CN105917933A - Novel method for removing weeds in planting fields of potatoes - Google Patents
Novel method for removing weeds in planting fields of potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN105917933A CN105917933A CN201610316888.9A CN201610316888A CN105917933A CN 105917933 A CN105917933 A CN 105917933A CN 201610316888 A CN201610316888 A CN 201610316888A CN 105917933 A CN105917933 A CN 105917933A
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- weeds
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- potatoes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
Potatoes are often harmed by weeds in the planting process, and thus the yield of the potatoes is reduced. Currently, the weeds in fields of the potatoes are mainly removed by covering the fields with black mulching films or spraying pre-emergence herbicides after seeding; the weeds can be removed by covering the fields with the black mulching films, however, the black mulching films are non-transparent, heat produced by light irradiation is completely isolated above the mulching films, the ground temperature hardly rises, and relatively large influence on germination and emergence of the potatoes is caused; emergence barriers to the potatoes are caused easily if the pre-emergence herbicides are sprayed after seeding of the potatoes. According to a novel method for removing the weeds in the planting fields of the potatoes, the fields are covered with white and transparent mulching films after seeding of the potatoes, the field temperature can be increased by 2-4 DEG C, the potatoes can emerge 5-7 days earlier, the emergence rate is increased by 10%-15%, after emergence of the potatoes, surfaces of the white and transparent mulching films are coated with a black pigment, the mulching films coated with the black pigment are almost non-transparent, and weeds in the films are prevented from being exposed to the sunlight and die due to the fact that the weeds cannot perform normal photosynthesis due to lack of light irradiation.
Description
Art
The present invention relates to a kind of potato culture method, belong to agriculture field.
Background technology
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is a kind of grain dish dual-purpose crop, universally acknowledged full price food, and China is that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi maximum in the world produces
State, within 2014, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is classified as the fourth-largest staple food grain by Chinese Government.
South each province's spring and Autumn Climate are suitable for potato growth, utilize the good precocious high-quality Rhizoma Solani tuber osi of light and temperature condition plantation
There is bigger domestic demand and export capacity.
During potato planting, owing to substantial amounts of grass seed is accumulated in plantation field, grass seed vitality extra-heavy, in whole growth
Season has the grass seed having spent rest period at any time, runs into applicable temperature moisture and i.e. starts germination and grow ground, potato raw
Long early stage, weeds strong stress resistance, grow vigorous, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is in competitive disadvantages, easily causes farmland running to weeds in flakes, potato growth
Middle and late stage, weeds and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi strive water, strive fertilizer, strive growing space, strive sunlight, cause the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi underproduction 15%~25%, sternly
Ghost image rings potato yield and quality.
Currently, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi field weeding mainly by covering black mulch film or after planting spraying preemergence herbicide, uses after Seedling
Stem and leaf inorganic agent kills and grows the weeds on ground or manually weed out the rank grass.
Although using and covering black mulch film and can reach weeding purpose, but the substantially impervious light of black mulch film, the heat that illumination produces is whole
Being isolated in more than mulch film, make ground temperature be difficult to rise, have a strong impact on potato sprouting and emerge, peasants look forward to early planting, early emerging
Hope be difficult to, the effective trophophase of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is shortened, thus causes the underproduction.Preemergence herbicide is sprayed after potato sowing
Easily causing Rhizoma Solani tuber osi to emerge obstacle, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emergence rate declines 80~90%, and the underproduction is extremely serious.Rhizoma Solani tuber osi uses choosing after emerging
Selecting property herbicide, can only kill the part weeds having grown mulch film (white clear film) outward, and in film, weeds then cannot be prevented and kill off.
Applicant obtains result through experimental study for many years, and the south potato sowing phase in early spring is before annual mid-December
After, at this phase in the winter time, temperature is on the low side, and weed growth is relatively slow, is difficult to work the mischief Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, and can the Rhizoma Solani tuber osi in early spring
What normal germination and emergence played a decisive role is ground temperature condition, and the low potato seed of temperature then rots to germinate, and making great efforts to improve ground temperature is early
The focus in spring sowing potato insemination and emergence stage, so in order to prevent crop smothering from covering black mulch film thing times immediately after potato sowing
Merit half;Applicant is by covering the transparent mulch film of ordinary white after potato sowing, and white clear mulch film light transmittance is high, generally
80%~93.8%, ground temperature 2~4 DEG C can be increased;Black mulch film is Zao emerges 5~7 days than covering to promote Rhizoma Solani tuber osi;Emergence rate
Improve 10~15%, after Rhizoma Solani tuber osi normally emerges, at white clear mulch film surface spraying black or green or brown pigments or oil
Paint, nearly opaque through the mulch film of spray coated paint or paint, in resistance shelves film, weeds accept sunlight, and weeds can not enter because lacking illumination
Row normal photosynthesis and dead, therefore herbicidal effect is notable.
The technical scheme realizing above-mentioned purpose and take, including:
1, field arrangement
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi group structure, furrow width 200cm, every ridge cultivation 4 row, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, 66660 strains/hm2。
2, Fruit variety
Select period of duration≤90 day toxicity-removing white potato product early seasonal strain.
3, pre-sowing treatment
Seed potato is carried out stripping and slicing, first cutting knife is soaked with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution before stripping and slicing and carry out disinfection for 5 minutes.
Potato seed stripping and slicing is with 40~50 grams, and each stripping and slicing is with 1~2 eye, to ensure growing way and germination percentage, and strictly reject disease,
Potato block rotten, lopsided, the potato ball cut, directly sowing after mixing with the plant ash of potato seed weight 0.3%~0.5%.
4, trench digging applies fertilizer to the subsoil sowing
Excavation seed furrow, ditch depth 15cm, bottom of trench spread fertilizer over the fields seed manure (seed manure proportioning 15: 15: 15 potassium sulphate type ternary composite fertilizer 750kg,
Fertilizer 750kg, 80% trichlorphon 15kg/hm2) mix homogeneously with fertilizer and to spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow, banket 3~5cm, press
Potato block bud is put by original seeding row spacing down, and earthing 6~8cm is thick, covering with plastic film both sides compacting.
5, potato sowing
Be divided longitudinally into 2-4 block from terminal bud to potato tail, be cut into the potato block of 25g~30g the most respectively, it is ensured that have on each potato block 1~
2 eyes.Seed coat agent is watered by normal concentration, is sprayed onto in potato seed stripping and slicing after shaking up, and sows after drying;Or by normal concentration
Seed coat agent suspension soaks 10 minutes, pulls out and dries, or with carbendazim powder+calcium magnesium phosphate seed dressing, puts into Sowing machine for potatoes,
Put into nitro compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 8: 15: 22 and biological organic fertilizer in seeder simultaneously, put potato kind by the density of regulation and spread
Fertilising material, on idle soil, soil, covers white mulch film immediately.
6, Seedling is put in punching
After potato seedling arch soil, seedling is exposed outside film by timely rupture of membranes, prevents because of burn seedling in film.
Emerge neat after spray prepared Chinese ink+glue with spray gun on film surface or spray black paint
7, prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Aphid is the communication media of Potyvirus, prevents and treats 3 times with 500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wp.Disease is mainly to prevent and treat horse
Bell potato late blight is main, prevents and treats the late blight of potato 1 time with 75% Bravo wp, prevents and treats Rhizoma Solani tuber osi with 50% fluazinam sc
Late blight 2 times.
8, potato harvest
Results are started when turning yellow at 2/3 under stem tip.
9, potato yield
Producing according to surveying, covering black mulch film cultivation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi average product is 30090kg/hm2;Cover colourless transparent film+spraying dark
Coating cultivation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi average product is 33150kg/hm2, relatively the former increases 3060kg/hm2;Amount of increase in production reaches 10.2%.
Compared with prior art the application has the following advantages.
1, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, covers water white transparency mulch film during potato sowing, and colourless mulch film light transmittance is high,
Generally 80%~93.8%, ground temperature 2~4 DEG C can be increased;Black mulch film is Zao emerges 5~7 days than covering to promote Rhizoma Solani tuber osi;
Rhizoma Solani tuber osi emerge neat after, by colourless mulch film surface spraying dark paint to intercept sunlight, in making film, weeds are difficult to
Photosynthesis and dead, reach weeding purpose, there is the feature of marked improvement.
2, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, by film surface spraying dark paint so that sunlight can be intercepted, owing to it is several
Light tight, under sunlight irradiates, film itself heats soon, but the heat passing to soil is less, enters high temperature season, can make horse
Bell potato ground temperature in the ranks reduces, and induction root system grows in the ranks, can prevent Rhizoma Solani tuber osi senilism, the Potato Quality that new method is produced
Significantly improve.
3, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, can make potato yield increase, and amount of increase in production reaches more than 10%, effect
Significantly.
4, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method cost is relatively low, and spray paint only spends 30 yuan/hm2, cost is relatively low.
5, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, it is possible to reduce the use of herbicide, it is achieved pesticide zero growth rate, alleviates pesticide
Pollution to environment, has the feature of marked improvement.
6, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method, needs timely rupture of membranes to put Seedling after potato seedling arch soil, and white clear film can
To see the situation that comes up under film clearly, it is simple to accurately select in rupture of membranes position.Black mulch film plumelet is unearthed rear because seeing not on film surface
To the situation of coming up, often it is delayed rupture of membranes and puts the Seedling best opportunity and cause seedling to be burnt, to this end, the application has marked improvement
Feature.
7, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method can reduce the playground of pathogenic bacteria, insect: weeds be the late blight of potato,
The life area of the pathogen of the diseases such as bacterial wilt and propagating source, be the medium of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi multiple diseases, to this end, the application has
The feature of marked improvement.
8, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method is conducive to do mechanization operation: in mechanizations such as potato intertilling ridging, results
In operation process, weeds in field blocking, winding agricultural machines parts, hinder do mechanization operation to be smoothed out, limit mechanical performance and send out
Waving, operation quality does not reaches agricultural technology code requirement, even cannot be carried out do mechanization operation, reduce agricultural machinery time serious
Changing efficiency, the application prevents effectively except weeds are the environment that Rhizoma Solani tuber osi produces that creation is good, has the feature of marked improvement.
9, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method has strategic importance: China has a large population and a few land, Jin Zhan world cultivated area 7%
Soil, support the population in the Liao Zhan world 22%.Anticipated the year two thousand twenty, Chinese population total amount is up to 14.5 hundred million people, and grain needs
Ask increment to be up to more than 100,000,000,000 jin, but affected by constraint and the planting benefit of cultivated land resource, the grain ration product such as Semen Tritici aestivi, Oryza sativa L.
The space that kind continues to increase production diminishes, difficulty strengthens;Rhizoma Solani tuber osi has cold-resistant, drought-enduring, barren-resistant feature, its wide adaptability,
Yield and quality all has a space being greatly improved, and advances Potato Industry exploitation and staple food, leads agricultural supply side is structural and change
Leather, it is ensured that grain security, tool is of great significance.
10, described a kind of potato planting field weeding new method industrial prospect is wide, and Potato ring rot bacteria industrial chain is longer, is processed into starch
1 times can be rised in value;It is processed into lactic acid and can rise in value 3 times;It is processed into food and can rise in value 4 times;Produce super absorbent resin and can rise in value 8
Times;It is processed into modified starch and can rise in value 15 times;Manufacture biogum to rise in value more than 60 times.Potato pure starch by fermentation or
Use additive method can produce more than 300 kind of modified starch, can be widely applied to medicine, weave, cast, the multiple industry such as dyestuff.
It was predicted that to the year two thousand thirty, China's potato starch demand is up to 3,000,000 tons, when the time comes, China will become the Asian-Pacific area or even
The potato food production and processing in the whole world, the industry center of trade, Potato Industry has a extensive future.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for concrete operation method of the present invention, without limitation the scope of the present invention are described.
Embodiment
Seed potato is carried out stripping and slicing by February 7th, 2015, first with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, cutting knife is soaked 5 before stripping and slicing
Minute carry out disinfection.Potato seed stripping and slicing is with about 50 grams/block, and each stripping and slicing is with 1~2 eye, to ensure growing way and germination percentage,
And strictly reject disease, potato block rotten, lopsided, the potato ball cut, after mixing with the plant ash of potato seed weight 0.3%~0.5%
Directly sowing.
3.5 trench diggings apply fertilizer to the subsoil sowing
February 7 hand excavation's seed furrow, ditch depth 15cm, bottom of trench spreads fertilizer over the fields seed manure (seed manure proportioning 15: 15: 15 potassium sulfate type
NPK 750kg, fertilizer 750kg, 80% trichlorphon 15kg/hm2) mix homogeneously with fertilizer and to spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow,
Banketing 3~5cm, put down by potato block bud by original seeding row spacing, earthing 6~8cm is thick, covering with plastic film both sides compacting.
3.6 field management and ink-jet
3.6.1 Seedling, ink-jet are put in punching
After the soil of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi plumelet top, in March 17 rupture of membranes put Seedling, March 18 with aerosol apparatus at white clear film surface spraying
Prepared Chinese ink, because of rain drop erosion, April 10 is with prepared Chinese ink+glue again at film surface spraying once.
3.6.2 prevention and elimination of disease and pests
Aphid is the communication media of Potyvirus, prevents and treats 3 times with 500 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wp.Disease is mainly to prevent and treat horse
Bell potato late blight is main, prevents and treats the late blight of potato 1 time April 1 with 75% Bravo wp, April 16 and April
Within 28th, prevent and treat the late blight of potato 2 times with 50% fluazinam sc,
3.6.3, potato harvest
May 22, when turning yellow at 2/3 under stem tip, start results.
3.6.4 potato yield
Producing according to surveying, covering black mulch film cultivation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi average product is 30090kg/hm2;Cover colourless transparent film+spraying deep
Color coating cultivation Rhizoma Solani tuber osi average product is 33150kg/hm2, relatively the former increases 3060kg/hm2;Amount of increase in production reaches 10.2%.
Claims (3)
1. a potato planting field weeding new method is characterized in that, including:
Covering the transparent mulch film of ordinary white after potato sowing, white clear mulch film light transmittance is up to 80%~93.8%, can increase ground temperature 2~4 DEG C;Black mulch film is Zao emerges 5~7 days than covering to promote Rhizoma Solani tuber osi;Emergence rate improves 10~15%, after Rhizoma Solani tuber osi normally emerges, at white clear mulch film surface spraying black pigment or paint, nearly opaque through the mulch film of spray black pigment or paint, in resistance shelves film, weeds accept sunlight, and weeds are dead because lacking illumination and can not carry out normal photosynthesis.
2. a potato planting field weeding new method is characterized in that, including:
The transparent mulch film of ordinary white is covered after potato sowing, after Rhizoma Solani tuber osi normally emerges, at white clear mulch film surface spraying viridine green or paint, can stop through spraying viridine green or the mulch film of paint and photosynthesis is had the indigo plant of facilitation, the passing through of HONGGUANG, make to be unfavorable for that photosynthetic green light increases, reduce the photosynthesis of plant under film, suppress weed growth.
3. a potato planting field weeding new method is characterized in that, including:
The transparent mulch film of ordinary white is covered after potato sowing, after Rhizoma Solani tuber osi normally emerges, at white clear mulch film surface spraying Vandyke brown or paint, in the mulch film resistance shelves film of spraying brown pigments or paint, weeds accept sunlight, weeds can not carry out normal photosynthesis because lacking illumination, and growth is suppressed.
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Cited By (3)
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CN109220663A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2019-01-18 | 祁阳县天子龙蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of yam betel covering cultivation method |
CN114747448A (en) * | 2022-04-03 | 2022-07-15 | 操苏立 | Environment-friendly control method for weeds in cotton field |
CN114902834A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-16 | 陕西省西安植物园 | Method for controlling illumination intensity in germination test of Brasenia schreberi hydrangea seeds |
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DE4027978A1 (en) * | 1990-09-04 | 1992-03-05 | Stenger Geb Jacob Gisela | Method of preventing growth of weeds in forest or tree plantations - involves covering ground immediately after planting between rows of seedlings with opaque foil |
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CN109220663A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2019-01-18 | 祁阳县天子龙蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of yam betel covering cultivation method |
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CN114902834A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-16 | 陕西省西安植物园 | Method for controlling illumination intensity in germination test of Brasenia schreberi hydrangea seeds |
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