CN105766316B - A kind of Asian puccoon crow stock breeding method - Google Patents

A kind of Asian puccoon crow stock breeding method Download PDF

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CN105766316B
CN105766316B CN201610160095.2A CN201610160095A CN105766316B CN 105766316 B CN105766316 B CN 105766316B CN 201610160095 A CN201610160095 A CN 201610160095A CN 105766316 B CN105766316 B CN 105766316B
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asian puccoon
sowing
seed
puccoon crow
crow
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CN105766316A (en
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杨少华
徐中志
陈翠
杨丽云
戚淑威
侯志江
和建英
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INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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INSTITUTE OF ALPINE ECONOMIC PLANT IN YUNNAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of Asian puccoon crow stock breeding method.This method selects 2800~3200m of height above sea level, 7.5~10.0 DEG C of samming of year, the area of 150~180d of frost-free period, and the sand loam of medium fertility did not planted the rhizome of Chinese monkshood in the first three years, and preceding crop is bitter buckwheat or rape etc.；Organic fertilizer is base manure when site preparation, is sowed in mid-November to early December, before sowing, Asian puccoon crow root tubers are impregnated with 75% Bravo wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, after insemination and emergence three times to next year September top dressing, 8~September of next year of sowing, when Asian puccoon crow squaring period, pinching bud picking is carried out to side shoot；Late September next year to the mid-October of sowing harvests seed.The method of the present invention can make the seed production in Asian puccoon crow seed-breeding field reach 750~900kg/hm2, thousand grain weigth reaches 3.5g~4.5g, and percentage of seedgermination reaches 93~95%, and physical purity of seed reaches 95~98%.

Description

A kind of Asian puccoon crow stock breeding method
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant raising technology fields, and in particular to the stock breeding method of Asian puccoon crow.
Background technique
Asian puccoon crow is the ranunculaceae plant horse ear mountain rhizome of Chinese monkshood (Aconitum delavayi Franch) root tuber also known as water plant Crow, radix aconiti agrestis, stifled drawing, evil mind solution, are Ranunculaceae herbaceos perennials, are one of China's traditional Chinese medicine.Stock is in " legendary god of farming's sheet Grass warp ", Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) Compendium of Material Medica is recorded: " RADIX ACONITI KUSNEZIFFII is penetrated not.Or even the medicine of poison adds if non-radix aconiti sinensis, monkshood people are planted The ratio between to brew, kill its toxicity, from the stupid anxious disease of non-wind, can not gently throw." in recent years chemical constitution study show that Asian puccoon crow root tuber contains A variety of alkaloids have significant toxicity and physiological activity, such as the effects of local anaesthesia, calmness, antipyretic, heart tonifying.There is dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, fiber crops The effect of liquor-saturated, eliminating cold to stop pain, opens phlegm, detumescence, is used for rheumatic arthralgia, paralysis due to windstroke, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury, and intercostal neuralgia solves the rhizome of Chinese monkshood Poisoning, is widely used in Chinese medicine compatibility and pharmaceutical raw material.It is distributed mainly on northwestern Yunnan Province and South-west Sichuan, is born in height above sea level 2400 In~3200 meters of mountainous region bushes.
It is always the indispensable raw medicinal material of pharmacy corporation since the content of bulleyaconitine A in Asian puccoon crow is higher.With The exploitation of the unique medicinal efficacy of Asian puccoon crow and application range are constantly expanding, and the market demand increases, and the price of Asian puccoon crow also exists It rises steadily.Although Asian puccoon crow is distributed more widely, its wild resource is collected by the blindness of many years, destructiveness is excavated and growth ring The extreme damage in border, it is increasingly exhausted, or even the danger of extinction is faced, this situation seriously threatens the development of medication enterprise, The confession for natural resources occur gives the conspicuous contradiction of Sustainable Development and Utilization.Up to the present, it is related good to yet there are no Asian puccoon crow Kind breeding research work report.
Summary of the invention
Lack suitable breeding breeding effective ways to Asian puccoon crow seed growing to solve the prior art, seed production it is low and The technical problem of its seed quality difference, the present invention provide a kind of Asian puccoon crow stock breeding method.
A kind of Asian puccoon crow stock breeding method that the method for the present invention provides includes following selection of land, site preparation, sowing, field management With seed collection step:
(1) selection of land: selection 2800~3200m of height above sea level, 7.5 DEG C~10.0 DEG C of samming of year, most cold -1.0 DEG C of moon samming~2.5 DEG C, it is 13.5 DEG C~15 DEG C of moon samming most hot, >=10.0 DEG C 1900.0 DEG C~2350.0 DEG C of annual accumution, annual precipitation 800mm~ 1100mm, the area of 150~180d of frost-free period, and based on mass fraction, soil with organic matter content is 2~3%, and full nitrogen is 0.10~0.15%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 90~120mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 10~20mg/kg, and available potassium is 100~150mg/kg's Sand loam was not planted the rhizome of Chinese monkshood (Aconitum carmichaeli) in the first three years, and preceding crop is kidney bean, potato, hardship Buckwheat or rape；
(2) site preparation: after preceding crop harvest, soil is tedded, and apply 22500~30000kg/hm of organic fertilizer2, with matter Score meter is measured, the content of organic matter >=30% in the organic fertilizer, the wide 100~120cm of bedding, the high 12~15cm of furrow, furrow width 25~ 30cm；
(3) sow: the sowing of mid-November to early December selects current year excavation, no disease and pests harm, weight to be 30~40g, fall The Asian puccoon crow root tuber of cone is as propagation material, before sowing, by 75% Bravo wettable powder of selected Asian puccoon crow root tuber 500 times of liquid of agent impregnate 2~3h, after drying transepidermal water, open cave, cave depth 10cm~15cm, every cave plantation 1 by 30 × 25cm specification A Asian puccoon crow root tuber, bud mouth is upward, 3~5cm of earthing；
(4) field management:
1. first time topdressing, 20~30d after emergence impose decomposed cake fertilizer 750kg/hm2, while applying N content is 46% 225~450kg/hm of urea of mass fraction2；
2. second of top dressing is carried out in late June next year~early July of step (3) sowing, apply decomposed cake fertilizer 1500~ 2250kg/hm2, while applying 300~600kg/hm of compound fertilizer2, N:P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15；
3. third time top dressing, in step (3) sowing late August next year~early September carry out, apply compound fertilizer 300~ 600kg/hm2, N:P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15；
4. step (3) sowing 8~September of next year, Asian puccoon crow squaring period when, to side shoot carry out 2~3 pinching bud picking；
(5) seed collection: in the mature seed of harvesting late September next year to the mid-October Asian puccoon crow of step (3) sowing.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The seed production in Asian puccoon crow seed-breeding field can be made to reach 750~900kg/hm using the method for the present invention2, increase production than control 200%~400%, thousand grain weigth reaches 3.5g~4.5g, improves 40%~40.62% than control；Percentage of seedgermination reaches 93%~95%, 46%~86% is improved than control；Physical purity of seed reaches 95%~98%, than control improve 35.7%~ 40%.
2, the method for the present invention is easy to operate, is easy to grasp and promote.
Specific embodiment
The materials such as fertilizer used in following embodiment, Asian puccoon crow root tuber, pesticide be it is commercially available, without specified otherwise in embodiment It is conventional method.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of land: selecting height above sea level 2800m, 7.5 DEG C~9.0 DEG C of samming of year, 1.0 DEG C~2.5 DEG C of moon samming most cold, most hot 13.5 DEG C~15 DEG C of samming of the moon, >=10.0 DEG C 1900.0 DEG C~2350.0 DEG C of annual accumution, annual precipitation 800mm~1000mm, nothing The area of 150~180d of frost season, and based on mass fraction, soil with organic matter content are 2~3%, full nitrogen N is 0.10~ 0.15%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen N are 90~120mg/kg, with P2O5Meter, rapid available phosphorus is 10~20mg/kg, with K2O meter, available potassium 100 The sand loam of~150mg/kg was not planted the rhizome of Chinese monkshood (Aconitum carmichaeli) in the first three years, and preceding crop is hardship Buckwheat；The rhizome of Chinese monkshood (Aconitum carmichaeli) and Asian puccoon crow are all ranunculaceae plant, are claimed after main root (female root) processing " monkshood ", lateral root (sub- root) then claim " monkshood "；This area's rainfall focuses mostly in August, often has accumulated snow, frost March in December to next year.
(2) site preparation: after preceding crop harvest, soil is tedded, applies organic fertilizer 22500kg/hm2, based on mass fraction, The content of organic matter >=30% in the organic fertilizer, the wide 100cm of bedding, furrow high 12cm, furrow width 25cm, leveling furrow face are in hunchbacked shape.
(3) sow: mid-November sowing time, select excavation for the year, no disease and pests harm, weight be 30~40g, inverted conical shape Asian puccoon crow root tuber as propagation material, seed purity can be improved in selected root tuber.Before sowing, selected Asian puccoon crow root tuber is used 75% 500 times of Bravo wettable powder liquid soaking disinfection time 2h, after drying transepidermal water, opens cave by 30 × 25cm specification, Cave depth 10cm~15cm, every cave plant 1 Asian puccoon crow root tuber, keep bud mouth upward, 3~5cm of earthing.
(4) field management:
1. first time topdressing imposes decomposed cake fertilizer 750kg/hm 25 days after emergence2, while applying N content is 46% mass The urea 225kg/hm of score2。
2. second of top dressing carries out in late June next year of step (3) sowing, applies decomposed cake fertilizer 1500kg/hm2, simultaneously Apply compound fertilizer 300kg/hm2, N:P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15.
3. third time top dressing carries out in late August next year of step (3) sowing, applies compound fertilizer 300kg/hm2, described multiple N:P in Hefei2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15.
4. step (3) sowing 8~September of next year, Asian puccoon crow squaring period when, to side shoot carry out 2 pinching bud picking, with suppression Plant excessive growth processed makes nutrient concentrate on stem bud, promotes seed growth.
(5) seed collection: in the 1st~2 batch of harvesting late September next year to the mid-October Asian puccoon crow of step (3) sowing Mature seed.
Son of collecting seed is classified by 1 parameter of table.
1 Asian puccoon crow seed grading table of table
Project First order seed Secondary seed Three-level seed
Cleanliness (%) ≥95 >=90, < 95 >=85, < 90
Germination percentage (%) ≥95 >=90, < 95 >=85, < 90
Seed plumpness (%) ≥95 >=85, < 95 >=75, < 85
Mass of 1000 kernel (g) ≥4.5 >=4, < 4.5 >=3.5, < 4
There is free from insect pests Nothing Nothing Nothing
Test result:
Asian puccoon crow seed production reaches 750~900kg/hm2, thousand grain weigth reaches 3.5g~4.5g, percentage of seedgermination Reach 93%~95%, physical purity of seed reaches 95%~98%, seed grain plumpness > 85%, is classified, is harvested by table 1 Seed is I and II seed, is breeding.
Control: Asian puccoon crow stock breeding at present unmature technology and relevant report, actual production is according to the northern rhizome of Chinese monkshood The implantation methods of (Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichb.), are bred using root tuber, and December plants in winter, by 25 × 25cm specification opens cave, deep 10cm, and every cave plants 1~2 Asian puccoon crow root tuber, harvests seed when to second year seed in November maturation, Asian puccoon crow seed production reaches 150~300kg/hm2, thousand grain weigth reaches 2.5g~3.2g, and percentage of seedgermination reaches 50~ 65%, physical purity of seed reaches 70%.
Experiments have shown that: the seed production of the method for the present invention is than control volume increase 200%~400%, and thousand grain weigth is than control Improve 40%~40.62%；Percentage of seedgermination improves 46%~86% than control；Physical purity of seed ratio control raising 35.7%~ 40%.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of Asian puccoon crow stock breeding method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) selection of land: selection 2800~3200m of height above sea level, 7.5 DEG C~10.0 DEG C of samming of year, most cold -1.0 DEG C of moon samming~2.5 DEG C, It is 13.5 DEG C~15 DEG C of moon samming most hot, >=10.0 DEG C 1900.0 DEG C~2350.0 DEG C of annual accumution, annual precipitation 800mm~ 1100mm, the area of 150~180d of frost-free period, and based on mass fraction, soil with organic matter content is 2~3%, and full nitrogen is 0.10~0.15%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 90~120mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus is 10~20mg/kg, and available potassium is 100~150mg/kg's Sand loam was not planted the rhizome of Chinese monkshood (Aconitum carmichaeli) in the first three years, and preceding crop is kidney bean, potato, hardship Buckwheat or rape；
(2) site preparation: after preceding crop harvest, soil is tedded, applies 22500~30000kg/hm of organic fertilizer2, with mass fraction It counts, the content of organic matter >=30% in the organic fertilizer, the wide 100~120cm of bedding, furrow high 12~15cm, 25~30cm of furrow width；
(3) sow: the sowing of mid-November to early December, select excavation for the year, no disease and pests harm, weight be 30~40g, inverted cone The Asian puccoon crow root tuber of shape is as propagation material, before sowing, by 75% Bravo wettable powder 500 of selected Asian puccoon crow root tuber Times liquid impregnates 2~3h, after drying transepidermal water, opens cave, cave depth 10cm~15cm, 1 institute of every cave plantation by 30 × 25cm specification Asian puccoon crow root tuber is stated, bud mouth is upward, 3~5cm of earthing；
(4) field management:
1. first time topdressing, 20~30d after emergence impose decomposed cake fertilizer 750kg/hm2, while N content is applied as 46% mass point Several 225~450kg/hm of urea2；
2. second of top dressing is carried out in late June next year~early July of step (3) sowing, apply decomposed cake fertilizer 1500~ 2250kg/hm2, while applying 300~600kg/hm of compound fertilizer2, N:P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15；
3. third time top dressing carries out in late August next year~early September of step (3) sowing, applies 300~600kg/ of compound fertilizer hm2, N:P in the compound fertilizer2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 15:15:15；
4. step (3) sowing 8~September of next year, Asian puccoon crow squaring period when, to side shoot carry out 2~3 pinching bud picking；
(5) seed collection: in the mature seed of harvesting late September next year to the mid-October Asian puccoon crow of step (3) sowing.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106560024B (en) * 2016-08-04 2018-09-25 丽江十邦生物工程有限责任公司 The rapid propagation method of monkshood
CN106134913A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-11-23 维西腾云中药材种养殖有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii
CN106358654A (en) * 2016-08-25 2017-02-01 北京华邈中药工程技术开发中心 Method for improving stability of content of drug effective ingredients in aconitum kusnezoff radices
CN109566314B (en) * 2019-01-21 2021-03-30 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 High-yield cultivation method for blocking reproductive growth of monkshood
CN111066411B (en) * 2019-12-12 2021-12-31 贵州金草海药材发展有限公司 Peucedanum praeruptorum seed selection method

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