CN112047766A - Production method of special selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruits and vegetables - Google Patents
Production method of special selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruits and vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN112047766A CN112047766A CN202010855743.2A CN202010855743A CN112047766A CN 112047766 A CN112047766 A CN 112047766A CN 202010855743 A CN202010855743 A CN 202010855743A CN 112047766 A CN112047766 A CN 112047766A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables, and relates to the field of organic fertilizers. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for the fruits and the vegetables comprises the steps of selection of fermentation materials, planting of selenium-rich plants, crushing of the fermentation materials, stacking fermentation, high-temperature sterilization, secondary fermentation and packaging. Selenium in soil is gathered on plants by planting selenium-rich plants, and then the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is prepared in a fermentation mode, so that the cost is low, and meanwhile, flora beneficial to vegetable production is inoculated in secondary fermentation through secondary fermentation, so that the produced organic fertilizer is a microbial organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables.
Background
Carbonaceous materials, mainly of plant and/or animal origin, which are applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition as their primary function. Is prepared from biological substances, animal and plant wastes and plant residues, eliminates toxic and harmful substances in the biological substances, and is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, including: various organic acids, peptides and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The fertilizer not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promote microbial propagation, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil, and is a main nutrient for green food production.
The raw materials of selenium-rich plants required in the production of the existing selenium-rich organic fertilizer are difficult, and the production cost is high by adopting poultry eggs as the source of selenium. Meanwhile, after the production of the existing organic fertilizer is finished, strains in the organic fertilizer are complex, and bacteria, viruses and the like which are unfavorable for the growth of vegetables exist, so that the growth of the vegetables is not favorable
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables, and solves the problems of a selenium source produced by the existing selenium-rich organic fertilizer and complex floras in the organic fertilizer.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables comprises the following steps:
sp 1: selection of fermentation Material
Selecting selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal manure as raw materials for organic fertilizer fermentation, wherein the selenium-rich plants are fresh plants and rich in water, the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 10 parts, 2 parts and 2 parts, and the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 1 part, 2 parts and 2 parts if the selenium-rich plants have no water;
sp 2: selenium-rich plant planting
Spreading seeds of the selenium-rich plants on a planting field to ensure the normal growth of the selenium-rich plants;
sp3 fermentation Material disruption
Crushing selenium-rich plants and plant straws, and controlling the length of each straw to be less than 1 cm;
sp 4: heap fermentation
Fully stirring the crushed selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal wastes, stacking, spraying water on the stacked materials, wetting the fermented product, watering once a day for 2-3 days, inoculating zymophyte, fully mixing the fermented product and the fermentation, and turning the fermented product once every 5-8 days to uniformly mix the fermented product and the strain;
sp 5: high temperature sterilization
After fermentation, placing the fermentation product in a high-temperature container for high-temperature sterilization treatment at 150 ℃, under 1.5-2 atm for 30-60 min to obtain a material;
sp 6: secondary fermentation
After natural cooling, placing the materials in a sealed container for fermentation again for 2-3 days, and continuously stirring in the fermentation process to fully mix the flora and the materials;
sp 7: package (I)
And after the secondary fermentation is finished, drying and dehydrating the materials, and packaging the materials by adopting a sealed packaging bag.
Preferably, the selenium-rich plant is one or more of cardamine hupingshanensis, alfalfa and sweet wormwood, and the alfalfa is preferably used.
Preferably, the plant straw is rice straw or wheat straw, preferably straw obtained after grain harvesting.
Preferably, the animal manure is preferably produced by an avian animal.
Preferably, the species of the flora adopted by the first fermentation are bacillus, cellulose bacteria, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the stacking fermentation is an isosceles triangle, the height of the isosceles triangle is 1.2-1.5 m, the bottom of the isosceles triangle is 2m, and a sunshade net needs to be erected in the stacking fermentation.
Preferably, the species of the flora adopted by the second fermentation are bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the temperature for drying and dehydrating is 60 ℃, and the pressure is 0.6-0.8 atm.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables. The method has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the selenium-enriched plant is planted, the selenium in the soil is gathered in the plant, and the plant is used as a raw material for producing the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, so that the problem of a selenium source in the production of the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer is solved.
2. According to the invention, high-temperature inactivation treatment is adopted, so that the florae in the organic fertilizer are killed as much as possible, and then secondary inoculation fermentation is carried out, so that the produced selenium-enriched organic fertilizer has florae beneficial to the growth of vegetables.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
sp 1: selection of fermentation Material
Selecting selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal manure as raw materials for organic fertilizer fermentation, wherein the selenium-rich plants are fresh plants and rich in water, the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 10 parts, 2 parts and 2 parts, and the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 1 part, 2 parts and 2 parts if the selenium-rich plants have no water;
sp 2: selenium-rich plant planting
The seeds of the selenium-rich plants are scattered on the planting field, so that the selenium-rich plants can grow normally, and the selenium-rich plants absorb and gather selenium in the field onto the plants;
sp3 fermentation Material disruption
Crushing selenium-rich plants and plant straws, and controlling the length of each straw to be less than 1 cm;
sp 4: heap fermentation
Fully stirring the crushed selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal wastes, stacking, spraying water on the stacked materials, providing fermentation conditions, wetting the fermentation product, watering once a day for 2 days, inoculating zymophyte, fully mixing the fermentation product and the fermentation, and turning the fermentation product once every 5 days to uniformly mix the fermentation product and the strain;
sp 5: high temperature sterilization
After fermentation, placing the fermented product in a high-temperature container for high-temperature sterilization treatment at 150 deg.C under 1.5 atm for 40min to obtain a material, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment to kill and inactivate fungi, viruses and pests in the fermented product as much as possible;
sp 6: secondary fermentation
After natural cooling, placing the materials in a sealed container for fermentation again for 2-3 days, and continuously stirring in the fermentation process to fully mix flora and the materials, so as to inoculate bacteria beneficial to vegetable growth, and promote the growth of vegetables along with the application of organic fertilizer;
sp 7: package (I)
After the secondary fermentation is finished, the materials are dried and dehydrated, sealed packaging bags are adopted for packaging, and the pollution to organic fertilizers caused by the entering of mixed bacteria is avoided by adopting the sealed packaging.
The selenium-rich plants are one or more of cardamine hupingshanensis, alfalfa and sweet wormwood, the cardamine hupingshanensis, the alfalfa and the sweet wormwood have the function of enriching selenium in soil, the alfalfa is preferably used, the alfalfa can also be used as the feed for herbivores, when sufficient alfalfa is available, the redundant alfalfa can be used as the feed for animals, and the additional value in the production process of the organic fertilizer can be improved.
The plant straw is rice straw and wheat straw, preferably straw obtained after grain harvest.
The animal manure is preferably produced by an avian animal.
The species of the flora adopted in the first fermentation are bacillus, cellulose bacteria, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
The cross-sectional shape of piling up the fermentation is isosceles triangle, and the isosceles triangle height is 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and the end is 2m, pile up and need set up the sunshade net in the fermentation, provide better fermentation environment.
The species of the flora adopted in the second fermentation are bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
The temperature for drying and dehydration was 60 ℃ and the pressure was 0.7 atm.
Example two:
the embodiment of the invention provides a production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
sp 1: selection of fermentation Material
Selecting selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal manure as raw materials for organic fertilizer fermentation, wherein the selenium-rich plants are fresh plants and rich in water, the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 10 parts, 2 parts and 2 parts, and the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 1 part, 2 parts and 2 parts if the selenium-rich plants have no water;
sp 2: selenium-rich plant planting
The seeds of the selenium-rich plants are scattered on the planting field, so that the selenium-rich plants can grow normally, and the selenium-rich plants absorb and gather selenium in the field onto the plants;
sp3 fermentation Material disruption
Crushing selenium-rich plants and plant straws, and controlling the length of each straw to be less than 1 cm;
sp 4: heap fermentation
Fully stirring the crushed selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal wastes, stacking, spraying water on the stacked materials, providing fermentation conditions, wetting the fermentation product, watering once a day for 2-3 days, inoculating zymophyte, fully mixing the fermentation product and the fermentation, and turning the fermentation product once every 5-8 days to uniformly mix the fermentation product and the strain;
sp 5: high temperature sterilization
After fermentation, placing the fermented product in a high-temperature container for high-temperature sterilization treatment at 150 deg.C under 2 atm for 60min to obtain a material, and performing high-temperature sterilization treatment to kill and inactivate fungi, viruses and pests in the fermented product as much as possible;
sp 6: secondary fermentation
After natural cooling, placing the materials in a sealed container for fermentation again for 2-3 days, and continuously stirring in the fermentation process to fully mix flora and the materials, so as to inoculate bacteria beneficial to vegetable growth, and promote the growth of vegetables along with the application of organic fertilizer;
sp 7: package (I)
After the secondary fermentation is finished, the materials are dried and dehydrated, sealed packaging bags are adopted for packaging, and the pollution to organic fertilizers caused by the entering of mixed bacteria is avoided by adopting the sealed packaging.
The selenium-rich plants are one or more of cardamine hupingshanensis, alfalfa and sweet wormwood, the cardamine hupingshanensis, the alfalfa and the sweet wormwood have the function of enriching selenium in soil, the alfalfa is preferably used, the alfalfa can also be used as the feed for herbivores, when sufficient alfalfa is available, the redundant alfalfa can be used as the feed for animals, and the additional value in the production process of the organic fertilizer can be improved.
The plant straw is rice straw and wheat straw, preferably straw obtained after grain harvest.
The animal manure is preferably produced by an avian animal.
The species of the flora adopted in the first fermentation are bacillus, cellulose bacteria, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
The cross-sectional shape of piling up the fermentation is isosceles triangle, and the isosceles triangle height is 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and the end is 2m, pile up and need set up the sunshade net in the fermentation, provide better fermentation environment.
The species of the flora adopted in the second fermentation are bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
The temperature for drying and dehydration was 60 ℃ and the pressure was 0.8 atm.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A production method of a selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sp 1: selection of fermentation Material
Selecting selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal manure as raw materials for organic fertilizer fermentation, wherein the selenium-rich plants are fresh plants and rich in water, the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 10 parts, 2 parts and 2 parts, and the weight of the selenium-rich plants, the weight of the plant straws and the weight of the animal manure are respectively 1 part, 2 parts and 2 parts if the selenium-rich plants have no water;
sp 2: selenium-rich plant planting
Spreading seeds of the selenium-rich plants on a planting field to ensure the normal growth of the selenium-rich plants;
sp3 fermentation Material disruption
Crushing selenium-rich plants and plant straws, and controlling the length of each straw to be less than 1 cm;
sp 4: heap fermentation
Fully stirring the crushed selenium-rich plants, plant straws and animal wastes, stacking, spraying water on the stacked materials, wetting the fermented product, watering once a day for 2-3 days, inoculating zymophyte, fully mixing the fermented product and the fermentation, and turning the fermented product once every 5-8 days to uniformly mix the fermented product and the strain;
sp 5: high temperature sterilization
After fermentation, placing the fermentation product in a high-temperature container for high-temperature sterilization treatment at 150 ℃, under 1.5-2 atm for 30-60 min to obtain a material;
sp 6: secondary fermentation
After natural cooling, placing the materials in a sealed container for fermentation again for 2-3 days, and continuously stirring in the fermentation process to fully mix the flora and the materials;
sp 7: package (I)
And after the secondary fermentation is finished, drying and dehydrating the materials, and packaging the materials by adopting a sealed packaging bag.
2. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the selenium-rich plant is one or more of cardamine hupingshanensis, alfalfa and sweet wormwood, preferably alfalfa.
3. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the plant straw is rice straw and wheat straw, preferably straw obtained after grain harvesting.
4. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the animal manure is preferably produced by an avian animal.
5. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the species of the flora adopted by the first fermentation are bacillus, cellulose bacteria, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
6. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the cross-sectional shape of piling up the fermentation is isosceles triangle, and isosceles triangle height is 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and the end is 2m, pile up and need set up the sunshade net in the fermentation.
7. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the species of the flora adopted by the second fermentation are bacillus, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
8. The production method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer special for fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the drying and dehydrating temperature is 60 ℃, and the pressure is 0.6-0.8 atm.
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| CN202010855743.2A CN112047766A (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-25 | Production method of special selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruits and vegetables |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112939669A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-11 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Special organic fertilizer for selenium-rich vegetables and preparation method thereof |
| CN113149725A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-23 | 广西惠兴农牧科技有限公司 | Re-fermented selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN113860963A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-31 | 湖北国硒科技发展有限公司 | Organic selenium-rich nutrient solution and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112939669A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-11 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Special organic fertilizer for selenium-rich vegetables and preparation method thereof |
| CN113149725A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-23 | 广西惠兴农牧科技有限公司 | Re-fermented selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer and production method thereof |
| CN113860963A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-31 | 湖北国硒科技发展有限公司 | Organic selenium-rich nutrient solution and preparation method and application thereof |
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