CN105165329A - Salvia miltiorrhiza planting method - Google Patents
Salvia miltiorrhiza planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165329A CN105165329A CN201510527356.5A CN201510527356A CN105165329A CN 105165329 A CN105165329 A CN 105165329A CN 201510527356 A CN201510527356 A CN 201510527356A CN 105165329 A CN105165329 A CN 105165329A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The present invention discloses a salvia miltiorrhiza planting method. The method comprises seed seedling, land selecting, soil preparing, transplanting, field managing, and diseases and pests preventing; the soil preparing specifically comprises: carrying out first time deep ploughing performed immediately after harvesting of salvia miltiorrhiza, wherein the ploughing depth is 80-100 cm; ploughing underlayer soil to the surface layer, wherein the soil can be insolated; carrying out second time deep ploughing to be performed in March and April in the next year, wherein the ploughing depth is 40-60 cm, and the soil can be insolated continuously; and and carrying out third time shallow ploughing to be performed before transplanting, wherein the surface layer of the soil is applied with an organic fertilizer at first, then is shallow-plowed for 20-30 cm, and uniform raking and thorough raking are performed in time, wherein the soil is finely crushed, and the ground surface is even. According to the salvia miltiorrhiza planting method provided by the present invention, problems of effective prevention of salvia miltiorrhiza root knot nematode disease, and pesticide residue avoidance and the like are solved, and therefore the quality and the grade of the salvia miltiorrhiza are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine plant field, relate more specifically to a kind of red sage root high-yield planting method of efficient, environmental protection control red sage root Root-knot.
Background technology
The red sage root (SalviamiltiorrhizaBunge) belongs to herbaceos perennial for Lamiaceae Salvia, is used as medicine with dry root and rhizome, and be China's tradition bulk medicinal materials, have stasis-dispelling and pain-killing, activating blood to promote menstruation, clear away heart-fire the effects such as relieving restlessness.Since the seventies in last century, the red sage root has become the first-selected medicinal material of the angiocardiopathies such as clinical treatment coronary heart diseases and angina pectoris, miocardial infarction.Current medical market sharply increases the raw-material demand of the red sage root, and red sage root wild resource destroys serious, exacerbates the imbalance between supply and demand of the red sage root.The artificial planting red sage root becomes the fundamental way solving medicine source.Red sage root propagation method conventional in current production has root division, cottage propagation and the breeding of reed head etc., but the red sage root of plantation is due to long-term vegetative propagation, the phenomenons such as active constituent content extremely unstable, infection virus disease cause the decline of quality and yield, have had a strong impact on the development of clinical practice and pharmaceuticals industry.Meanwhile, because the growth of the red sage root is comparatively responsive to environment, the regionality of red sage root artificial planting is comparatively strong, and cause the same area in red sage root planting process, red sage root Root-knot large area occurs, thus has had a strong impact on the artificial planting of the red sage root.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides one and can effectively prevent and treat red sage root Root-knot, and avoid the problems such as residue of pesticide, improve the artificial method for planting of red sage root quality.
Red sage root implantation methods of the present invention, it comprise seed seedling-raising, selection of land, whole, transplant, field management and damage by disease and insect prevention; Wherein, described seed seedling-raising specifically refers to: with seed of gathering in annual 7, August, keep in Dark Place afterwards at subzero 14 DEG C-subzero 20 DEG C; In April in next year, carry out seeding and seedling raising, during nursery, utilize seedling-cultivating tray, every cave program request seed 4-5 grain; Seedling medium is stirred by following component and makes: rice straw 20 weight portion; The peat composed of rotten mosses 40 weight portion; Vermiculite 20 weight portion; Perlite 20 weight portion;
Described whole ground specifically refers to: first time ploughs deeply, and carries out immediately, plough deeply 80-100cm after the red sage root is gathered; Subsoil is turned over to top layer, can be exposed to the sun; Due to root-knot nematode in soil bottom worm's ovum can when without when host safety pass the winter, so, after the red sage root is gathered, soil bottom is routed up, makes outside it is exposed to, through winter low temperature, and long-term solar exposure, root-knot nematode and the worm's ovum of soil bottom can be killed.
Second time is ploughed deeply, and carries out, ploughs deeply 40-60cm, make it continue to be exposed to the sun in 3-4 month in next year; Because temperature raises gradually, the red sage root root-knot nematode worm's ovum in soil layer can be hatched gradually, is now again ploughed deeply by soil and is exposed to the sun, can kill red sage root root-knot nematode in soil further, reduces the occurrence probability of later stage red sage root Root-knot.
Third time shallow plowing, carried out before transplanting, present upper soll layer spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and plough shallowly 20-30cm afterwards, and the even rake of rake is thin in time, reaches soil in small, broken bits, Land leveling.Wherein, described fertilizer is formed by pig manure and rice straw mixing after fermentation.Research finds, when the red sage root and paddy rice carry out crop rotation, the root knot nematode disease incidence of the red sage root is extremely low, and the root system of paddy rice can suppress growth and the growth of red sage root root-knot nematode.So add the fertilizer of rice straw fermentation in soil, the generation of red sage root Root-knot can be suppressed better.
Preferably, describedly also to comprise: after third time shallow plowing, plot is made the furrow that 80-120cm is wide, furrow height 30-40cm, furrow width 40-60cm, utilize stone roller to roll in furrow face afterwards wholely.The porosity of soil can be reduced after rolling, thus avoid hatching and the survival of red sage root root-knot nematode.
Preferably, described transplanting specifically refers to: when red sage root seedling grows 3-4 leaf, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, and line-spacing is 40-60cm, spacing in the rows 40-60cm.
Preferably, carry out digging cave plantation before transplanting, the dark 10-15cm in cave, often spread manuer in holes base fertilizer 15-20g, and described base fertilizer comprises ash 30% by weight percentage, composite fertilizer 70%.Described base fertilizer is conducive to the sterilization of red sage root root, and meanwhile, composite fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes is conducive to red sage root seedling and survives fast.Described composite fertilizer is the common biological compound fertilizer in market.
Preferably, before nursery, carry out seed soaking to salvia seeds, described seed soaking specifically refers to, salvia seeds sterilization is placed in the Gibberellins solution of 120mg/L and soaks 6-8h, keep 3d afterwards at-25 DEG C.Salvia seeds, from after taking out subzero 14 DEG C-subzero 20 DEG C, uses high concentration Gibberellins solution to soak seed, and further pretreatment under low temperature, be conducive to breaking salvia seeds dormancy, the sprouting of promotion salvia seeds.
Preferably, described field management comprises management of topdressing, defloration management and irrigation management, and wherein said defloration management specifically finger is wiped out with the early, middle and late inflorescence to the red sage root respectively at red sage root squaring period, initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage.Due to, in the root and rhizome of the red sage root, the content of active ingredient such as salvianolic acid is far away higher than other positions, so the medicinal part of the red sage root is root and rhizome, in order to promote the growth of its root and rhizome, so its inflorescence will be extractd in time at the florescence of the red sage root, reduce its reproductive growth, promote that it is nourished and grown.
Preferably, described in topdress management specifically finger, the final singling phase topdresses carrying out first time to the first tenday period of a month in May by the end of April, and every mu imposes fertilizer 2000-3000kg; After red sage root third time defloration, carry out second time topdress, every mu imposes decomposed manure 2000kg, and adds potassium chloride 3 ~ 5kg.The red sage root is happiness potassium plant, imposes the accumulation that potash fertilizer improves active ingredient in its root and rhizome.
Preferably, described field management also comprises irrigation and drainage, keeps ground moistening in seedling stage, the timely draining when rainy season, in order to avoid rotten.
Preferably, the extermination of disease and insect pest specifically comprises:
Root rot: rainy season notes draining; Their early stage 50% topsin 800-1000 times of liquid waters;
Cotton bollworm: spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1500 times of liquid or 50% sevin, 600 times of liquid in the flower bud phase;
Three-spotted plusia: spray with 90% chlorophos, 800 times of liquid or 40% flolimat, 1500 times of liquid at the juvenile stage of worm.
Red sage root implantation methods of the present invention, step is simple, easy to operate, drops into little, is convenient to promote.It utilizes natural weather situation, adopt and turn over for three times, in effective reduction soil there is probability in red sage root root-knot nematode, avoid Pesticide use, in fertilizer, the use of rice straw not only can improve soil property simultaneously, the generation of red sage root Root-knot can be prevented and treated simultaneously, improve artificial planting Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth state and quality significantly, for the high-efficiency artificial plantation of the red sage root lays the foundation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
Red sage root implantation methods of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) wholely, first time ploughs deeply, and carries out immediately, plough deeply 80cm after the red sage root is gathered; Subsoil is turned over to top layer, can be exposed to the sun; Second time is ploughed deeply, and carries out, ploughs deeply 40cm, make it continue to be exposed to the sun in 3-4 month in next year.Third time shallow plowing, carried out before transplanting, present upper soll layer spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and plough shallowly 20cm afterwards, and the even rake of rake is thin in time, reaches soil in small, broken bits, Land leveling.Wherein, described fertilizer is formed by pig manure and rice straw mixing after fermentation.Afterwards, plot is made the furrow that 120cm is wide, furrow height 40cm, furrow width 60cm, utilize stone roller to roll in furrow face afterwards.
2) seed seedling-raising:
Seed storage: with seed of gathering in annual 7, August, keep in Dark Place at subzero 20 DEG C afterwards;
Seed soaking: salvia seeds sterilization is placed in the Gibberellins solution of 120mg/L and soaks 6h, keep 3d afterwards at-25 DEG C.
Nursery: April in next year, carries out seeding and seedling raising, during nursery, utilizes seedling-cultivating tray, every cave program request seed 4-5 grain; Seedling medium is stirred by following component and makes: rice straw 20 weight portion; The peat composed of rotten mosses 40 weight portion; Vermiculite 20 weight portion; Perlite 20 weight portion;
3) transplant: carry out digging cave plantation before transplanting, the dark 15cm in cave, often spread manuer in holes base fertilizer 20g, and described base fertilizer comprises ash 30% by weight percentage, composite fertilizer 70%.When red sage root seedling grows 3-4 leaf, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, line-spacing is 40cm, spacing in the rows 40cm.
4) field management comprises management of topdressing, defloration management and irrigation management, and wherein said defloration management specifically finger is wiped out with the early, middle and late inflorescence to the red sage root respectively at red sage root squaring period, initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage.
The described management specifically finger that topdresses, the final singling phase topdresses carrying out first time to the first tenday period of a month in May by the end of April, and every mu imposes fertilizer 2000kg; After red sage root third time defloration, carry out second time topdress, every mu imposes decomposed manure 2000kg, and adds potassium chloride 3kg.The red sage root is happiness potassium plant, imposes the accumulation that potash fertilizer improves active ingredient in its root and rhizome.
Described field management also comprises irrigation and drainage, keeps ground moistening in seedling stage, the timely draining when rainy season, in order to avoid rotten.
5) extermination of disease and insect pest specifically comprises:
Root rot: rainy season notes draining; Their early stage 50% topsin 800-1000 times of liquid waters;
Cotton bollworm: spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1500 times of liquid or 50% sevin, 600 times of liquid in the flower bud phase;
Three-spotted plusia: spray with 90% chlorophos, 800 times of liquid or 40% flolimat, 1500 times of liquid at the juvenile stage of worm.
Embodiment 2
Red sage root implantation methods of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) wholely, first time ploughs deeply, and carries out immediately, plough deeply 70cm after the red sage root is gathered; Subsoil is turned over to top layer, can be exposed to the sun; Second time is ploughed deeply, and carries out, ploughs deeply 55cm, make it continue to be exposed to the sun in 3-4 month in next year.Third time shallow plowing, carried out before transplanting, present upper soll layer spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and plough shallowly 20cm afterwards, and the even rake of rake is thin in time, reaches soil in small, broken bits, Land leveling.Wherein, described fertilizer is formed by pig manure and rice straw mixing after fermentation.Afterwards, plot is made the furrow that 100cm is wide, furrow height 30cm, furrow width 40cm, utilize stone roller to roll in furrow face afterwards.
2) seed seedling-raising:
Seed storage: with seed of gathering in annual 7, August, keep in Dark Place at subzero 20 DEG C afterwards;
Seed soaking: salvia seeds sterilization is placed in the Gibberellins solution of 120mg/L and soaks 7h, keep 3d afterwards at-25 DEG C.
Nursery: April in next year, carries out seeding and seedling raising, during nursery, utilizes seedling-cultivating tray, every cave program request seed 4-5 grain; Seedling medium is stirred by following component and makes: rice straw 20 weight portion; The peat composed of rotten mosses 40 weight portion; Vermiculite 20 weight portion; Perlite 20 weight portion;
3) transplant: carry out digging cave plantation before transplanting, the dark 15cm in cave, often spread manuer in holes base fertilizer 20g, and described base fertilizer comprises ash 30% by weight percentage, composite fertilizer 70%.When red sage root seedling grows 3-4 leaf, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, line-spacing is 50cm, spacing in the rows 50cm.
4) field management comprises management of topdressing, defloration management and irrigation management, and wherein said defloration management specifically finger is wiped out with the early, middle and late inflorescence to the red sage root respectively at red sage root squaring period, initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage.
The described management specifically finger that topdresses, the final singling phase topdresses carrying out first time to the first tenday period of a month in May by the end of April, and every mu imposes fertilizer 2500kg; After red sage root third time defloration, carry out second time topdress, every mu imposes decomposed manure 2000kg, and adds potassium chloride 4kg.The red sage root is happiness potassium plant, imposes the accumulation that potash fertilizer improves active ingredient in its root and rhizome.
Described field management also comprises irrigation and drainage, keeps ground moistening in seedling stage, the timely draining when rainy season, in order to avoid rotten.
5) extermination of disease and insect pest specifically comprises:
Root rot: rainy season notes draining; Their early stage 50% topsin 800-1000 times of liquid waters;
Cotton bollworm: spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1500 times of liquid or 50% sevin, 600 times of liquid in the flower bud phase;
Three-spotted plusia: spray with 90% chlorophos, 800 times of liquid or 40% flolimat, 1500 times of liquid at the juvenile stage of worm.
Comparative example 1
Preceding crop is paddy rice, adopts conventional red sage root planting technology to plant, gathers November, and statistics red sage root Root-knot incidence is 6.37%.
Comparative example 2
Preceding crop is corn, adopts conventional red sage root planting technology to plant, gathers November, and statistics red sage root Root-knot incidence is 12.52%.
The incidence of adding up red sage root Root-knot in the embodiment of the present invention 1 and embodiment 2 is only 2.1% and 1.9%.Well below the incidence of the red sage root Root-knot in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.And the output of the embodiment of the present invention a kind of red sage root of planting is up to every mu of 1361.5kg, far away higher than the output of general planting method.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and the embodiments described herein.
Claims (9)
1. a red sage root implantation methods, it comprise seed seedling-raising, whole, transplant, field management and damage by disease and insect prevention; It is characterized in that,
Described seed seedling-raising specifically refers to: with seed of gathering in annual 7, August, keep in Dark Place afterwards at subzero 14 DEG C-subzero 20 DEG C; In April in next year, carry out seeding and seedling raising, during nursery, utilize seedling-cultivating tray, every cave program request seed 4-5 grain; Seedling medium is stirred by following component and makes: rice straw 20 weight portion; The peat composed of rotten mosses 40 weight portion; Vermiculite 20 weight portion; Perlite 20 weight portion;
Described whole ground specifically refers to: first time ploughs deeply, and carries out immediately, plough deeply 80-100cm after the red sage root is gathered; Subsoil is turned over to top layer, can be exposed to the sun;
Second time is ploughed deeply, and carries out, ploughs deeply 40-60cm, make it continue to be exposed to the sun in 3-4 month in next year;
Third time shallow plowing, carried out before transplanting, present upper soll layer spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and plough shallowly 20-30cm afterwards, and the even rake of rake is thin in time, reaches soil in small, broken bits, Land leveling.Wherein, described fertilizer is formed by pig manure and rice straw mixing after fermentation.
2. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly also comprises wholely: after third time shallow plowing, plot is made the furrow that 80-120cm is wide, furrow height 30-40cm, furrow width 40-60cm, utilize stone roller to roll in furrow face afterwards.
3. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transplanting specifically refers to: when red sage root seedling grows 3-4 leaf, be transplanted to land for growing field crops, and line-spacing is 40-60cm, spacing in the rows 40-60cm.
4. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, carries out digging cave plantation before transplanting, and the dark 10-15cm in cave, often spread manuer in holes base fertilizer 15-20g, and described base fertilizer comprises ash 30% by weight percentage, composite fertilizer 70%.
5. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, before nursery, carry out seed soaking to salvia seeds, described seed soaking specifically refers to, salvia seeds sterilization is placed in the Gibberellins solution of 120mg/L and soaks 6-8h, at-25 DEG C, keep 3d afterwards.
6. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described field management comprises management of topdressing, defloration management and irrigation management, and wherein said defloration management specifically finger is wiped out with the early, middle and late inflorescence to the red sage root respectively at red sage root squaring period, initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage.
7. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described in topdress management specifically finger, the final singling phase topdresses carrying out first time to the first tenday period of a month in May by the end of April, and every mu imposes fertilizer 2000-3000kg; After red sage root third time defloration, carry out second time topdress, every mu imposes decomposed manure 2000kg, and adds potassium chloride 3 ~ 5kg.
8. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described field management also comprises irrigation and drainage, keeps ground moistening in seedling stage, the timely draining when rainy season, in order to avoid rotten.
9. red sage root implantation methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the extermination of disease and insect pest specifically comprises:
Root rot: rainy season notes draining; Their early stage 50% topsin 800-1000 times of liquid waters;
Cotton bollworm: spray 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1500 times of liquid or 50% sevin, 600 times of liquid in the flower bud phase;
Three-spotted plusia: spray with 90% chlorophos, 800 times of liquid or 40% flolimat, 1500 times of liquid at the juvenile stage of worm.
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| CN105766332A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-20 | 山东省农业科学院原子能农业应用研究所 | Interplanting and crop rotation combined planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza and millet |
| CN105900624A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-08-31 | 湖北神农本草中药饮片有限公司 | Vegetative propagation high yield planting technology of red sages |
| CN105993462A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for promoting growth of pseudo-bulbs of bletilla striata |
| CN107711386A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-02-23 | 泰顺县韦中家庭农场 | A kind of red sage root implantation methods for being advantageous to red sage root healthy growth |
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| CN108901292A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2018-11-30 | 曲靖市锦屯农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of fertilizing method suitable for Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth |
| CN108934863A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽俊祺生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation technique of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae |
| CN109042188A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 遂宁市永荣生态农业有限责任公司 | A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae implantation methods of high yield and high quality |
| CN109169114A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-11 | 济宁市食品药品检验检测中心（济宁市药品不良反应与药物滥用监测中心） | A method of it reducing Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae pest and disease damage and occurs |
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| CN105766332A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-20 | 山东省农业科学院原子能农业应用研究所 | Interplanting and crop rotation combined planting method of salvia miltiorrhiza and millet |
| CN105900624A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-08-31 | 湖北神农本草中药饮片有限公司 | Vegetative propagation high yield planting technology of red sages |
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| CN105993462A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for promoting growth of pseudo-bulbs of bletilla striata |
| CN108012795A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-11 | 深圳市娅安科技有限公司 | A kind of rhizome traditional Chinese medicinal materials implantation methods |
| CN107711386A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-02-23 | 泰顺县韦中家庭农场 | A kind of red sage root implantation methods for being advantageous to red sage root healthy growth |
| CN108934863A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽俊祺生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation technique of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae |
| CN109042188A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-21 | 遂宁市永荣生态农业有限责任公司 | A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae implantation methods of high yield and high quality |
| CN108901292A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2018-11-30 | 曲靖市锦屯农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of fertilizing method suitable for Salvia miltiorrhiza Growth |
| CN109169114A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-11 | 济宁市食品药品检验检测中心（济宁市药品不良反应与药物滥用监测中心） | A method of it reducing Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae pest and disease damage and occurs |
| CN109601301A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-12 | 济宁市食品药品检验检测中心（济宁市药品不良反应与药物滥用监测中心） | The implantation methods of polyoses content in a kind of raising Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae |
| CN111183862A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-22 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza |
| CN111183862B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle of salvia miltiorrhiza |
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