917933A CN105917933A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| CN105917933B true CN105917933B (en) | 2019-11-19 |
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| CN109220663A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2019-01-18 | 祁阳县天子龙蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of yam betel covering cultivation method |
| CN114747448A (en) * | 2022-04-03 | 2022-07-15 | 操苏立 | Environment-friendly control method for weeds in cotton field |
| CN114902834A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-16 | 陕西省西安植物园 | Method for controlling illumination intensity in germination test of Brasenia schreberi hydrangea seeds |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE4027978A1 (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-03-05 | Stenger Geb Jacob Gisela | Method of preventing growth of weeds in forest or tree plantations - involves covering ground immediately after planting between rows of seedlings with opaque foil |
| CN2512235Y (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2002-09-25 | 山东农业大学科技开发服务中心 | Interphase colour matching agriculture mulch film |
| JP2003289730A (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-14 | Masao Hasegawa | Soil-covering sheet for agriculture and forestry |
| ES2216713B1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2005-11-01 | Cobertura De Caucho, S.R.L. | NEW RUBBER APPLICATION AS A RESIDUAL PRODUCT. |
| JP2015065952A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-13 | 積水フィルム株式会社 | Agricultural mulching film |
| CN104231497A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2014-12-24 | 江苏昊华光伏科技有限公司 | Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) agricultural plastic colored mulching film and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN204742055U (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-11 | 山东日照烟草有限公司 | Tobacco seedling membrane of fixing a point |
| KR20170005235A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-12 | 박용석 | vinyl for crops |
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Granted publication date: 20191119 Termination date: 20200509 |