CN106105859A - A kind of oil tea light ground mass nursery formula mixture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of oil tea light ground mass nursery formula mixture and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106105859A CN106105859A CN201610453879.4A CN201610453879A CN106105859A CN 106105859 A CN106105859 A CN 106105859A CN 201610453879 A CN201610453879 A CN 201610453879A CN 106105859 A CN106105859 A CN 106105859A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to light substrate groups mixture of a kind of camellia seedling with shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel as primary raw material and preparation method thereof, formula is by shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, peat, Vermiculitum, mallee bark, perlite and carbonization rice husk composition, this formula mixture preparation technology includes that content material shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel makes substrate of becoming thoroughly decomposed, peat removes bulky grain part and foreign material by 1cm aperture mesh screen, crushed crude pearlite is broken into particle diameter 2 4mm, Vermiculitum is lamellar, press bark to process for pile fermentation, the mallee bark that becomes thoroughly decomposed pulverized and sieve, by the sultry carbonization rice husk being processed into of dying fire, material mixes, it is dried, packaging and other steps.Stabilized with mixture prepared by the present invention is good, and use, convenient transportation, preparation is simple for it.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of with shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel as primary raw material, efficiently solve naked nursery and new loess container nursery
The camellia seedling light substrate groups mixture of shortcoming and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel) belongs to Theaceae (Theaceae) Camellia (Camellia L.) and plants
Thing, for evergreen dungarunga or shrub.Oil tea is China's endemic tree, has the cultivation of more than 2000 year in China and utilizes history, with
Fructus oleae europaeae, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Cortex cocois radicis the referred to as big traditional oil tree in the world four, with Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb., Aleurites fordii Hemsl. and Semen Juglandis the referred to as big wood of China four
This oilseed plant.To 2009, there were 4531.2 ten thousand mu of camellia oleifera lams in China, and current output is the lowest, and every mu of only oil-producing 5.8kg is left
Right.If all transformed by existing low yield camellia oleifera lam, newly make (the average every per mu yield of nearly more than 2,500 ten thousand mu of high yield camellia oleifera lams
40kg oil), applied by breeding and high-yield cultivation technique, make high-yield tea-oil stable yields, Oleum Camelliae yield is expected to reach more than 250 ten thousand when the time comes
Ton, will be greatly improved Oleum Camelliae ratio in existing edible oil supplies, and alleviates the edible oil supply contradiction of growing tension, ensures state
Family's edible oil safety.Greatly developing camellia oleiferaindustry, utilization efficient to land resources and maintenance country grain and oil have safely the heaviest
The strategic importance wanted.Promotion is increased income employment simultaneously, push forward the building of a new socialist countryside；Optimize edible oil consumption structure, carry
High national Dietary Health level；Can planting trees on barren hills, conserve water and soil, insect protected of preventing fires, improve rural ecological looks and human settlement,
Ecological benefits are notable.Development camellia oleiferaindustry has included national planning in.2007, [General Office of the State Council pass within 2008, has in succession been put into effect
In the suggestion promoting oil seed production development] (Office of the State Council sends out [2007] No. 59), [State Council is about promoting that edible vegetable oil industry is healthy
The suggestion of development guarantee supply security] (promulgated by the State Council [2008] 36), the special oil crops such as oil tea to be greatly developed clearly are proposed.
For promoting camellia oleiferaindustry development, the State Administration of Forestry puts into effect in [whole nation camellia oleiferaindustry development plan (2009-2020)] for 2009: oil tea
The woods construction of base gross area 6632.0 ten thousand mu, wherein: newly make camellia oleifera lam 2487.0 ten thousand mu, existing low yield camellia oleifera lam transformation 4144.0
Ten thousand mu.Plus existing high yield camellia oleifera lam area 387.1 ten thousand mu, to the planning end of term, China's camellia oleifera lam area of base is up to
7018.1 ten thousand mu.
Add up according to [about the investigation report of oil tea breeding seeling industry supply situation] and relevant information, the existing Seedling of oil tea
Wood production capacity can provide breeding nursery stock total amount to be 16.32 hundred million strains within project period.Through preresearch estimates, project period newly makes and updates
Transformation camellia oleifera lam needs breeding nursery stock about 60.34 hundred million strain altogether, and breeding nursery stock breach total amount about 44.02 hundred million strain, average annual breach quantity is
3.67 hundred million strains, existing excellent nursery stock supply capacity is far from the needs meeting oil tea base development.
Development camellia oleiferaindustry, seedling is at all, is crucial.Currently, the breeding of China oil tea Seedling is transferred mainly by sprout stock
It is connected on the direct nursery in land for growing field crops, or carries out container nursery with Huang newly soil for substrate, but the bare-root seeding that the Seedling directly brought out in land for growing field crops comes
The surrival rate of afforestation is the highest, large area plantation difficulty, takes yellow soil as substrate, water conservation poor air permeability, is easily scattered, unfavorable
Growing in seedling root, and soil weight is big, carrying labor intensity is big, and cost of transportation is high.
China's current industrial seedling rearing many employings Vermiculitum, perlite and peat are as seedling medium, but due to above-mentioned material
Expecting on the high side, particularly peat is non-renewable resources in a short time, and in terms of physicochemical character and biological stability the most not
And import peat.The various inorganic and organic substrate of large-scale use progressively shows its shortcomings and limitations in early days, utilizes tree
Skin, wood sawdust, coconut palm bran and agricultural crop straw the like waste have begun to enter the exploratory stage as garden seedling tree cultivation matrix,
Novel organic culture substrate starts appearance and shows good characteristic in utilization, becomes the direction of substrate research and development.
China's agricultural plant castoff compost technology is the most ripe, currently mainly concentrates on animal wastes and city
The compost treatment of rubbish.But, China's forest Seedling and facilities horticulture arable farming aspect lack systematic study to organic substrate, not
Form industrialized production.Current process technology remains in macerates heap level easily, uses anaerobic composting, causes agricultural fine
The decomposition rate of dimension property garbage is uneven, and N source is run off serious, or excessive decomposition, and properties of product are difficult to ensure that, are worth relatively low,
This is also to form industrialization, the bottleneck of large-scale production.
Patent of the present invention follows the tracks of agricultural plant castoff compost cutting edge technology, to build and to screen for agricultural plant
The functional microorganism bacterium that garbage controllability is decomposed is attached most importance to, and studies correlation factor, formation process flow process, reduces volume of material
Change, promotes efficiency and the product quality of organic substrate.
Meanwhile, special to the growth during the physicochemical property of agriculture and forestry organic waste material organic substrate product and oil tea seed cultivation
Property biology performance carry out going deep into systematic research, it is thus achieved that the Regulation Mechanism of oil tea light organic matrix nursery and formed one
Mixed substrate product is for the seedling-raising technique of oil tea seedling.
Utilize agricultural, trade waste exploitation camellia seedling substrate and all kinds of seed cultivation dedicated substrate, and coordinate appearance
Device is cultivated, and takes light ground mass container nursery can utilize the air root relief performance of container, breathability, the water-retaining property of light ground mass,
Breathability；Light ground mass with agriculture and forestry organic waste material as primary raw material grows physics, chemistry and the life providing good for seedling root
Thing performance, promotes the growth of root system；The root system between root system and substrate will not be destroyed during transplanting, and set up rapidly and cultivate Jie
New root system relation between matter, substantially reduces seedling growth seedling-slowing stage, is effectively improved plant percent；Cultivated
Seedling root is flourishing, and root is sturdy, and seedling root carbohydrate reserves are high, and the flow of water is superior, and strong stress resistance substantially increases nursery stock
Activity, afforestation the phase without seedling-slowing stage, improve the primary growth speed of trees.Also reduce cost of transportation simultaneously, reduce work strong
Degree, use manpower and material resources sparingly resource.
Oil tea organic substrate nursery, lightweight, renewable, environmentally safe, it is suitable for the growth of oil tea seedlings root, Seedling
Wood plant after without seedling-slowing stage, cultivate that integrated cost is low, high efficiency, be the optimum selection cultivating excellent oil tea Seedling, can not only be effective
Agricultural plant fibre changing rejected material to useful resource is promoted efficiently to utilize, and to promoting health and the sustainable development tool of camellia oleiferaindustry
It is of great importance.
Naked based on land for growing field crops nursery of oil tea conventional seedbed system method or carry out container nursery for substrate with yellow new soil, but naked
The easy dehydration of Seedling long-distance transportation, the surrival rate of afforestation is the highest.Take yellow new soil as substrate, water conservation poor air permeability, be easily scattered, no
Being beneficial to seedling root growth, and soil weight is big, carrying labor intensity is big, and cost of transportation is high.
At present from the point of view of State Administration of Forestry's database query result and literature survey, being equipped with shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel as primary raw material
Peat, Vermiculitum, by bark, perlite, the material composition such as carbonization rice husk can efficiently solve naked nursery and new loess container
The camellia seedling light substrate groups of the shortcoming of nursery and using method thereof have no report.
The primary raw material of the present invention is oil tea oil and peat, Vermiculitum, by bark, perlite, carbonization rice husk, provides according to document
Material and our experience, determine through the experiment of scientific formula repeatedly.Passing through the confirmatory experiment in our camellia seedling base again, it is main
Want index: survival rate, height of seedling, footpath, aerial parts fresh weight, under ground portion fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, average side root length, the longest root footpath,
Average lateral root number, total lateral root length, tip of a root number etc. obtained preferable improvement or improve (with we oneself before the most when with
The ratio of document report), it is possible to full high-quality camellia oleifera lam nursery demand.Light ground mass nursery can efficiently solve naked nursery
With the shortcoming of new loess container nursery, its concrete theoretical foundation is as follows:
1. in excellent oil tea seedling, the substrate of single component is difficult to meet nursery requirement, general employing mixture base
Matter, adjusts substrate physicochemical property.Substrate select to include following three side and: one is the solid content with certain size.This meeting
Affecting whether substrate has good physical behavior, the size of matrix granule can affect containing of capacity, voidage, air and water
Amount.Two is to have good physical property.Substrate must be loosened, and water conservation fertilizer conservation is breathed freely again.Three is to have stable chemical property,
Itself, without harmful components, does not make substrate nutrient change.The chemical property leading indicator pH value of substrate, it can affect substrate
PH value and the change of composition, pH value 5-6 is considered as preferable substrate；The saline solution that electrical conductivity reflection has ionized is dense
Degree, directly affects composition and the seedling root absorption to various elements of substrate；Fertilizer is changed rapidly by buffer capacity reflection substrate
Change pH values obtains buffer capacity, it is desirable to buffer capacity is the strongest more good.
2. oil tea culture medium proportioning should be varied from according to the amblent air temperature factor, and winter and nursery in the early spring are due to low
Temperature, air humidity are low, and nursery stock irrigation amount is few, need to consider the insulation of substrate；Seedling growing in summer air humidity is high, and cooling and moisturizing are sprayed
The water yield is big, typically requires that substrate water-permeable and air permeable is more higher.
3. the chemical stability of substrate: the Light media prepared, its chemical property should be the most stable, because different tree
Plant seedling raise period length different, it is ensured that the chemical property of substrate does not occur significant change during nursery.The change of substrate
Learn stability and also ensure that other stable performances of substrate, so just it is believed that effectively, accurately control Seedling in seedling raising process
The growth of wood, to reach set nursery purpose.Therefore the one-tenth of substrate is chosen according to this basic demand when substrate preparation
Divide and the ratio of various compositions.
4. the granularity of substrate: the substrate prepared to have good gas phase, liquid phase, solid-phase construction, i.e. substrate loose, thoroughly
Gas, do not harden.When washiness, substrate has good permeability and a breathability, and has certain water storage, fertilizer-preserving ability.Base
This physical property of matter is mainly formed by the granule size proportioning of material.The such as fluvial sand without soil, when granularity is little to one
When determining degree, Lian Shuidu can ooze, because surface area is the biggest.In order to substrate keeps good three-phase structure, various in substrate
Composition to have different granularities and ratio.Therefore to select the granularity of substrate according to this requirement when preparing substrate.
5. the Acidity of Aikalinity (pH value) of substrate: different plants is the most different to the requirement of container substrate, but under normal circumstances
The substrate all selecting pH value to be 5.0-6.5.PH value determines a principal element of Nutrient Absorption.
6. the soluble-salt (EC) of substrate: in reflection substrate originally with soluble organic fraction number, determine root system week
The salinity enclosed, this concentration can represent with g/L or conductivity (EC), does not use the substrate that soluble-salt content is high to become
Point.Because substrate is confined in the container of certain volume, so the ion in the fertilizer dissolved and the ion meeting in irrigation water
Gather together, make the soluble-salt content in matrix solution reach a value the highest.Therefore, substrate, fertilizer, irrigation water are all
Soluble-salt content should be selected minimum.Additionally, should the content of soluble-salt in periodic monitoring matrix solution.
7. the multiformity of matrix components: the multiformity of matrix components, it is therefore intended that performance complement between composition.Join in substrate
During system, matrix components to be avoided is the most single.One important indicator during the mutual infiltration degree of such as substrate and water, has one
A little Light media are not easy infiltration with water, it is noted that matrix components is arranged in pairs or groups mutually during configuration.
8. the fertility of substrate: the Light media with agriculture and forestry organic waste material as main component, by fermentation process, half ashing process and
Water drenches, and nutrient substance is especially dissolved in the nutrient substance heavy losses of water, and substrate can not be provided with for plant seedling growth
The nutrition of effect.Therefore, Light media fertilizer must particular formulation and supply.
Fertilizer periodically should apply according to the needs of plant difference growth course, and quick-acting fertilizer can not be put the most in a large number
Enter in substrate, otherwise can be because of the too many burn seedlings of fertilizer.Quick-acting fertilizer is periodically used preferably by liquid discharging method, is determined by test and executes
Fertile quantity and interval time of applying fertilizer.There is a kind of slow-release fertilizer on producing at present, can disposably apply, it is provided that the need in 1 year seedling stage
Ask.In substrate produces process for preparation, slow release fertilizer can be added in substrate.
Summary of the invention
1. substrate prescription and ratio thereof:
Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel: peat: Vermiculitum: by bark: perlite: carbonization rice husk is 3-7: 2-5: 1-4: 1-4: 1-5: 1-2.
Vegetable material: oil-tea sprout stock grafting seedling, the excellent Camellia Oleifera Clones that Huaihua nursery base uses is Hunan Province woods
" the Hunan woods No. 46 " of industry research institute authorization.
2. host material processes and prepared by mixture:
Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel: purchasing and cross in Xiangyin, Yongxing County, Hunan and periphery each small towns man of peasant household, the nitrogen source of employing is: carbamide, chicken
Excrement, pig manure, microorganism agent is EM bacterium, enzymatic microorganism, and shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel moisture is adjusted to 60%, and C/N ratio is adjusted to about 40: 1, when temperature reaches
To more than 55 DEG C and carry out machinery turning after maintaining one week, centre adds urea water 1 time, turning 4 times, and whole process maintained at 50 days
Reason makes substrate of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Peat: buy from Guangdong Province, removes bulky grain part and foreign material by 1cm aperture mesh screen.
Perlite: purchased from Changsha, particle diameter 2-4mm.
Vermiculitum " is bought from Henan Province, lamellar.
By bark: be purchased from State Administration of Forestry Eucalyptus center, become thoroughly decomposed by tree through what pile fermentation processed, and pulverized and sieves
Skin finished product.
Carbonization rice husk: rice husk is purchased in rice processing factory of Changsha Ningxiang, is processed into carbonization rice husk by dying fire is sultry.Each base
The physicochemical property of matter see table 1.
The physicochemical property of table 1 substrate
Preparation method of mixture: the shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel that will process, peat, Vermiculitum, by bark, perlite, carbonization rice husk by than
Example precise, is added in tempering tank by the least component order by component size, is sufficiently stirred for, until mix homogeneously, dry
Dry, packaging (special packing bag, 250g/ bag).
3. using method: said mixture is made bag containing soilless substrate and puts into Seedling basin, hang up properly label, then Seedling basin is placed in room
In temperature booth, drench sterilization twice with the potassium permanganate solution of 5% in the previous day planting Seedling, within second day, with clear water drip washing be for one time
Seedling Medium Culture can be planted.Drench with clear water after planting well and determine root.The management in later stage is consistent with the management of room temperature booth.Become after three months
Motility rate and the investigation of each growth indexes and mensuration.
4. the investigation of nursery stock index and mensuration
Index specifically include that survival rate, height of seedling, footpath, aerial parts fresh weight, under ground portion fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, average side
Root length, the longest root footpath, average lateral root number, total lateral root length, tip of a root number.
The investigation of survival rate: all plant numbers survived are carried out record, survival rate=survive strain number/strain number of planting.
Take at random 5 young plants carry out height of seedling, footpath, aerial parts fresh weight, under ground portion fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, average side root length, the longest root
Footpath, average lateral root number, total lateral root length, the investigation of tip of a root number and mensuration.Height of seedling, the longest root footpath, average side root length tape measure
Measure；Footpath, ground slide gauge is measured；Aerial parts fresh weight, under ground portion fresh weight electronic balance weighing；Root/shoot ratio=
Under ground portion fresh weight/aerial parts fresh weight.
5. result: survival rate to 97.3%, height of seedling reaches >=3cm10.8cm, footpath, ground >=3.0mm, aerial parts fresh weight
>=1.26g, under ground portion fresh weight >=1.36g, root/shoot ratio >=0.96, the longest root length >=8.2cm, new germination rate >=86%, averagely
Root length >=3cm, average side root length >=3cm, total side root length >=68cm, radical >=22, average side.
Claims (10)
1. the camellia seedling light substrate groups being used for efficiently solving the shortcoming of naked nursery and new loess container nursery
Mixture and preparation method thereof, it is characterised in that be equipped with peat, Vermiculitum, mallee bark, perlite, carbon for primary raw material with shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel
Change rice husk, be configured to mixture by following mass ratio: shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel: peat: Vermiculitum: Eucalyptus bark: perlite: carbonization rice husk is 3-
7∶2-5∶1-4∶1-4∶1-5∶1-2。
2. according to the formula mixture described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel is to be processed by pile fermentation
The substrate of becoming thoroughly decomposed made, the process of process is that the nitrogen source used is: carbamide, chicken manure, pig manure, microorganism agent is EM bacterium, ferment
Bacterium, is adjusted to 60% by shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel moisture, and C/N ratio is adjusted to about 40: 1, carries out after temperature reaches more than 55 DEG C and maintains one week
Machinery turning, centre adds urea water 1 time, turning 4 times, and whole process maintains 50 days.
3. according to the formula mixture described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described peat passes through 1cm aperture net after pulverizing
Screen out bulky grain part and foreign material.
4. according to the formula mixture described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described perlitic particle diameter is 2-
4mm。
5. according to the formula mixture described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Vermiculitum is the tablet that is produced from Henan.
6. according to the formula mixture described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described mallee bark is through pile fermentation
Process and pulverize and sieve becomes thoroughly decomposed by bark finished product.
7. according to the formula mixture described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described carbonization rice husk is sultry by dying fire
It is processed into.
8. according to the formula mixture described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, peat, Vermiculitum, Eucalyptus
The physicochemical property of each substrate of skin, perlite and carbonization rice husk such as following table 1.
The physicochemical property of table 1 substrate
9. as follows according to formula mixture described in claim 1-8 and preparation method thereof:
The shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel that will process, peat, Vermiculitum, mallee bark, perlite, carbonization rice husk precise in proportion is big by component
Little by the least component order addition tempering tank, it is sufficiently stirred for, is dried, pack (bag special, 250g/ bag).
10. the formula mixture described in claim 1-9, it is characterised in that described shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, peat, Vermiculitum, mallee bark,
Perlite, carbonization rice husk is in preparation and application thereof.
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| CN109169172A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-11 | 黑龙江省林业科学研究所 | A kind of sea-buckthorn cutting medium and the breeding method of sea-buckthorn |
| CN109169169A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-11 | 黑龙江省林业科学研究所 | Cutting medium used in white birch breeding method and this method |
| CN109169171A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-11 | 黑龙江省林业科学研究所 | Cutting medium used in gooseberry breeding method and this method |
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| CN109769653A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-21 | 铜仁学院 | A kind of oil tea planting matrix formula |
| CN111837787A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Camellia oleifera seedling growing method |
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| CN109169170A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-11 | 黑龙江省林业科学研究所 | Cutting medium used in Mongolian oak breeding method and this method |
| CN109769565A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-21 | 铜仁学院 | A kind of summer oil tea covering method |
| CN109769653A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-21 | 铜仁学院 | A kind of oil tea planting matrix formula |
| CN111837787A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Camellia oleifera seedling growing method |
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Application publication date: 20161116 |