CN111233559A - Production method and application of disease-resistant, insect-killing and yield-increasing organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Production method and application of disease-resistant, insect-killing and yield-increasing organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of a disease-resistant, insect-killing and yield-increasing organic fertilizer, which is carried out according to the following steps: the organic fertilizer is prepared by pretreating and mixing raw materials, preparing a composite fermentation microbial inoculum, performing main fermentation, turning, after-ripening fermentation, preparing and adding a functional microbial inoculum and adding quicklime, wherein the organic matter of the organic fertilizer is required to reach 50-70%, the total nutrient of N, P, K is more than or equal to 5%, the number of faecal coliform bacteria is negative, and the death rate of ascarid eggs is 100%. The organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and base fertilizer for hole application; the yield and harvest of potatoes, hot peppers, leaf lettuce, tomatoes, summer yellow and white, apples, grapes and strawberries are increased. The invention provides a fertilizer which can effectively inhibit the growth and propagation of harmful bacteria, purify the soil environment, protect the root system of crops and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases; meanwhile, the organic fertilizer integrates phosphorus, potassium and trace elements into a whole, so that nutrients are absorbed and utilized, the fertility is improved, the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, and the high yield and the efficiency of crops can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to a production method and application of a disease-resistant, insect-resistant and yield-increasing organic fertilizer.
Background
The organic fertilizer is mainly processed by using organic solid wastes, wastes are changed into valuables, the raw materials used for producing the organic fertilizer at present comprise straws, livestock and poultry manure, agricultural and sideline products, solid wastes generated by food processing and the like, China is the country with the largest tobacco planting area in the world, the tobacco yield per year is 500 ten thousand tons, about 25 percent of leftovers such as tobacco powder and tobacco stems are abandoned and cannot be used for cigarette production, the current treatment method is to bury the tobacco leaves after direct incineration to cause environmental pollution, the tobacco leaves are rich in a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element components, and simultaneously, the organic fertilizer has the effects of killing insects and expelling parasites and is an ideal raw material for manufacturing the organic fertilizer, but the tobacco virus diseases are serious, the tobacco virus diseases comprise 16 tobacco virus diseases, wherein TMV, CMV and PVY3 viruses are the viruses causing the tobacco mosaic diseases, and the disease infection of plants is probably caused by directly using the tobacco powder as the raw material of the organic fertilizer, the loss is caused, which is one of the reasons that the tobacco powder can not be applied to the production of organic fertilizer in large quantity, if the tobacco powder can be effectively treated to avoid the virus infection of the tobacco powder, the tobacco powder can be applied to the production of the organic fertilizer, the effect of increasing the yield of the organic fertilizer can be achieved, the problems of waste, waste and environmental pollution of the existing tobacco powder can be effectively solved, and the problem is a subject which needs to be researched. Because tobacco leaves contain components which are not beneficial to the growth of microorganisms, such as nicotine and the like, the traditional HM decomposing agent cannot well decompose the tobacco leaves, and if harmless treatment is not thorough, pathogenic bacteria can be brought back to the soil, so that virus repeated infection is caused. Therefore, a large amount of beneficial bacteria are supplemented to the soil, a protective barrier is formed around the root system of the crop, the growth and the propagation of harmful bacteria are inhibited, the soil environment is purified, the root system of the crop is protected, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is reduced to the maximum extent; meanwhile, the organic fertilizer integrates activation of phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, so that nutrients are absorbed and utilized, the fertility is improved, the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, and the high yield and the efficiency of crops can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a fertilizer which can supplement a large amount of beneficial bacteria to soil, form a protective barrier around crop roots, inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria, purify the soil environment, protect the crop roots and furthest reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases; meanwhile, the organic fertilizer integrates activation of phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, so that nutrients are absorbed and utilized, the fertility is improved, the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, and the high yield and the efficiency of crops can be improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a production method of disease-resistant, insect-killing and yield-increasing organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1. the production method of the disease-resistant, insect-killing and yield-increasing organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) pretreatment: respectively crushing the tobacco stems and the damaged tobacco stems to prepare 60-80 meshes of tobacco powder; controlling the moisture of the cow dung to be below 75%, and removing obvious impurities in the cow dung; crushing the waste fungus bags, controlling the particle size within 3cm, and removing plastic films in the crushed raw materials;
(2) the raw materials are mixed according to the following parts by weight: 20-40 parts of cow dung, 10-30 parts of destroyed tobacco stalk powder, 20-35 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of waste fungus bags and 15-20 parts of tobacco stalk powder, and fully mixing the components by stirring;
(3) preparing a compound fermentation microbial inoculum:
① preparation of culture medium of each strain of composite fermentation inoculum:
PDA culture medium: boiling 200g potato in 1000ml water for half an hour, filtering with gauze, adding 10-20g glucose and 17-20g agar, and sterilizing with high pressure steam (121 deg.C) for 20 min;
LB culture medium: 10g of tryptone, 5g of yeast extract and 10g of sodium chloride (NaCl), adding deionized water to the mixture until the volume is 1000mL, keeping the pH value at 7.0, and sterilizing the mixture for 21 minutes by high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
MRS culture medium: 10g of tryptone, 5g of beef extract powder, 4g of yeast extract powder, 20g of glucose, 801.08 g of tween-sodium, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of triammonium citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O), 0.05g of manganese sulfate (MnSO4.4H2O), 15g of agar, adding distilled water to 1000mL, adjusting the final pH to 6.2 +/-0.2, and sterilizing for 15 minutes by high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
② activation and purification of a single strain and liquid shake culture:
activation and culture of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae)
Inoculating Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) to PDA culture medium, placing in 28 deg.C incubator, and culturing until mycelium is rich or spore is produced; selecting mycelium or spore of fungus, inoculating to prepared fungus liquid culture medium, and performing liquid shake culture at 28 deg.C and 200 rpm;
activation and culture of bacillus subtilis
Inoculating bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium for streak culture, and culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for 24-48 hours until a single colony is generated; selecting a single colony of the medium bacteria, inoculating the single colony of the medium bacteria into a prepared bacteria liquid culture medium, and carrying out liquid shaking culture at the culture temperature of 30 ℃ and the shaking culture rotating speed of 200 rpm;
activation and culture of Lactobacillus plantarum
Inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) in MRS liquid culture medium, culturing at 37 deg.C for 15-20 hr, and subculturing for 2-3 times to obtain activated strain; inoculating the activated strain in MRS liquid culture medium, and culturing at 37 deg.C for 12-15 hr; the shaking table culture rotating speed is 200 rpm;
③ mixing of composite fermentation bacteria
The weight ratio of the single strains of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Lactobacillus plantarum prepared by the method is 3-5: mixing at a ratio of 4-6: 2-4, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite fermentation microbial inoculum;
(4) main fermentation: adding 1 kg of compound fermentation inoculum into each 10 tons of raw material mixture for preparation, controlling the water content to be 52-65%, and fermenting;
(5) turning over, namely, piling the mixture on flat ground for fermentation, and piling the mixture into long stacks with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, wherein the length of the stacks is 10-50 meters; after fermenting for 5-7 days, mechanically turning over the piles once every 2-4 days to provide oxygen, dissipate heat and make the materials ferment evenly, if the materials are over-dried during fermentation, spraying water during turning over the piles in time to ensure smooth fermentation, and thus achieving complete maturity through fermentation for 25-40 days;
(6) after-ripening fermentation: in the fermentation process, the compost temperature rises to above 60 ℃, the pile turning is started after the compost temperature is kept for 48 hours, when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, the pile turning is immediately carried out, the pile turning is uniform and thorough, the low-layer materials are turned into the middle upper part of the pile as much as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed, and the pile turning frequency is determined according to the rotten degree of the materials; the compost is maintained at the high temperature of 45-65 ℃ for 10 days, and pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs, grass seeds and the like can be killed;
(7) preparation of functional microbial inoculum
Culture medium: the culture medium comprises 21.57g of lactose; 2.6g of compound nitrogen source, wherein the compound nitrogen source contains peptone and ammonium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the ammonium sulfate is 1: 3; 0.21g of manganese sulfate; dipotassium phosphate 1.5 g; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 1.2 g; adding deionized water to reach a constant volume of 1000mL, enabling the pH value to be 7.0, and sterilizing for 21 minutes by using high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov) seeds into the culture medium, performing shake culture at 30 ℃ and 170r/min for 24h, transferring the Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) seeds into a new culture medium at 5% (v/v) with the inoculum size of 30 ℃ and 170r/min for 12h until logarithmic phase to obtain seed liquid;
(8) adding a functional microbial inoculum:
after fermentation is completed, adding a functional microbial inoculum when the temperature is reduced, wherein the functional microbial inoculum is added according to the proportion of adding 2 kilograms of organic fertilizer per 1 ton;
(9) adding quicklime:
after the temperature is reduced and stabilized, adding quicklime according to the proportion of adding 10-50 kg of quicklime into each 1 ton of organic fertilizer;
(10) the organic matter of the prepared organic fertilizer reaches 50-70 percent, N, P, K total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent, the faecal coliform number is negative, the death rate of ascarid eggs is 100 percent, and the content of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
The organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and a base fertilizer for hole application, and promotes the application of potatoes, hot peppers, leaf lettuce, tomatoes, summer yellow and white, apples, grapes and strawberries in the aspects of disease resistance and yield increase.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the organic fertilizer is prepared by using the tobacco powder and the tobacco stems as main raw materials, and the potassium content in the tobacco powder is higher, so that a potassium fertilizer can be provided for the growth of crops; after a large amount of beneficial bacteria are supplemented to the soil, a protective barrier is formed around the root system of the crop, the growth and propagation of harmful bacteria are inhibited (i.e. bacteria are controlled), the soil environment is purified, the root system of the crop is protected, meanwhile, various fungi, bacteria and toxic diseases are inhibited, and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases is reduced to the maximum extent; meanwhile, the organic fertilizer can decompose potassium and silicon in minerals such as feldspar, mica and the like, and integrates phosphorus, potassium and trace elements into a whole for activation, so that nutrients are absorbed and utilized, the fertility is improved, the fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and physiological diseases caused by deficiency of trace elements in plants can be effectively prevented; the continuous use of the organic fertilizer can neutralize acid soil, eliminate soil hardening and loosen soil; can effectively inhibit and kill various pests and has extremely strong insecticidal and bactericidal activity; beneficial microorganisms in the organic fertilizer continuously secrete active substances such as plant growth stimulin and various enzymes in the process of reproduction and metabolism, so that rooting, root whitening and root growth are strongly promoted, the number of capillary roots is increased, the water and fertilizer absorption capacity is enhanced, stems are thick and strong, seedlings are not delayed in transplanting, the resistance of crops to diseases is enhanced, and the yield increasing effect of the crops using the organic fertilizer is obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a production system of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which include, but are not limited to, the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A production method of disease-resistant, insect-killing and yield-increasing organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: respectively crushing the tobacco stems and the damaged tobacco stems to prepare 60-80 meshes of tobacco powder; controlling the moisture of the cow dung to be below 75%, and removing obvious impurities in the cow dung; crushing the waste fungus bags, controlling the particle size within 3cm, and removing plastic films in the crushed raw materials;
(2) the raw materials are mixed according to the following parts by weight: 20-40 parts of cow dung, 10-30 parts of destroyed tobacco stalk powder, 20-35 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of waste fungus bags and 15-20 parts of tobacco stalk powder, and fully mixing the components by stirring;
(3) main fermentation: adding 1 kg of compound fermentation inoculum into each 10 tons of raw material mixture, controlling the water content to be 52-65%, and fermenting;
(4) turning over, namely, piling the mixture on flat ground for fermentation, and piling the mixture into long stacks with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, wherein the length of the stacks is 10-50 meters; after fermenting for 5-7 days, mechanically turning over the piles once every 2-4 days to provide oxygen, dissipate heat and make the materials ferment evenly, if the materials are over-dried during fermentation, spraying water during turning over the piles in time to ensure smooth fermentation, and thus achieving complete maturity through fermentation for 25-40 days;
(5) after-ripening fermentation: in the fermentation process, the compost temperature rises to above 60 ℃, the pile turning is started after the compost temperature is kept for 48 hours, when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, the pile turning is immediately carried out, the pile turning is uniform and thorough, the low-layer materials are turned into the middle upper part of the pile as much as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed, and the pile turning frequency is determined according to the rotten degree of the materials; the compost is maintained at the high temperature of 45-65 ℃ for 10 days, and pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs, grass seeds and the like can be killed;
(6) adding a functional microbial inoculum:
after fermentation is completed, adding a functional microbial inoculum when the temperature is reduced, wherein the functional microbial inoculum is added according to the proportion of adding 2 kilograms of organic fertilizer per 1 ton;
(7) adding quicklime:
after the temperature is reduced and stabilized, adding quicklime according to the proportion of adding 10-50 kg of quicklime into each 1 ton of organic fertilizer;
(8) the organic matter of the prepared organic fertilizer reaches 50-70 percent, N, P, K total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent, the faecal coliform number is negative, the death rate of ascarid eggs is 100 percent, and the content of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
Example 2
Preparing a compound fermentation microbial inoculum:
① preparation of culture medium of each strain of composite fermentation inoculum:
PDA culture medium: 200g potato, water 1000ml, boiling for half an hour, filtering with gauze, adding 10-20g glucose and 17-20g agar, and sterilizing with high pressure steam (121 deg.C) for 20 min.
LB culture medium: 10g of tryptone, 5g of yeast extract and 10g of sodium chloride (NaCl), adding deionized water to the mixture until the volume is 1000mL, keeping the pH value at 7.0, and sterilizing the mixture for 21 minutes by high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
MRS culture medium: 10g of tryptone, 5g of beef extract powder, 4g of yeast extract powder, 20g of glucose, 801.08 g of tween-sodium, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of triammonium citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O), 0.05g of manganese sulfate (MnSO4.4H2O), 15g of agar, adding distilled water to 1000mL, adjusting the final pH to 6.2 +/-0.2, and sterilizing for 15 minutes by high-pressure steam (121 ℃).
② activation and purification of a single strain and liquid shake culture:
activation and culture of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae)
Inoculating Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) to PDA culture medium, placing in 28 deg.C incubator, and culturing until mycelium is rich or spore is produced; selecting mycelium or spore of fungus, inoculating to prepared fungus liquid culture medium, and performing liquid shake culture at 28 deg.C and 200 rpm;
activation and culture of bacillus subtilis
Inoculating bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium for streak culture, and culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for 24-48 hours until a single colony is generated; and (3) selecting a single colony of the medium bacteria, inoculating the single colony into a prepared bacteria liquid culture medium, and carrying out liquid shaking culture at the culture temperature of 30 ℃ and the shaking culture rotating speed of 200 rpm.
Activation and culture of Lactobacillus plantarum
Inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) in MRS liquid culture medium, culturing at 37 deg.C for 15-20 hr, and subculturing for 2-3 times to obtain activated strain; inoculating the activated strain in MRS liquid culture medium, and culturing at 37 deg.C for 12-15 hr; the shaking culture was carried out at 200 rpm.
③ mixing of composite fermentation bacteria
The weight ratio of the single strains of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Lactobacillus plantarum prepared by the method is 3-5: and (4) mixing at a ratio of 4-6: 2-4, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite fermentation inoculant.
Example 3
Culture medium: the culture medium comprises 21.57g of lactose; 2.6g of compound nitrogen source, wherein the compound nitrogen source contains peptone and ammonium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the ammonium sulfate is 1: 3; 0.21g of manganese sulfate; dipotassium phosphate 1.5 g; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 1.2 g; adding deionized water to reach a constant volume of 1000mL, enabling the pH value to be 7.0, and sterilizing for 21 minutes by using high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov) seeds to the culture medium, performing shaking culture at 30 ℃ and 170r/min for 24h, transferring the seeds into a new culture medium at an inoculum size of 5% (v/v) and performing shaking culture at 30 ℃ and 170r/min for 12h until logarithmic phase to obtain a seed solution.
Example 4 application of the organic fertilizer to potatoes
The demonstration area and the control area are planted in the 'autumn potato green high-quality high-efficiency creation project' ten thousand mu demonstration area implemented in the small Bai town of Luliang county for actual harvest and production test. The test groups respectively use 180 kg of the product per mu when planting.
Through actual measurement of an expert group, the actual measurement area of the 'Lishu No. 6' land of the capital-constructed farmer land of ten thousand mu of demonstration area is 690.6 square meters, and 3862.1 kilograms of potatoes are harvested by using the product of the invention, wherein: 3415.2 kg of commercial potatoes, 446.9 kg of non-commercial potatoes and 88.43 percent of commercial potatoes. The amount of the impurities is reduced by 1.5 percent, which is 3672.5 kilograms per mu. 2326.75 kg of potatoes are harvested by using the product of the invention, wherein the actual measurement area of the land mass 'Lishu No. 6' of old and small arbor peasant households in the core area of hundred mu is 302.56 square meters, and the method comprises the following steps: 2175.1 kg of commercial potatoes, 151.65 kg of non-commercial potatoes and 93.48 percent of commercial potatoes. The amount of the impurities is reduced by 1.5 percent, which is 5050.2 kilograms per mu.
The control area was surrendered successful in farmer plots "Lishu No. 6" with an actual measured area of 67 square meters and total potatoes was harvested at 256.9 kg using conventional fertilizer, where: 218.4 kg of commercial potatoes, 38.4 kg of non-commercial potatoes and 85.02% of commercial potatoes. The amount of the impurities is reduced by 1.5 percent, which is 2530.5 kilograms per mu.
Through earnest discussion, experts in 2019, the green, high-quality and high-efficiency autumn potato creation project implemented by the organization of agricultural academy of sciences in Qujing City is considered to create an autumn potato high-yield record of 5050.2 kilograms per mu, the average yield per mu in a ten-thousand mu demonstration area is 3672.5 kilograms, the yield is increased by 1142 kilograms per mu compared with 2530.5 kilograms per mu, and the increase is 45.13%.
Example 5 application of the organic fertilizer in disease resistance and yield increase of pepper, leaf lettuce, tomato, summer yellow and white, apple, grape and strawberry.
The test field and the control field of the vegetables and the strawberries are planted in Zhangjia village of Sanbao town of Qujing city, the test field and the control field of the grapes are planted in wheat river on the Oilang village of the Qujing city, the test field and the control field of the apples are planted in Xinhuan village of the Oilang county of the Qujing city, and the planting area is 1 mu;
according to actual measurement, the application of the organic fertilizer (180 kg/mu) can averagely increase the yield of hot pepper by 10.4 percent, the averagely increase the yield of leaf lettuce by 9.0 percent, the averagely increase the yield of tomato by 15.2 percent, the averagely increase the yield of yellow-white summer by 12.3 percent, the averagely increase the yield of strawberry by 8.4 percent, the averagely increase the yield of grape by 13.8 percent and the averagely increase the.
Claims (2)
1. The production method of the disease-resistant, insect-killing and yield-increasing organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) pretreatment: respectively crushing the tobacco stems and the damaged tobacco stems to prepare 60-80 meshes of tobacco powder; controlling the moisture of the cow dung to be below 75%, and removing obvious impurities in the cow dung; crushing the waste fungus bags, controlling the particle size within 3cm, and removing plastic films in the crushed raw materials;
(2) the raw materials are mixed according to the following parts by weight: 20-40 parts of cow dung, 10-30 parts of destroyed tobacco stalk powder, 20-35 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of waste fungus bags and 15-20 parts of tobacco stalk powder, and fully mixing the components by stirring;
(3) preparing a compound fermentation microbial inoculum:
① preparation of culture medium of each strain of composite fermentation inoculum:
PDA culture medium: boiling 200g potato in 1000ml water for half an hour, filtering with gauze, adding 10-20g glucose and 17-20g agar, and sterilizing with high pressure steam (121 deg.C) for 20 min;
LB culture medium: 10g of tryptone, 5g of yeast extract and 10g of sodium chloride (NaCl), adding deionized water to the mixture until the volume is 1000mL, keeping the pH value at 7.0, and sterilizing the mixture for 21 minutes by high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
MRS culture medium: 10g of tryptone, 5g of beef extract powder, 4g of yeast extract powder, 20g of glucose, 801.08 g of tween-sodium, 2g of dipotassium phosphate, 5g of sodium acetate, 2g of triammonium citrate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4.7H2O), 0.05g of manganese sulfate (MnSO4.4H2O), 15g of agar, adding distilled water to 1000mL, adjusting the final pH to 6.2 +/-0.2, and sterilizing for 15 minutes by high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
② activation and purification of a single strain and liquid shake culture:
activation and culture of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae)
Inoculating Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) to PDA culture medium, placing in 28 deg.C incubator, and culturing until mycelium is rich or spore is produced; selecting mycelium or spore of fungus, inoculating to prepared fungus liquid culture medium, and performing liquid shake culture at 28 deg.C and 200 rpm;
activation and culture of bacillus subtilis
Inoculating bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium for streak culture, and culturing in a constant temperature incubator at 30 ℃ for 24-48 hours until a single colony is generated; selecting a single colony of the medium bacteria, inoculating the single colony of the medium bacteria into a prepared bacteria liquid culture medium, and carrying out liquid shaking culture at the culture temperature of 30 ℃ and the shaking culture rotating speed of 200 rpm;
activation and culture of Lactobacillus plantarum
Inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) in MRS liquid culture medium, culturing at 37 deg.C for 15-20 hr, and subculturing for 2-3 times to obtain activated strain; inoculating the activated strain in MRS liquid culture medium, and culturing at 37 deg.C for 12-15 hr; the shaking table culture rotating speed is 200 rpm;
③ mixing of composite fermentation bacteria
The weight ratio of the single strains of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and Lactobacillus plantarum prepared by the method is 3-5: mixing at a ratio of 4-6: 2-4, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite fermentation microbial inoculum;
(4) main fermentation: adding 1 kg of compound fermentation inoculum into each 10 tons of raw material mixture for preparation, controlling the water content to be 52-65%, and fermenting;
(5) turning over, namely, piling the mixture on flat ground for fermentation, and piling the mixture into long stacks with the width of 2 meters and the height of 1.5 meters, wherein the length of the stacks is 10-50 meters; after fermenting for 5-7 days, mechanically turning over the piles once every 2-4 days to provide oxygen, dissipate heat and make the materials ferment evenly, if the materials are over-dried during fermentation, spraying water during turning over the piles in time to ensure smooth fermentation, and thus achieving complete maturity through fermentation for 25-40 days;
(6) after-ripening fermentation: in the fermentation process, the compost temperature rises to above 60 ℃, the pile turning is started after the compost temperature is kept for 48 hours, when the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, the pile turning is immediately carried out, the pile turning is uniform and thorough, the low-layer materials are turned into the middle upper part of the pile as much as possible so as to be thoroughly decomposed, and the pile turning frequency is determined according to the rotten degree of the materials; the compost is maintained at the high temperature of 45-65 ℃ for 10 days, and pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs, grass seeds and the like can be killed;
(7) preparation of functional microbial inoculum
Culture medium: the culture medium comprises 21.57g of lactose; 2.6g of compound nitrogen source, wherein the compound nitrogen source contains peptone and ammonium sulfate, and the mass ratio of the peptone to the ammonium sulfate is 1: 3; 0.21g of manganese sulfate; dipotassium phosphate 1.5 g; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 1.2 g; adding deionized water to reach a constant volume of 1000mL, enabling the pH value to be 7.0, and sterilizing for 21 minutes by using high-pressure steam (121 ℃);
inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov) seeds into the culture medium, performing shake culture at 30 ℃ and 170r/min for 24h, transferring the Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) seeds into a new culture medium at 5% (v/v) with the inoculum size of 30 ℃ and 170r/min for 12h until logarithmic phase to obtain seed liquid;
(8) adding a functional microbial inoculum:
after fermentation is completed, adding a functional microbial inoculum when the temperature is reduced, wherein the functional microbial inoculum is added according to the proportion of adding 2 kilograms of organic fertilizer per 1 ton;
(9) adding quicklime:
after the temperature is reduced and stabilized, adding quicklime according to the proportion of adding 10-50 kg of quicklime into each 1 ton of organic fertilizer;
(10) the organic matter of the prepared organic fertilizer reaches 50-70 percent, N, P, K total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent, the faecal coliform number is negative, the death rate of ascarid eggs is 100 percent, and the content of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
2. The application of the disease-resistant, insect-resistant and yield-increasing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and a base fertilizer for hole application, and promotes the application of potatoes, hot peppers, leaf lettuce, tomatoes, summer yellow and white, apples, grapes and strawberries in the aspects of disease resistance and yield increase.
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