CN103621353A - Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103621353A CN103621353A CN201310600654.3A CN201310600654A CN103621353A CN 103621353 A CN103621353 A CN 103621353A CN 201310600654 A CN201310600654 A CN 201310600654A CN 103621353 A CN103621353 A CN 103621353A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling culture substrate and a preparation method of the seedling culture substrate. The seedling culture substrate comprises a substrate block (1) and a hole (4), wherein the substrate block (1) comprises garden waste compost products, vermiculite, perlite and water-retaining agents. According to any one of claim 1 to claim 8, the preparation method of the seedling culture substrate comprises the steps that garden waste is smashed to be of the length of 0.5-1cm, the C/N ratio is adjusted to be 25, and the water content is adjusted to range from 50% to 60%; organic material decomposition agents are added to the garden waste, the weight of the organic material decomposition agents accounts for 0.3% of the total weight of the garden waste, composting is carried out until decomposition is accomplished, and the garden waste compost products are obtained; the garden waste compost products, the vermiculite, the perlite and the water-retaining agents are mixed according to the volume proportion, and the pH is adjusted to range from 5.5 to 6.5; inner substrate blocks are obtained through direct block pressing production by using the mixture as raw materials, and outer substrate blocks can be obtained in a block pressing mode after slow release fertilizer and AM fungi are added in proportion. According to the seedling culture substrate and the preparation method of the seedling culture substrate, the sources of the adopted raw materials are wide, and the cost is low; plant nutrient supply is balanced; damage caused to root systems is avoided; nutrients are rich; the waste is recycled, and environment friendliness and energy saving are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, particularly a kind of seedling culturing substrate block.
Background technology
Afforestation discarded object refer in urban afforestation beautify the deadwood that produces in process, fallen leaves, grass bits, flower loses and other greening pruner things etc.The at present processing of garden waste be mainly adopt on the spot stack, the mode of landfill, land occupation resource not only, and may polluted underground water, affects to ecotope.Therefore, the recycling mode of exploration garden waste has become very urgent.
Traditional seedling medium, generally formulated with certain proportion with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite etc., (referring to a kind of organic seedling raising matrix, CN102986419A) peat composed of rotten mosses of one of raw material main component is non-renewable resources, excessively exploitation can destroy ecotope, and therefore finding new seedling medium raw material seems very urgent.In recent years, scientific worker had done a lot of research, such as using the alternative peats composed of rotten mosses such as the dregs of a decoction, bagasse, but because effect is remarkable or integrated cost is too high, never obtained pushing away an application.
The advantage of current common seedling culturing substrate block is that volume is little, lightweight, and operating procedure is simple, and seedling management link reduces, and nursery stage shortens, and breeding efficiency improves greatly.But also come with some shortcomings: during field planting, root system has been full of substrate block, carry out field planting operation and more or less can cause damage to root system, after field planting, single substrate block cannot be made corresponding adjustment to the variation of required nutrient after Seeding planting.
At present traditional fruit or the grow seedlings of vegetable of China is to adopt feeding block seedlings raising, but along with the development of seedling growing process, point disk seedling growing technology slowly starts to popularize.Point disk seedling growing method base starting material used be mainly the peat composed of rotten mosses, agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry etc. after becoming thoroughly decomposed, add a certain proportion of vermiculite, water-loss reducer etc. to make.Point disk seedling growing has many good qualities with respect to traditional seedlings and soil mode that has, and as scale breeding, saves space, and few with planting, growing way is consistent, and disease is few, and planting percent is high; Cycle is short, once-seedling forming, convenient transportation; Slow seedling is rapid, promotes precocious.But also there are some shortcomings in this method, such as needs are built greenhouse and purchase of equipment, input cost is high, matrix physicochemical character is required strict, water and fertilizer management is meticulous, and operating personnel need to possess certain specialty background and technical ability, need to control with hormone, grow seedlings and have a big risk, individual plant cost may be higher.The peat composed of rotten mosses of one of conventional seedling medium raw material main component is non-renewable resources in addition, and excessively exploitation can destroy ecotope, and therefore actively finding a kind of Peat substitution type seedling medium has very important meaning.
Summary of the invention
Resource and the technological deficiency of in order to overcome current substrate block, growing seedlings and existing, the invention provides a kind of by inside and outside seedling culturing substrate block dimerous, adopting garden waste product, vermiculite, perlite is primary raw material, has that raw material sources are extensive, process equipment is simple and easy, with low cost, transplanting survival rate advantages of higher.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A seedling medium, is characterized in that comprising substrate block 1 and hole 4, and described substrate block 1 contains garden waste product.
Garden waste of the present invention refers to: urban afforestation beautifies the deadwood that produces in process, fallen leaves, grass bits, flower loses and other greening pruner thing etc.
Garden waste compost product of the present invention refers to: garden waste is crushed to 0.5～1cm length, regulates C/N ratio to 25, water content 50%～60%; By 0.3% of garden waste gross weight, add organic matter decomposing inoculant, viable count>=2 * 10
8cfu/g, compost obtains garden waste compost product until become thoroughly decomposed;
Described substrate block 1 also comprises vermiculite, perlite and water-loss reducer, the agricultural water-loss reducer that preferably An Xin of Yingde City water conservation Co., Ltd produces, and market can be purchased.
The profile of described substrate block 1 is polyhedron, cylinder or round platform, at least one face of described polyhedron, cylinder or round platform, has a hole 4 vertical with this face and that extend to opposite.
Described hole 4 is blind hole.
Described hole 4 is cylinder, vertebral body or the terraced body that falls.
Described substrate block 1 comprises interior substrate block 3 and epimatrix piece 2, and epimatrix piece 2 has bottom surface, and the internal diameter of described epimatrix piece 2 is greater than the external diameter of interior substrate block 3.
Described interior substrate block by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5 mix, adding mass fraction is that 0.5% water-loss reducer is made; Epimatrix piece by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite, slow-release fertilizer by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5:0.2 mix, adding mass fraction is 0.5% water-loss reducer, 0.1% AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi (garden, preferred garden board AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi, by patentee, produced voluntarily, market can be purchased) make.
The porosity of described interior substrate block 3 and epimatrix piece 2 is 40%～60%.
Described epimatrix piece internal diameter 35mm～55mm, thickness is 4mm～5mm, high 25mm～40mm, interior substrate block external diameter 30mm～50mm, high 20mm～35mm, described blind hole specification is diameter 5mm～10mm, dark 10mm～15mm, inside and outside substrate block gross weight is 60～80g.
The preparation method of seedling medium, step is as follows:
(1) garden waste is crushed to 0.5～1cm length, with urea, regulates C/N (C/N ratio) to 25, water content 50%～60%.
(2) by 0.3% of garden waste gross weight, add organic matter decomposing inoculant (garden, preferred garden biological organic fertilizer leavening, viable count>=2 * 10
8cfu/g, by patentee's production and sales, market can be purchased), compost obtains garden waste compost product until become thoroughly decomposed.
(3) by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5 mix, adding mass fraction is 0.5% water-loss reducer, regulates pH to 5.5～6.5.Interior substrate block be take this mixture and is made as the direct briquetting of raw material, and after epimatrix piece need add slow-release fertilizer (preferably control release urea) and AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi in proportion, briquetting makes.
Compost of the present invention refers to turning in every 7 days once until become thoroughly decomposed, and to piling body central point temperature, is down to 30 ℃ (following, garden waste crushed material darkens.
Field planting of the present invention refers to be transplanted to plant seedlings in the environment of fixed growth from the growing environment of growing seedlings.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, the raw material sources that adopt are extensive, with low cost
In China, along with the expansion of city size and the quickening of urbanization process, garden waste is a large amount of generation constantly, become the second largest city solid waste after domestic waste.Because raw material is sufficient, process equipment facility is simple, and easy operating is convenient to agricultural extension, is applicable to horticultural gardening, breed of crop etc., is particularly useful for growing seedlings of watermelon, muskmelon, has good ecology, economic and social benefit.
2, nutrient supply is balanced
Substrate block is for the nutrient supply before field planting in the present invention, and epimatrix piece is for the nutrient supply after field planting, make watermelon, muskmelon seedling each of growth in period nutrient be all protected, without Additional nutrient solution, substrate block nutrient discharges balanced, makes seedling growth homogeneous neat, there is no large seedling phenomenon.
3, avoid root system to cause damage
Adopt the seedling of the present invention's cultivation when field planting, root system has been full of interior substrate block, and now epimatrix piece can continue to supply with nutrition and protect root system when field planting, to avoid damage.
4, nutrient is abundant
The present invention is formulated by a certain percentage by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite and slow-release fertilizer, contain abundant organic matter, mineral element, physical property and acid-base value are suitable, can meet well required various nutrients in watermelon, muskmelon seedling process of growth.
5, refuse reclamation, environmental protection and energy saving
Garden waste is carried out to Composting treatment, compost product is for the preparation of seedling medium, both can realize the recycling of garden waste, alleviate the garden waste environmental pollution that landfill causes on the spot, and can avoid again the excessive exploitation of peat composed of rotten mosses resource and cause the deterioration of the ecological environment.
6,, applicable to arid area, anti-blight ability is strong
The present invention contains water-loss reducer, and water-loss reducer can reduce infiltration and the loss of soil moisture, can make plant under drought condition, also keep good growing way, so the present invention can be used for arid area watermelon, muskmelon is grown seedlings; In epimatrix piece of the present invention, also contain AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi simultaneously, can effectively improve the ability of watermelon, Melon Wilt Disease Resistance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 seedling medium structural representation of the present invention, in figure, 1 is substrate block, and 2 is epimatrix piece, and 3 is interior substrate block, and 4 is hole.
The impact of Fig. 2 seedling culturing substrate block of the present invention on watermelon seedlings index in strong sprout.
The impact of Fig. 3 seedling culturing substrate block of the present invention on watermelon seedlings chlorophyll content.
Embodiment
Seedling medium, comprises substrate block 1 and hole 4, and described substrate block 1 contains garden waste product.
Described substrate block 1 also comprises vermiculite, perlite and water-loss reducer.
The profile of described substrate block 1 is polyhedron, cylinder or round platform, at least one face of described polyhedron, cylinder or round platform, has a hole 4 vertical with this face and that extend to opposite.
Described hole 4 is blind hole.
Described hole 4 is cylinder, vertebral body or the terraced body that falls.
Described substrate block 1 comprises interior substrate block 3 and epimatrix piece 2, and epimatrix piece 2 has bottom surface, and the internal diameter of described epimatrix piece 2 is greater than the external diameter of interior substrate block 3.
Described interior substrate block by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5 mix, adding mass fraction is that 0.5% water-loss reducer is made; Epimatrix piece by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite, slow-release fertilizer by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5:0.2 mix, adding mass fraction is that 0.5% water-loss reducer, 0.1% AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi are made.
The porosity of described interior substrate block 3 and epimatrix piece 2 is 40%～60%.
Described epimatrix piece internal diameter 35mm～55mm, thickness is 4mm～5mm, high 25mm～40mm, interior substrate block external diameter 30mm～50mm, high 20mm～35mm, described the region between the heart and the diaphragm hole gauge lattice are diameter 5mm～10mm, dark 10mm～15mm, inside and outside substrate block gross weight is 60～80g.
Following non-limiting example can make the present invention of those of ordinary skill in the art's comprehend, but does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, technical scheme: garden waste is crushed to 0.5～1cm length, regulates C/N ratio to 25, water content 50%～60%; By 0.3% of garden waste gross weight, add organic matter decomposing inoculant, viable count>=2 * 10
8cfu/g, compost obtains garden waste compost product until become thoroughly decomposed; By garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5 mix, adding mass fraction is 0.5% water-loss reducer, regulates pH to 5.5～6.5.Interior substrate block be take this mixture as the direct briquetting production of raw material, and epimatrix piece can be produced after need adding slow-release fertilizer and AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi in ratio described in claim 6.
The impact of experimental example 2 seedling culturing substrate blocks on watermelon seedlings index in strong sprout
Selecting capital is examination material glad No. 1, and seed is purchased from Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science's seed retail department.
With Novel seedling raising substrate block of the present invention, carry out watermelon seedling culturing experiment, take ground seedling, polypots is grown seedlings and point disk seedling growing is contrast, seedling stage, other management were all identical.
Sow after 30 days, watermelon seedlings 10 strains are got in every kind of processing, measure Seedling Height, stem slightly and complete stool dry weight, calculate index in strong sprout, design three repetitions.Strong sprout index=(stem thick/plant height) * complete stool dry weight * 100.
Measurement result is as follows:
Several processing are compared, and strong sprout, index was followed successively by from high to low: the substrate block > ground seedling > polypots > point disk seedling growing (Fig. 2) of growing seedlings of growing seedlings.Substrate block is grown seedlings and has been promoted growing of watermelon seedlings, and stem is thick and dry weight recruitment is maximum, so strong sprout, index was the highest, grew seedlings and compared and increased respectively 30.4% and 130.8% with point disk seedling growing with polypots, and otherness reaches significance level.
The impact of experimental example 3 seedling culturing substrate blocks on watermelon seedlings chlorophyll content
Photosynthesis is that green plants or certain micro-organisms change luminous energy into the process of chemical energy, is the basis that nature biotechnology is depended on for existence.Chlorophyll is the photosynthetic material base of green plants, and it absorbs energy from light, and then energy is used to change carbonic acid gas into carbohydrate.Therefore chlorophyll content number can be used as plant seedlings stalwartness whether important indicator.
Material, seedling raising process and management are with reference to experimental example 1.
Sow after 30 days, adopt acetone ethanol mixed liquor extraction method to measure seedling leaves chlorophyll content.
Measurement result is as follows:
Several processing are compared, and chlorophyll content is followed successively by from high to low: the substrate block > polypots > ground seedling > point disk seedling growing (figure) of growing seedlings of growing seedlings.Wherein seedling culturing substrate block is compared with point disk seedling growing, and otherness reaches significance level.
The foregoing is only preferably embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a seedling medium, is characterized in that comprising substrate block (1) and hole (4), and described substrate block (1) contains garden waste compost product.
2. seedling medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that described substrate block (1) also contains vermiculite, perlite and water-loss reducer.
3. seedling medium according to claim 1 and 2, the profile that it is characterized in that described substrate block (1) is polyhedron, cylinder or round platform, on at least one face of described polyhedron, cylinder or round platform, have a hole (4) vertical with this face and that extend to opposite, described hole (4) are blind hole.
4. seedling medium according to claim 3, is characterized in that described hole (4) is for cylinder, vertebral body or the terraced body that falls.
5. seedling medium according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described substrate block (1) comprises interior substrate block (3) and epimatrix piece (2), epimatrix piece (2) has bottom surface, and the internal diameter of described epimatrix piece (2) is greater than the external diameter of interior substrate block (3).
6. seedling medium according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described interior substrate block by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5 mix, adding mass fraction is that 0.5% water-loss reducer is made; Epimatrix piece by garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite, slow-release fertilizer by volume 3～4:0.8:0.5:0.2 mix, adding mass fraction is that 0.5% water-loss reducer, 0.1% AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi are made.
7. seedling medium according to claim 6, is characterized in that the porosity of described interior substrate block (3) and epimatrix piece (2) is 40%～60%.
8. seedling medium according to claim 6, it is characterized in that described epimatrix piece internal diameter 35mm～55mm, thickness is 4mm～5mm, high 25mm～40mm, interior substrate block external diameter 30mm～50mm, high 20mm～35mm, described blind hole diameter 5mm～10mm, dark 10mm～15mm, inside and outside substrate block gross weight is 60～80g.
9. the preparation method of the seedling medium described in claim 1-8 any one, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) garden waste is crushed to 0.5～1cm length, regulates C/N than to 25, adding the mass fraction that water is adjusted to water is 50%～60%;
(2) by 0.3% of garden waste gross weight, add organic matter decomposing inoculant, compost obtains garden waste compost product until become thoroughly decomposed;
(3) by described volume ratio, mix garden waste compost product, vermiculite, perlite, water-loss reducer adjusting pH to 5.5～6.5, interior substrate block be take this mixture and is produced and make as the direct briquetting of raw material, and after epimatrix piece adds slow-release fertilizer and AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi in ratio described in claim 6, briquetting makes.
10. the application of the seedling medium described in claim 1-8 any one in watermelon or muskmelon are grown seedlings.
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| CN106069320A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-09 | 成都森洁商贸有限公司 | A kind of Peony growing soil with AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi |
| CN106105858A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing garden waste to prepare seedling medium |
| CN106888783A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-27 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of heliogreenhouse pepper seedling raising method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN106900318A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of watermelon in sunlight greenhouse |
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| CN106105858A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-16 | 上海博大园林建设发展有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing garden waste to prepare seedling medium |
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