CN107041287A - The method of tomato soilless culture - Google Patents
The method of tomato soilless culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN107041287A CN107041287A CN201710276663.XA CN201710276663A CN107041287A CN 107041287 A CN107041287 A CN 107041287A CN 201710276663 A CN201710276663 A CN 201710276663A CN 107041287 A CN107041287 A CN 107041287A
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- water soluble
- soluble fertilizer
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000026010 Dendrobium candidum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000737241 Cocos Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 dibbling earthing Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 abstract 1
- PZZHMLOHNYWKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N eddha Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(C(=O)O)NCCNC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O PZZHMLOHNYWKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- IPCXNCATNBAPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Zn] IPCXNCATNBAPKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006694 eating habits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of tomato soilless culture, belong to cultivation technique without soil field.The method of the tomato soilless culture of the present invention comprises the following steps：Substrate preparation, Water soluble fertilizer is prepared, plastic greenhouse device configuration, balance dress soil, dibbling earthing, water germination, field planting prepares, field planting, field planting management and harvesting, matrix includes coconut palm chaff, powder of straw, turf, vermiculite, mushroom slag, wood chip, expanded perlite and dendrobium candidum, the Water soluble fertilizer includes the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution, first nutrient solution includes calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, EDDHA FE 6, manganese sulfate, copper sulphate, ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate and water, second nutrient solution is microelement nutritious liquid.Rationally using space is planted in the method environmental protection of the tomato soilless culture of the present invention, planting process, matrix and nutrient solution are nutritious, and tomato Nonpoisonous, non-environmental-pollution, suitable large-scale promotion is used.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivation technique without soil field, and in particular to a kind of method of tomato soilless culture.
Background technology
With science and technology fast development, what is brought therewith is exactly the destruction to environment, cause many crops by
To pollution, trace to its source, otherwise environment is protected not by too big pollution, can not contaminated kind or will find out again
Plant method, thus, cultivation technique without soil are also just arisen at the historic moment.
Traditional tomato is during plantation, and due to planting year after year, continuous cropping obstacle is especially big, causes occur many diseases
Evil, has to spray substantial amounts of agricultural chemicals for preventing and treating pest and disease damage；Further, since chemistry fertilizer is used for a long time in traditional tomato planting method
Material, makes the reasons such as the plot of plantation tomato is hardened, fertility declines cause the yield of tomato seriously to glide, more seriously because
The quality of tomato is set to have not a particle of guarantee using substantial amounts of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals.Meanwhile, traditional tomato production its in production
Also have during management the big cumbersome, amount of labour used, low production efficiency, cost it is high, it is of poor benefits the features such as.
Because of cultivation technique without soil, the eating habit of people also there occurs snafu change, and people at any time may be used
To have the food for wanting to eat, and requirement to food also more and more higher, and the implantation methods of traditional cultivation technique without soil are
Through the requirement that can not meet people.
The Chinese patent of Application No. 201610611067.8, discloses a kind of implantation methods without native tomato,：Including with
Lower step：A, seed processing：Seed is soaked with formalin, takes out and dries after immersion, then decoction is cleaned with clear water；B, urge
Bud：Equably it is laid on the gauze totally moistened, upper one layer of wet gauze of lid is put into insulating box, is kept for 25-30 DEG C；C, broadcast
Kind：Substrate temperature is maintained at 25-26 DEG C, and tomato seeds soak 2 days water planting 20-25 days, the height of tomato seedling in husky base afterwards
Reach that 8cm height can be colonized；D, field planting feed flow：E, tomato growth period management.The seed soaked by formalin, rich in having
Noxious material, this tomato for grow afterwards has certain harm, if after people is edible, its consequence is then hardly imaginable；Its
In seeding process, tomato seedling is pressed into spacing in the rows 60cm, line-spacing 30cm specification is planted in cultivation bed, 1800 plants every mu, this
Arrangement mode wastes plantation space significantly, and per mu yield is not high, moreover, the composition of its undisclosed matrix and liquid manure nutrient solution, nothing
Method confirms whether it there is high yield to have the effect for shortening the growth and maturity cycle, meanwhile, during tomato growth period management, spray
The agricultural chemicals spilt twice carries out pest control, and the current theory without environment-friendly pesticide green plants is disagreed, and is not suitable for a wide range of
Promote.
In order to meet the demand of people, promote the progress of cultivation technique without soil there is provided a kind of implantation methods of environmental protection,
Rationally implemented in planting process using nutritious, the tomato Nonpoisonous, non-environmental-pollution of output for planting space, matrix and nutrient solution
Journey is easy, and suitable large-scale promotion is used.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided a kind of tomato soilless culture method of environmental protection,
Rationally implemented in planting process using nutritious, the tomato Nonpoisonous, non-environmental-pollution of output for planting space, matrix and nutrient solution
Journey is easy, and suitable large-scale promotion is used.
The present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
The method of tomato soilless culture comprises the following steps：
Step 1: substrate preparation：
Matrix includes the following component according to mass fraction meter：20~30 parts of coconut palm chaff, 15~25 parts of powder of straw, turf 18~
25 parts, 22~27 parts of vermiculite, 30~35 parts of mushroom slag, 20~24 parts of wood chip, 30~40 parts of expanded perlite, dendrobium candidum 20~25
Part, wherein, above-mentioned component is uniformly mixed, matrix is obtained；
Step 2: Water soluble fertilizer is prepared：
The Water soluble fertilizer includes the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution, and first nutrient solution is included according to mass fraction meter
Following component：1.5~2.1 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.1~1.3 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.2~0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3~
0.5 part, 0.2~0.4 part of potassium sulfate, 0.8~1.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1~0.15 part of EDDHA-FE-6, manganese sulfate 4.0~4.5
Part, 0.1~0.2 part of copper sulphate, 0.03~0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 5.0~6.0 parts of borax, 0.4~0.5 part of zinc sulfate, water 100
~120 parts, above-mentioned component is well mixed, obtains the ratio of the first nutrient solution, second nutrient solution and first nutrient solution
For 3~7:100, second nutrient solution is microelement nutritious liquid, the first nutrient solution and the complementation mixing of the second nutrient solution；
Step 3: plastic greenhouse device configuration：
Methane-generating pit is configured in greenhouse, the excrement of livestock is handled by the principle of methane-generating pit, biogas, biogas slurry, natural pond is produced
Slag, is heated for plastic greenhouse using biogas, adds lustre to, supplements carbon dioxide；
Step 4: balance dress soil：
By hole tray marshalling, nursery soil is loaded into hole tray and struck off, seed tray must be treated；
Step 5: dibbling earthing：
The good tomato seeds of well-chosen are treated on seed tray as gained in step one, nursery soil is then poured into again and is scraped
It is flat, seed tray is obtained, wherein, each hole tray hole tray puts one；
Step 6: germination of watering：
Seed tray obtained by step 4 is watered for several times, and carries out close plastic shed germination, tomato seedling basin is obtained；
Step 7: field planting prepares：
Gained matrix in step one is watered after bubbling open, as in bag containing soilless substrate, bag containing soilless substrate is uniform according to 40 × 30cm spacing
Arrangement, loads onto drip irrigation equipment, and gained Water soluble fertilizer in step 2 is adjusted to EC1.8~2.1, Water soluble fertilizer is dripped by drip irrigation equipment
Matrix is added to, wherein, it is 2~4 times that number of times, which is added dropwise, every time 18~24min, until bag containing soilless substrate is all drenched and flows out the EC of water
Reach 1.8~2.1；
Step 8: field planting：
Tomato seedling in tomato seedling disk obtained by step 6 is transplanted in step 6 in gained bag containing soilless substrate, and pours and determines root
Water, wherein, temperature is 18~25 DEG C, and humidity is 70~80%；
Step 9: field planting management：
Daily toward dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer in bag containing soilless substrate, matrix is added dropwise to full of water, adjusts EC to 1.4~1.6, tomato children
Seedling is grown after 8~9 true leaves, it is carried out hang climing, carries out dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer daily afterwards so that EC is maintained at 1.5~2.0,
After climing stabilization is hung, EC is adjusted to 2.0~2.5, then carries out tying up climing, removes lateral bud, and temperature is 15~39 DEG C, and humidity is 75~
95%；
Step 10: harvesting：
After after Fruit Ripening of Tomato, you can harvested, tomato is obtained.
Further, matrix includes the following component according to mass fraction meter：25 parts of coconut palm chaff, 20 parts of powder of straw, turf 22
Part, 24 parts of vermiculite, 33 parts of mushroom slag, 22 parts of wood chip, 35 parts of expanded perlite, 23 parts of dendrobium candidum.
Further, first nutrient solution includes the following component according to mass fraction meter：1.88 parts of calcium nitrate, nitric acid
1.21 parts of potassium, 0.26 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.4 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.34 part of potassium sulfate, 0.98 part of magnesium sulfate, EDDHA-FE-6
0.12 part, 4.26 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.04 part of ammonium molybdate, 5.72 parts of borax, 0.44 part of zinc sulfate, 110 parts of water, second nutrition
The ratio of liquid and first nutrient solution is 5:100.
Further, after tomato seedling grows true leaf, spraying fungicide is carried out.
Further, gained Water soluble fertilizer in step 2 is adjusted to EC2.0 described in step 7, the dropwise addition number of times is 3
Secondary, each 20min, EC reaches 2.0.
Further, temperature described in step eightfold is 20 DEG C, and the humidity is 75%.
Further, matrix is added dropwise to full of water, is adjusted daily toward dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer in bag containing soilless substrate described in step 9
EC to 1.5 is saved, tomato seedling grown after 8 true leaves, it is carried out hang climing, carry out dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer daily afterwards so that EC is protected
Hold 1.8, after climing stabilization is hung, EC is adjusted to 2.3, is then carried out tying up climing, is removed lateral bud, temperature is 28 DEG C, and humidity is 90%.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is the present invention：
Firstth, the component of matrix and Water soluble fertilizer enriches, and has trace element in Water soluble fertilizer, two kinds nutritious, to kind
Required nutrition is provided and ensured eggplant in the course of cultivation；
Secondth, in the course of cultivation, operating process is smooth, and the equipment used is readily available, easy large-scale promotion；
3rd, cultivation period is short, and greenhouse internal environment is controllable, effectively prevents insect pest, and per mu yield is high, effectively saves manpower thing
Power and financial resources.
Embodiment
Reagent used in the present invention is existing commercially available product unless otherwise noted, wherein：
Second nutrient solution is that microelement nutritious liquid is sought for the rare earth of purchase to Yangling Shaanxi Ao Bang Biology Science Co., Ltd
Nutrient solution.
Embodiment 1
The method of the tomato soilless culture of the present invention comprises the following steps：
Step 1: substrate preparation：
Matrix includes the following component according to mass fraction meter：20 parts of coconut palm chaff, 15 parts of powder of straw, 18 parts of turf, vermiculite 22
Part, 30 parts of mushroom slag, 20 parts of wood chip, 30 parts of expanded perlite, 20 parts of dendrobium candidum, wherein, above-mentioned component is uniformly mixed, base is obtained
Matter；
Step 2: Water soluble fertilizer is prepared：
The Water soluble fertilizer includes the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution, and first nutrient solution is included according to mass fraction meter
Following component：1.5 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.1 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.2 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.3 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of potassium sulfate, sulphur
Sour 0.8 part of magnesium, 0.1 part of EDDHA-FE-6,4.0 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.1 part of copper sulphate, 0.03 part of ammonium molybdate, 5.0 parts of borax, sulphur
Above-mentioned component is well mixed by sour 0.4 part of zinc, 100 parts of water, obtains the first nutrient solution, second nutrient solution and first battalion
The ratio of nutrient solution is 3:100, second nutrient solution is microelement nutritious liquid, and the first nutrient solution and the complementation of the second nutrient solution are mixed
Close；
Step 3: plastic greenhouse device configuration：
Methane-generating pit is configured in greenhouse, the excrement of livestock is handled by the principle of methane-generating pit, biogas, biogas slurry, natural pond is produced
Slag, is heated for plastic greenhouse using biogas, adds lustre to, supplements carbon dioxide；
Step 4: balance dress soil：
By hole tray marshalling, nursery soil is loaded into hole tray and struck off, seed tray must be treated；
Step 5: dibbling earthing：
The good tomato seeds of well-chosen are treated on seed tray as gained in step one, nursery soil is then poured into again and is scraped
It is flat, seed tray is obtained, wherein, each hole tray hole tray puts one；
Step 6: germination of watering：
Seed tray obtained by step 4 is watered for several times, and carries out close plastic shed germination, tomato seedling basin is obtained；
Step 7: field planting prepares：
Gained matrix in step one is watered after bubbling open, as in bag containing soilless substrate, bag containing soilless substrate is uniform according to 40 × 30cm spacing
Arrangement, loads onto drip irrigation equipment, is 1.8 by gained Water soluble fertilizer is adjusted to EC in step 2, Water soluble fertilizer is added dropwise by drip irrigation equipment
To matrix, wherein, it is 2 times that number of times, which is added dropwise, each 18min, is 1.8 until bag containing soilless substrate is all drenched and flows out the EC of water；
Step 8: field planting：
Tomato seedling in tomato seedling disk obtained by step 6 is transplanted in step 6 in gained bag containing soilless substrate, and pours and determines root
Water, wherein, temperature is 18 DEG C, and humidity is 70%；
Step 9: field planting management：
Daily toward dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer in bag containing soilless substrate, matrix is added dropwise to full of water, EC to 1.4 is adjusted, tomato seedling is long
Go out after 8 true leaves, it carried out hang climing, carry out dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer daily afterwards so that EC is maintained at 1.5, after climing stabilization is hung,
EC is adjusted to 2.0, is then carried out tying up climing, is removed lateral bud, temperature is 15 DEG C, and humidity is 75%；
Step 10: harvesting：
After after Fruit Ripening of Tomato, you can harvested, tomato is obtained.
Embodiment 2
The method of tomato soilless culture, comprises the following steps：
Step 1: substrate preparation：
Matrix includes the following component according to mass fraction meter：25 parts of coconut palm chaff, 20 parts of powder of straw, 22 parts of turf, vermiculite 24
Part, 33 parts of mushroom slag, 22 parts of wood chip, 35 parts of expanded perlite, 23 parts of dendrobium candidum, wherein, above-mentioned component is uniformly mixed, base is obtained
Matter；
Step 2: Water soluble fertilizer is prepared：
The Water soluble fertilizer includes the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution, and first nutrient solution is included according to mass fraction meter
Following component：1.88 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.21 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.26 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.4 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate 0.34
Part, 0.98 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.12 part of EDDHA-FE-6,4.26 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.04 part of ammonium molybdate, 5.72 parts of borax, zinc sulfate
0.44 part, above-mentioned raw materials component is well mixed by 110 parts of water, obtains the first nutrient solution, second nutrient solution and first battalion
The ratio of nutrient solution is 5:100, second nutrient solution is microelement nutritious liquid, and the first nutrient solution and the complementation of the second nutrient solution are mixed
Close；
Step 3: plastic greenhouse device configuration：
Methane-generating pit is configured in greenhouse, the excrement of livestock is handled by the principle of methane-generating pit, biogas, biogas slurry, natural pond is produced
Slag, is heated for plastic greenhouse using biogas, adds lustre to, supplements carbon dioxide；
Step 4: balance dress soil：
By hole tray marshalling, nursery soil is loaded into hole tray and struck off, seed tray must be treated；
Step 5: dibbling earthing：
The good tomato seeds of well-chosen are treated on seed tray as gained in step one, nursery soil is then poured into again and is scraped
It is flat, seed tray is obtained, wherein, each hole tray hole tray puts one；
Step 6: germination of watering：
Seed tray obtained by step 4 is watered for several times, and carries out close plastic shed germination, tomato seedling basin is obtained；
Step 7: field planting prepares：
Gained matrix in step one is watered after bubbling open, as in bag containing soilless substrate, bag containing soilless substrate is uniform according to 40 × 30cm spacing
Arrangement, loads onto drip irrigation equipment, and gained Water soluble fertilizer in step 2 is adjusted into EC to 2.0, Water soluble fertilizer is added dropwise to by drip irrigation equipment
Matrix, wherein, it is 3 times that number of times, which is added dropwise, each 20min, and 2.0 are reached until bag containing soilless substrate is all drenched and flows out the EC of water；
Step 8: field planting：
Tomato seedling in tomato seedling disk obtained by step 6 is transplanted in step 6 in gained bag containing soilless substrate, and pours and determines root
Water, wherein, temperature is 20 DEG C, and humidity is 75%；
Step 9: field planting management：
Daily toward dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer in bag containing soilless substrate, matrix is added dropwise to full of water, EC to 1.5 is adjusted, tomato seedling is long
Go out after 8 true leaves, it carried out hang climing, carry out dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer daily afterwards so that EC is maintained at 1.8, after climing stabilization is hung,
EC is adjusted to 2.3, is then carried out tying up climing, is removed lateral bud, temperature is 28 DEG C, and humidity is 90%；
Step 10: harvesting：
After after Fruit Ripening of Tomato, you can harvested, tomato is obtained.
Embodiment 3
The method of tomato soilless culture comprises the following steps：
Step 1: substrate preparation：
Matrix includes the following component according to mass fraction meter：30 parts of coconut palm chaff, 25 parts of powder of straw, 25 parts of turf, vermiculite 27
Part, 35 parts of mushroom slag, 24 parts of wood chip, 40 parts of expanded perlite, 25 parts of dendrobium candidum, wherein, above-mentioned component is uniformly mixed, base is obtained
Matter；
Step 2: Water soluble fertilizer is prepared：
The Water soluble fertilizer includes the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution, and first nutrient solution is included according to mass fraction meter
Following component：2.1 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.3 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 part of potassium sulfate, sulphur
Sour 1.1 parts of magnesium, 0.15 part of EDDHA-FE-6,4.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.2 part of copper sulphate, 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 6.0 parts of borax, sulphur
Above-mentioned raw materials component is well mixed by sour 0.5 part of zinc, 120 parts of water, obtains the first nutrient solution, second nutrient solution and described
The ratio of one nutrient solution is 7:100, second nutrient solution is microelement nutritious liquid, and the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution are mutual
Mend mixing；
Step 3: plastic greenhouse device configuration：
Methane-generating pit is configured in greenhouse, the excrement of livestock is handled by the principle of methane-generating pit, biogas, biogas slurry, natural pond is produced
Slag, is heated for plastic greenhouse using biogas, adds lustre to, supplements carbon dioxide；
Step 4: balance dress soil：
By hole tray marshalling, nursery soil is loaded into hole tray and struck off, seed tray must be treated；
Step 5: dibbling earthing：
The good tomato seeds of well-chosen are treated on seed tray as gained in step one, nursery soil is then poured into again and is scraped
It is flat, seed tray is obtained, wherein, each hole tray hole tray puts one；
Step 6: germination of watering：
Seed tray obtained by step 4 is watered for several times, and carries out close plastic shed germination, tomato seedling basin is obtained；
Step 7: field planting prepares：
Gained matrix in step one is watered after bubbling open, as in bag containing soilless substrate, bag containing soilless substrate is uniform according to 40 × 30cm spacing
Arrangement, loads onto drip irrigation equipment, and gained Water soluble fertilizer in step 2 is adjusted to EC2.1, Water soluble fertilizer is added dropwise to by drip irrigation equipment
Matrix, wherein, it is 4 times that number of times, which is added dropwise, each 24min, and 2.1 are reached until bag containing soilless substrate is all drenched and flows out the EC of water；
Step 8: field planting：
Tomato seedling in tomato seedling disk obtained by step 6 is transplanted in step 6 in gained bag containing soilless substrate, and pours and determines root
Water, wherein, temperature is 25 DEG C, and humidity is 80%；
Step 9: field planting management：
Daily toward dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer in bag containing soilless substrate, matrix is added dropwise to full of water, EC to 1.6 is adjusted, tomato seedling is long
Go out after 9 true leaves, it carried out hang climing, carry out dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer daily afterwards so that EC is maintained at 2.0, after climing stabilization is hung,
EC is adjusted to 2.5, is then carried out tying up climing, is removed lateral bud, temperature is 39 DEG C, and humidity is 95%；
Step 10: harvesting：
After after Fruit Ripening of Tomato, you can harvested, tomato is obtained.
The method achievement of the tomato soilless culture of embodiment 1 to embodiment 3 is detected, as a result such as table 1：
Table 1：
As seen from the above table, the tomato survival rate that the method for tomato soilless culture of the invention is planted out is high, and per mu yield is big, by
The influence of natural calamity is small, and planting environment is suitable, and nutritional ingredient is abundant, and absorptivity is high.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, above-described embodiment and explanation
Merely illustrating the principles of the invention described in book, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also have
Various changes and modifications, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention
By appended claims and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. the method for tomato soilless culture, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1: substrate preparation：
Matrix includes the following component according to mass fraction meter：20 ~ 30 parts of coconut palm chaff, 15~25 parts of powder of straw, 18 ~ 25 parts of turf,
22 ~ 27 parts of vermiculite, 30 ~ 35 parts of mushroom slag, 20 ~ 24 parts of wood chip, 30 ~ 40 parts of expanded perlite, 20 ~ 25 parts of dendrobium candidum, wherein, will
Above-mentioned component is uniformly mixed, and obtains matrix；
Step 2: Water soluble fertilizer is prepared：
The Water soluble fertilizer include the first nutrient solution and the second nutrient solution, first nutrient solution include according to mass fraction meter as
Lower component：1.5 ~ 2.1 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.1 ~ 1.3 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.2 ~ 0.3 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.3 ~ 0.5 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sulphur
Sour 0.2 ~ 0.4 part of potassium, 0.8 ~ 1.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 ~ 0.15 part of EDDHA-FE-6,4.0 ~ 4.5 parts of manganese sulfate, copper sulphate 0.1
~ 0.2 part, 0.03 ~ 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 5.0 ~ 6.0 parts of borax, 0.4 ~ 0.5 part of zinc sulfate, 100 ~ 120 parts of water, by above-mentioned original
Expect that component is well mixed, obtain the first nutrient solution, the ratio of second nutrient solution and first nutrient solution is 3 ~ 7:100, institute
The second nutrient solution is stated for microelement nutritious liquid, the first nutrient solution and the complementation mixing of the second nutrient solution；
Step 3: plastic greenhouse device configuration：
Methane-generating pit is configured in greenhouse, the excrement of livestock is handled by the principle of methane-generating pit, biogas, biogas slurry, biogas residue, profit is produced
It is that plastic greenhouse heats, adds lustre to, supplements carbon dioxide with biogas；
Step 4: balance dress soil：
By hole tray marshalling, nursery soil is loaded into hole tray and struck off, seed tray must be treated；
Step 5: dibbling earthing：
The good tomato seeds of well-chosen are treated on seed tray as gained in step 4, nursery soil is then poured into again and is struck off,
Seed tray is obtained, wherein, each hole tray hole tray puts one；
Step 6: germination of watering：
Seed tray obtained by step 4 is watered for several times, and carries out close plastic shed germination, tomato seedling basin is obtained；
Step 7: field planting prepares：
Gained matrix in step one is watered after bubbling open, as in bag containing soilless substrate, bag containing soilless substrate is evenly distributed according to 40 × 30cm spacing,
Drip irrigation equipment is loaded onto, gained Water soluble fertilizer in step 2 is adjusted to EC1.8 ~ 2.1, Water soluble fertilizer is added dropwise to by base by drip irrigation equipment
Matter, wherein, it is 2 ~ 4 times that number of times, which is added dropwise, 18 ~ 24min every time, until bag containing soilless substrate all drench and flow out water EC reach 1.8 ~
2.1；
Step 8: field planting：
Tomato seedling in tomato seedling disk obtained by step 6 is transplanted in step 6 in gained bag containing soilless substrate, and pours root water,
Wherein, temperature is 18 ~ 25 DEG C, and humidity is 70 ~ 80%；
Step 9: field planting management：
Daily toward dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer in bag containing soilless substrate, matrix is added dropwise to full of water, EC to 1.4 ~ 1.6 is adjusted, tomato seedling is long
Go out after 8 ~ 9 true leaves, it is carried out hang climing, carry out dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer daily afterwards so that EC is maintained at 1.5 ~ 2.0, wait to hang climing
After stable, EC is adjusted to 2.0 ~ 2.5, then carries out tying up climing, removes lateral bud, and temperature is 15 ~ 35 DEG C, and humidity is 75 ~ 95%；
Step 10: harvesting：
After after Fruit Ripening of Tomato, you can harvested, tomato is obtained.
2. the method for tomato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that matrix is included according to mass fraction meter
Following component：25 parts of coconut palm chaff, 20 parts of powder of straw, 22 parts of turf, 24 parts of vermiculite, 33 parts of mushroom slag, 22 parts of wood chip, expanded perlite
35 parts, 23 parts of dendrobium candidum.
3. the method for tomato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first nutrient solution include according to
The following component of mass fraction meter：1.88 parts of calcium nitrate, 1.21 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.26 part of ammonium nitrate, 0.4 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.34 part of potassium sulfate, 0.98 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.12 part of EDDHA-FE-6,4.26 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.04 part of ammonium molybdate, borax
5.72 parts, 0.44 part of zinc sulfate, 110 parts of water, the ratio of second nutrient solution and first nutrient solution is 5:100.
4. the method for tomato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after tomato seedling grows true leaf,
Carry out spraying fungicide.
5. the method for tomato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by step 2 described in step 7
Gained Water soluble fertilizer is adjusted to EC2.0, and the dropwise addition number of times is 3 times, and each 20min, EC reaches 2.0.
6. the method for tomato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that temperature described in step eightfold is 20
DEG C, the humidity is 75%.
7. the method for tomato soilless culture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that daily toward matrix described in step 9
Water soluble fertilizer is added dropwise in bag, is added dropwise to matrix full of water, adjusts EC to 1.5, tomato seedling grows after 8 true leaves, it is entered
Row hang it is climing, afterwards daily carry out dropwise addition Water soluble fertilizer so that EC is maintained at 1.8, after climing stabilization is hung, and EC is adjusted to 2.3, Ran Houjin
Row ties up climing, removes lateral bud, and temperature is 28 DEG C, and humidity is 90%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107439351A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 江苏华益科技有限公司 | A kind of romaine lettuce of low deuterium-oxide water planting |
| CN107593403A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-19 | 佛山市三水区嘉信农业技术研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of implantation methods of Silicon-rich lettuce |
| CN108260508A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-10 | 马鞍山市全润农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method |
| CN108271673A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-13 | 深圳春沐源控股有限公司 | Tomato soilless culture method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN108285375A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-07-17 | 青岛海聚仿真软件技术有限公司 | A kind of Tomato water culture nutrient solution and its preparation method based on nutrient film techinique |
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| CN107593403A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-19 | 佛山市三水区嘉信农业技术研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of implantation methods of Silicon-rich lettuce |
| CN108285375A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-07-17 | 青岛海聚仿真软件技术有限公司 | A kind of Tomato water culture nutrient solution and its preparation method based on nutrient film techinique |
| CN108260508A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-10 | 马鞍山市全润农业科技有限公司 | A kind of tamato seed soilless culture method |
| CN108271673A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-13 | 深圳春沐源控股有限公司 | Tomato soilless culture method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN108719027A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-02 | 无锡佳培科技有限公司 | A kind of water culture method of tomato |
| CN109699480A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-03 | 孔艳娥 | A kind of simplified soilless culture method of heliogreenhouse cherry and tomato |
| CN110199851A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-09-06 | 潍坊市华以农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Brassica rapa L depth liquid stream water planting cultural method |
| CN110463593A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-19 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of application of efficient Water soluble fertilizer in potted tomato plantation |
| CN114916420A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-19 | 潘连生 | Method for producing green fruits and vegetables by combining biogas liquid and soilless culture |
| CN112723934A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-04-30 | 南京农业大学 | Special multi-growth-period all-element multi-channel water-soluble fertilizer for greenhouse tomatoes |
| CN113661879A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-19 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of fertilization method for improving the yield and quality of substrate cultivated tomato |
| CN116138134A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-05-23 | 北京林业大学 | Soil material culture medium, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116138134B (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-09-19 | 北京林业大学 | Soil material culture medium, preparation method and application thereof |
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