CN105265158A - Method for controlling smut of sugarcane - Google Patents

Method for controlling smut of sugarcane Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105265158A
CN105265158A CN201510805254.5A CN201510805254A CN105265158A CN 105265158 A CN105265158 A CN 105265158A CN 201510805254 A CN201510805254 A CN 201510805254A CN 105265158 A CN105265158 A CN 105265158A
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Prior art keywords
smut
sugarcane
fertilizer
sugar cane
liquid
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CN201510805254.5A
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CN105265158B (en
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农秋平
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DAXIN COUNTY PRODUCTIVITY PROMOTION CENTER
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DAXIN COUNTY PRODUCTIVITY PROMOTION CENTER
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08Immunising seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007Determining fertilization requirements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protection of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling smut of sugarcane. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1, performing soil working; 2, processing seed stems; 3, applying a base fertilizer; and 4, performing growing time management. The control technology provided by the invention mainly involves selection of proper medicaments for preventing seed stem infection diseases through seed stem processing at an early stage and regulation and control of carbon-nitrogen ratio of crops through applying the base fertilizer and spraying glucose, cane sugar or a liquid carbon fertilizer at a later stage so as to reduce risks of the diseases. When the technology is used for controlling smut, the control effect can be more than 75%, and the popularization value is quite large.

Description

A kind of method of preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant protection technology field, be specially a kind of method of preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane.
Background technology
Culmicolous smut of sugar cane is also known as sugarcane whip smut, smut.This sick obvious characteristic be disease sugarcane tip of a branch tool one to the black whip in last volume, long several centimetres to several tens cm not etc.Whip central authorities are the stems be made up of parenchyma or vascular tissue, and periphery encloses one deck chlamydospore.Sick whip at the formation initial stage, outsourcing one deck silvery white film, after to break a large amount of black powder that sheds, finally only remaining stem.Early, stem is tiny, and leaf is elongated, and pale green is tillered and increased in kind of the sugarcane rudiment of catching an illness, after tiller on also grow dust-brand whip.The invention belongs to plant protection technology field, be specially a kind of method of preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane.Culmicolous smut of sugar cane cause of disease is: sugarcane whip smut ( ustilagoscitamineasyd), Basidiomycotina fungi is belonged to.Chlamydospore subcircular, palm fibre or black, unit cell tool mastoid process, size 5-6 μm, sprouts and grows load different in size.Load 3-4 cell, each cell produces 1 to several basidiospore.Basidiospore is transparent, oval.This bacterium has different biological strain.In general, smut is called as " cancer " of sugarcane, once occur, be difficult to control, traditional prevention and controls have following some: (1) selects disease-resistant variety.As south China 56/12, Guangdong sugar 57/423, Guangdong sugar 63/237, No. 7, river sugarcane, No. 11, river sugarcane etc.(2) crop rotation is carried out.With shift of crops such as paddy rice, corn, sweet potato, peanut or clovers.(3) planting area is increased, plantation disease-free seedlings.Plant from adjusting without lesion.To select and remain in lesion and to plant without first degree of tip of a branch seedling of diseased plant.(4) preferably before extraction dust-brand, diseased plant is pulled out.Extract being careful to cut and being placed in plastic sack of black whip out, take out of to concentrate outside field and burn.Do not stay overnight root in sick field, diseased plant stubble also will burn.(5) use sufficient base manure, notice that azophoska reasonable coordination is used.Pour water in good time, earth up in time, prevent lodging, reduce lateral bud growth.(6) seed and seedling disinfection is carried disease germs seedling 52 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 18-30 minute, adds 25% trazodone wettable powder or 80% spray gram wetting powder, 500 times of liquid better effects if.Also can soak seed 5 minutes with 43% formalin solution of 1:100, then use the vexed kind of plastic film covering 2 hours.Or 70% mancozeb wettable powder 1:500 doubly to soak seed 5-7 minute.Also can soak seed 24 hours with 3% limewash.
Above method (3), (4) (5) can not tackle the problem at its root, and the conventional dose that method (6) uses is very poor to culmicolous smut of sugar cane preventive effect, and can not ensure that sugarcane is not by superinfection.Therefore, the domestic effective prevention and controls that there is no smut at present, grant number is the invention of CN102899380B: bacillus subtilis HAS and have good control efficiency to culmicolous smut of sugar cane at the bacterial classification that the application prevented and treated in culmicolous smut of sugar cane provides, but its control efficiency for smut is only confined to pot experiment, dependence biocontrol bacterial strain is generalized to prevent and treat in culmicolous smut of sugar cane and also has a lot of problem to need to explore in addition.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide a kind of method of preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane, is intended to solve the problem that current culmicolous smut of sugar cane there is no effective control prece.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Prevent and treat a method for culmicolous smut of sugar cane, comprise the steps:
(1) wholely: trench digging, ridging.
(2) plant stem process: by 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil 2000-5000 times of liquid, 6% Tebuconazole kind clothing suspending agent 300-1000 times of liquid and 25g/L fludioxonil kind clothing suspending agent 3000-8000 times of liquid, after 2:2:1 mixture, put into sugarcane kind, seed soaking 24h; Dry, for subsequent use.
(3) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: the quicklime being first sprinkled into 3-5 ton/mu in plantation ditch, covering film, compression covers tightly; Continue after 7 days to apply 2 tons of/mu chicken manures fully become thoroughly decomposed, finally apply the composite fertilizer of 20-50kg/ mu, N P and K is 15-7-10; Base fertilizer is Kong Dan type composite fertilizer.
(4) breeding period administration: at sugarcane foliage-spray in tillering stage glucose or sucrose, the amount of spraying is 50-100g/ mu; Liquid carbon fertilizer is squirted, the amount of spraying 10-30g/ mu on sugarcane shooting stage blade face.Described liquid carbon is fertile is produced by the biochemical Co., Ltd in oasis, Fujian, and commodity are called " green treasure ", and Corporation web site is: http://www.fjluzhou.com/index.asp.
Described step (1) and step (3) use mechanical integrated operate.
The present invention adopts kind of a method for stem process, select suitable medicament and its best control efficiency of efficient combination competence exertion, inventor is by the agent of screening various sterilization, finally determining 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil, 6% Tebuconazole kind clothing suspending agent and 25g/L fludioxonil kind clothing suspending agent is best of breed, and the dilution ratio of each medicament is: 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil 2000-5000 times liquid: 6% Tebuconazole kind clothing suspending agent 300-1000 times of liquid: 25g/L fludioxonil kind clothing suspending agent 3000-8000 times of liquid is by weight 2:2:1 mixture; Further, 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil 3000-4000 times liquid, 6% Tebuconazole kind clothing suspending agent 500-700 times of liquid and 25g/L fludioxonil kind clothing suspending agent 5000-6000 times of liquid are by weight 2:2:1 mixture.Because 6% Tebuconazole kind clothing suspending agent and 25g/L fludioxonil kind clothing suspending agent are seed coat agent formulation, in formula, with the addition of film former component, within 60-120 days, can ensure that film does not come off after seed soaking dressing, ensure that sugarcane kind fully absorbs active ingredient.
In addition, the present invention uses base fertilizer and foliage-spray Liquid Fertilizer: the generation of culmicolous smut of sugar cane is greatly affected by environment, when the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer in soil is excessive, causes C/N ratio to be lacked of proper care, and culmicolous smut of sugar cane spore is Survival and growth in acid soil property easily.The present invention, by the many manure uses of base fertilizer, improves soil environment; Spray dextrose plus saccharose and liquid carbon fertilizer in vegetative period, utilize plant blade back pore or leaf margin water hole to absorb sugar juice, so not only can regulate C/N ratio in plant body, suppress excessive growth, and crop leaf can be made soft, strengthen resistance.Improve the C/N ratio of crop, improve autoimmunity, finally improve resistance against diseases.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: by screening the suitable medicament preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane, and efficient combination makes it reach best control efficiency, the C/N ratio of regulation and control soil is focused in fertilising process, improve the resistance against diseases of sugarcane itself, this technology simple possible, easy popularization is easily applied, for capturing this global problem important in inhibiting of culmicolous smut of sugar cane.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
embodiment one
Implement place: Li Tang town, Binyang County, Guangxi
The enforcement time: on March 27th, 2013
Implement area: 5 mu
Implementation step is as follows:
(1) wholely: trench digging, ridging;
(2) stem process is planted:
(3) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: the quicklime being first sprinkled into 3 tons/mu in plantation ditch, covering film, compression covers tightly; Continue after 7 days to apply 2 tons of/mu chicken manures fully become thoroughly decomposed, finally apply the composite fertilizer of 20-50kg/ mu, N P and K is 15-7-10; Base fertilizer is Kong Dan type composite fertilizer.
(4) breeding period administration: at sugarcane foliage-spray in tillering stage glucose or sucrose, the amount of spraying is 50g/ mu; " green treasure " liquid carbon fertilizer, the amount of spraying 10g/ mu is squirted on sugarcane shooting stage blade face.
According to above scheme, inventor all measures the incidence of disease of later stage smut and output, the results are shown in following table:
embodiment two
Implement place: spirit cities and towns, Guangxi Qinzhou Lingshan County
The enforcement time: on April 2nd, 2013
Implement area: 27 mu
Implementation step is as follows:
(1) wholely: trench digging, ridging;
(2) stem process is planted with embodiment 1.
(3) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: the quicklime being first sprinkled into 5 tons/mu in plantation ditch, covering film, compression covers tightly; Continue after 7 days to apply 2 tons of/mu chicken manures fully become thoroughly decomposed, finally apply the composite fertilizer of 50kg/ mu, N P and K is 15-7-10; Base fertilizer is Kong Dan type composite fertilizer.
(4) breeding period administration: at sugarcane foliage-spray in tillering stage glucose or sucrose, the amount of spraying is 100g/ mu; " green treasure " liquid carbon fertilizer, the amount of spraying 30g/ mu is squirted on sugarcane shooting stage blade face.
According to above scheme, inventor all measures the incidence of disease of later stage smut and output, the results are shown in following table:
As can be seen from data in table, the sugarcane of technical scheme plantation of the present invention, seldom smut occurs, and still can there is comparatively serious smut to the later stage in the sugarcane kind of conventional method formalin sterilization, affect output.Above embodiment shows, uses the technology of this programme can carry out popularization demonstration in a big way, expands the universal of achievement further.

Claims (4)

1. prevent and treat a method for culmicolous smut of sugar cane, it is characterized in that: described method comprises the steps:
(1) wholely: trench digging, ridging;
(2) plant stem process: by 25% pyraclostrobin missible oil 2000-5000 times of liquid, 6% Tebuconazole kind clothing suspending agent 300-1000 times of liquid and 25g/L fludioxonil kind clothing suspending agent 3000-8000 times of liquid, after 2:2:1 mixture, put into sugarcane kind, seed soaking 24h; Dry, for subsequent use;
(3) apply fertilizer to the subsoil: the quicklime being first sprinkled into 3-5 ton/mu in plantation ditch, covering film, compression covers tightly; Continue after 7 days to apply 2 tons of/mu chicken manures fully become thoroughly decomposed, finally apply the base fertilizer of 20-50kg/ mu, N P and K is 15-7-10;
(4) breeding period administration: at sugarcane foliage-spray in tillering stage glucose or sucrose, the amount of spraying is 50-100g/ mu; Liquid carbon fertilizer is squirted, the amount of spraying 10-30g/ mu on sugarcane shooting stage blade face.
2. method of preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (3) base fertilizer is Kong Dan type composite fertilizer.
3. method of preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (4) liquid carbon is fertile is produced by the biochemical Co., Ltd in oasis, Fujian, and commodity are called " green treasure ".
4. method of preventing and treating culmicolous smut of sugar cane according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (1) and step (3) use mechanical integrated operate.
CN201510805254.5A 2015-11-20 2015-11-20 A kind of method for preventing and treating smut of sugarcane Expired - Fee Related CN105265158B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106258455A (en) * 2016-10-17 2017-01-04 张俊良 A kind of prevention and controls of smut of sugarcane
CN106688553A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-05-24 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 Method for preventing sugarcane smut by soaking seeds in hot water pesticide and fertilizer liquid
CN106717873A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-05-31 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 A kind of method for preventing and treating planting smut of sugarcane
CN106718397A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-05-31 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 A kind of effective method for mitigating ratoon sugarcane smut
CN113016551A (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-06-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Planting method for preventing and treating smut of sugarcane

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CN104838869A (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-08-19 黄建军 High-yield cultivation method for sugarcanes

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CN104335779A (en) * 2013-07-26 2015-02-11 徐立容 Spring planting method of sugarcane
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106258455A (en) * 2016-10-17 2017-01-04 张俊良 A kind of prevention and controls of smut of sugarcane
CN106258455B (en) * 2016-10-17 2019-06-04 张俊良 A kind of control method of sugarcane smut
CN106688553A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-05-24 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 Method for preventing sugarcane smut by soaking seeds in hot water pesticide and fertilizer liquid
CN106717873A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-05-31 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 A kind of method for preventing and treating planting smut of sugarcane
CN106718397A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-05-31 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 A kind of effective method for mitigating ratoon sugarcane smut
CN113016551A (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-06-25 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Planting method for preventing and treating smut of sugarcane

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