CN109169170A - Cutting medium used in Mongolian oak breeding method and this method - Google Patents
Cutting medium used in Mongolian oak breeding method and this method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109169170A CN109169170A CN201811192087.1A CN201811192087A CN109169170A CN 109169170 A CN109169170 A CN 109169170A CN 201811192087 A CN201811192087 A CN 201811192087A CN 109169170 A CN109169170 A CN 109169170A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of plant variety breeding technology, in particular to cutting medium used in a kind of Mongolian oak breeding method and this method.The Mongolian oak cutting medium, active principle include fungus cultivation waste fermentation material, stalk fermentation object and rice husk fermentation material.The present inventor selects the fermentation material of the fungus cultivation waste, rice husk and the stalk that centainly match as Mongolian oak cutting medium, various aspects high comprehensive performance can effectively improve plant percent by a large amount of screenings；Light weight is reduced artificial；Each substance is the waste of Different Industries, both rationally utilizes waste, environmentally friendly, and raw material is cheap abundant, reduces cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant variety breeding technology, in particular to a kind of Mongolian oak breeding method and this method institute
Cutting medium.
Background technique
Mongolian oak shoot cutting matrix is inorganic matrix at present, limited source, and inorganic matrix shoot cutting needs to change bed
Transplanting will cause the death of nursery stock, reduce emergence rate during transplanting, changing a transplanting medium is soil, and soil quality is larger,
The lost labor in container seedling forestation.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Mongolian oak cutting medium, improve plant percent, reduce it is artificial, reduce at
This, and to the preparation method of the matrix, using etc. inventions studied.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
The present invention relates to a kind of Mongolian oak cutting medium, active principle includes fungus cultivation waste fermentation material, stalk
Fermentation material and rice husk fermentation material.
Base Quality Research is basis and the key of substrate culture.In the prior art, peat is a kind of reason generally acknowledged both at home and abroad
Change that character is excellent, stable structure, the good cultivation matrix of using effect.It but since peat is expensive, and is non-renewable
Resource, reserves are limited, and the short time can not update, and a large amount of exploitations can cause ecological environment irreversibility to destroy.Inorganic matrix is usual
It is industrial some ores, nutriment is substantially free of, without bioactivity.Organic substrate has bioactivity, has relatively strong
Buffer capacity and higher retention ability, and nutritional ingredient rich in, decomposed agricultural used by the application are discarded
Object organic substrate can substitute turf for nursery, not only waste utilization to some extent, and can effectively improve plant percent,
It reduces manually, reduces cost.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the invention further relates to a kind of breeding methods of Mongolian oak, comprising: Mongolian oak spray
Into Mongolian oak cutting medium as described above, obtained Mongolian oak nursery stock is transplanted to plantation together with cutting medium for cuttage
Ground.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention uses the mixture of specific biomass ferment object as Mongolian oak cutting medium, is both utilized useless
Gurry, it is low in cost, and the exhaustive exploitation of certain raw materials in inorganic matrix is prevented, it is environmentally friendly.
(2) Mongolian oak cutting medium provided by the invention, shoot cutting rooting rate is 19.74%, and matrix is than existing skill
Inorganic matrix in art is lighter, reduces when transplanting artificial.
(3) mixed-matrix provided by the invention does not need to be transplanted, and eliminates the process for changing bed transplanting, finally plants
Survival rate reach up to 69.28%.
Specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of Mongolian oak cutting medium, active principle includes fungus cultivation waste fermentation material, stalk
Fermentation material and rice husk fermentation material.
In some embodiments, it is (1.5~2.5): (0.7~1.3): 1 agaric that active principle, which includes weight ratio,
Cultivate waste fermentation material, stalk fermentation object and rice husk fermentation material.
In some embodiments, it is (1.7~2.3): (0.8~1.2): 1 agaric that active principle, which includes weight ratio,
Cultivate waste fermentation material, stalk fermentation object and rice husk fermentation material.
In some embodiments, active principle includes fungus cultivation waste fermentation material, the straw that weight ratio is 2:1:1
Stalk fermentation material and rice husk fermentation material.
In some embodiments, the stalk is selected from the plants such as wheat, rice, corn, potato, rape, cotton, sugarcane
Remainder after harvesting seed.
In some embodiments, the hair of the fungus cultivation waste fermentation material, stalk fermentation object and rice husk fermentation material
Fermenting process the following steps are included:
Biological material adjusts C/N ratio after adjusting moisture content to 60%-65% as 33-38:1, and bio-fermentation agent is added
Heap fermentation is carried out, is covered with the overcover that waterproof is protected from light on fermentation heap, is breathed freely air dry 5-30min every 8-15h；
A) during the fermentation, the temperature of the fermentation heap is gradually heated to 65-70 DEG C and cools down again, when temperature reduces and temperature
First time turning is carried out when degree is maintained at 35-45 DEG C and supplements nitrogen source；
Repeat A) carry out second of turning；
After second of turning, the temperature of the fermentation heap completes fermentation when being reduced to 15-25 DEG C；
The biological material is selected from any one of fungus cultivation waste, rice husk and stalk.
In the present invention, thermometric is chosen as every morning 9:30-10:30 measurement；The position of measurement is chosen as from surface layer 45-
The temperature of 55cm depth.The environment temperature of fermentation is chosen as room temperature, generally 15-28 DEG C.
In some embodiments, the size of the fermentation heap is 800~1200kg/ heap, also can choose 1000kg/
Heap.
In some embodiments, the partial size of the biological material is 0.5-2mm；It is also an option that 1mm or 1.5mm.
In some embodiments, when carrying out the heap fermentation, the moisture content of fermentation heap is adjusted to 60%-
65%；Moisture content is also an option that 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%.
In some embodiments, adjusting C/N ratio is 34-37:1 or 35-36:1.
In some embodiments, the time of the heap fermentation is 36-48 days；It is also an option that 40 days or 44 days.
In some embodiments, the bio-fermentation agent is added in fermentation material after first mixing with rice bran and is fermented；
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the bio-fermentation agent and the rice bran is 1:3-8；It is also an option that 1:
4,1:5,1:6,1:7.
In some embodiments, the additive amount of the bio-fermentation agent is the 0.08%- of the biological material weight
0.12%；It is also an option that 0.10%；
In some embodiments, the bio-fermentation agent is Gymboree bio-fermentation agent.
In some embodiments, the overcover is tarpaulin.
In some embodiments, in fermentation process, the overcover sunning 8-15min is raised every 10-13h.
In some embodiments, in terms of the total nitrogen content of fermentation material, the nitrogen source of 15%-25% is supplemented when each turning；
It is also an option that the nitrogen source of supplement 17%, 20% or 23%.
In some embodiments, it when adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio and supplement nitrogen source, is carried out with animal wastes；
In some embodiments, the animal wastes are brid guano；
In some embodiments, the animal wastes are chicken manure.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the invention further relates to a kind of breeding methods of Mongolian oak, comprising: Mongolian oak spray
Into Mongolian oak cutting medium as described above, obtained Mongolian oak nursery stock is transplanted to plantation together with cutting medium for cuttage
Ground.
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
It can be with conventional products that are commercially available.
Embodiment
One, biological material ferments
1.1 decomposed raw material
Fungus cultivation waste (hereinafter referred to as agaric) tests raw material from Harbin surrounding area fungus cultivation base
Ground.
Rice husk, stalk come from Wuchang City of Heilongjiang Province.
1.2 decomposed additives
Nitrogen source: chicken manure is derived from east wind chicken farm.
Bacteria agent: Gymboree is from Kang Yuan Science and Technology Ltd. of Beijing China.
1.3 fermentation process
This test uses aerobic dynamic composting process, outdoor stack retting.Biological material (rice husk, stalk, agaric) is used into 1mm
Aperture pulverizer is crushed, and establishes the fermentation heap of every kind of 1000kg, fermentation heap is drenched, and is reached by moisture content needed for fermenting
On the basis of 60~65%, 24 hours or more are stacked so that moisture is fully absorbed；Calculate addition needed for each processing
The dosage (table 1) of nitrogen source adjusts its initial C/N ratio to 35/1 or so.The nitrogen source calculated is equably sprinkled upon on fermentation heap,
Simultaneously be added inoculated bacteria agent (1kg Gymboree, 5kg rice bran) stir evenly pile pyramid type carry out decomposed, fermentation heap
Surface mulch tarpaulin.
It is inserted into thermometer from measuring temperature at the 50cm of surface layer for 10 points of every morning in fermentation process, raises dry in the air sooner or later daily
It shines 10 minutes, to provide sufficient oxygen for microorganism.When fermentation temperature reaches 65~70 DEG C, (this hot stage can probably be held
Continuous 5-7 days time), then gradually cool down, when cooling reaches it is stable when progress turning and supplement nitrogen source (this when temperature it is big
It is generally to be stabilized to more than 40 degree just no longer to decline), artificial turning for the first time is carried out, while supplementing 20% nitrogen source, then temperature is again
It is secondary when reaching 60 DEG C or more, it is equally stirred for the second time after the situation that occurs cooling down, fermentation temperature is stablized on room temperature (20 DEG C of left sides
It is right) just complete fermentation.
When fermentation ends, the state of matrix is soft, and color is deeper, and fermentation heap is probably 2/3 when just building heap.
Raw material fundamental characteristics before 1 material compost of table
Two, inorganic matrix and novel organic substrate nursery comparative test
2.1 tests take Mongolian oak to grow fine, the spray of the current growth of no disease and pests harm, and ABT1 root-inducing powder is selected to make
To handle hormone, Temperature and Humidity Control is carried out to slotting machine using self-control temperature and humidity control equipment, while using inorganic matrix and the present invention
Matrix compare, seedling medium type is shown in Table 2.
During test, number of taking root, rooting rate, the root long degree of cuttings are investigated.
Comprehensive quality of taking root is calculated by formula Q value=rooting rate × 50%+ radical amount × 25%+ root long degree × 25%.
2 seedling medium configuration categories of table and ratio
| Matrix species | Ratio | Matrix species | Ratio |
| Rice husk | 1 | Agaric: stalk: rice husk | 2:2:1 |
| Agaric | 1 | Agaric: stalk: rice husk | 2:1:1 |
| Stalk | 1 | Agaric: stalk: rice husk | 1:1:1 |
| Rice husk: agaric | 1:1 | River sand: vermiculite: turf | 1:1:1 |
| Agaric: stalk | 1:1 | River sand: vermiculite | 1:1 |
| Rice husk: stalk | 1:1 | River sand | 1 |
Three, result and analysis
3.1 decomposed rear biological material physicochemical properties and nutritional ingredient
3.1.1 decomposed rear biological material physical property
The physical property analysis of head product after the fermentation of 3 heap body of table
The physical property of the agaric after rice husk, fermentation after fermentation, the stalk after fermentation head product after fermentation is shown in Table 3,
It is only 0.185g/cm that bulk density stalk is minimum after fermentation3, illustrate that stalk is best as matrix water penetration, aeration, bulk density size is suitable
Sequence are as follows: rice husk > agaric > stalk.Each matrix total porosity size after fermentation are as follows: stalk > agaric > rice husk, stalk total porosity is most
Illustrate greatly stalk accommodate air and water amount it is big, advantageously in crop root growth, but fix and support the effect of crop compared with
Difference.Aeration porosity after fermentation: agaric > stalk > rice husk, agaric aeration porosity is maximum, and the size of ventilating slit determines matrix
Transparent performance.Water-holding porosity size after fermentation are as follows: stalk > rice husk > agaric, stalk water-holding porosity is maximum, illustrates stalk
Water-retaining property is best, and agaric is worst.
The change in physical situation of 4 biological material of table fermentation front and back
It was found from 4 biological material of table ferments front and back change in physical situation:
In terms of bulk density: increased after each biological material fermentation, although variation is less reasonable in seedling medium
Bulk density within the scope of (with 0.1~0.8g/cm3Effect it is preferable), meet the requirement of seedling medium.
In terms of total porosity: the total porosity of ideal matrix is between 70~90%.Agaric and the decomposed processing of stalk fermentation
After meet seedling medium requirement.Slightly reduce after rice husk fermentation maturity relative to initial total pore space, illustrates rice husk in digest process
In be degraded by microorganisms, fritter particle is gradually resolved by bulk raw.Agaric and stalk two slightly have after handling fermentation maturity
Increase, illustrates that stalk and the agaric permeability Jing Guo decomposed processing are improved.
From the point of view of maximum water-holding capacity, each material maximum water-holding capacity has raising, illustrates that decomposed fermentation can improve material
Moisture holding capacity is conducive to nursery stock and keeps more moisture during the growth process, promotes seedling growth.
In terms of size void ratio, size void ratio is preferable 0.5 or so in general, after fermentation maturity is handled only
Agaric size hole is relatively good.
3.1.2 decomposed rear biological material chemical property
The chemical property situation of head product after the fermentation of 5 biological material heap body of table
Each material pH value before fermentation is in alkalinity, and difference is little.PH value decreases after each material fermentation, semilate rice
PH value is in acidity after shell fermentation.Research shows that: the optimum pH of cultivation matrix is 6.0-7.5, also has been reported that display neutrality is advisable.
Therefore palpus need to be adjusted according to the growth of plant in practical nursery.
Heap bulk conductivity values variation can to a certain extent reactor block fermentation severe degree, value be also matrix whether
The important indicator of suitable cultivation.It is also a necessary condition of compost maturity.Nie Yongfeng thinks, when compost EC value is less than 9.0ms/
When cm, there is no inhibiting effect to germination.When compost EC value is less than 2.6ms/cm, ideal base harmless to various plants
Matter EC value be (0.5ms/cm < EC < 1.3ms/cm) as can be seen from Table 5, be suitable for nursery requirement after the processing of each material fermentation,
But agaric is not up to ideal matrix EC value range, and needing to elute before use reduces its EC value, reaches ideal matrix EC value model
It encloses.
3 kinds of biological materials are the content of organic matter of remaining type matrix is different in addition to rice husk after fermentation process
The reduction of degree.The reason of material content of organic matter increases may be: material lighter weight itself can produce after fermentation process
Raw a large amount of mushroom and a large amount of metabolite, so the content of organic matter will increase after fermentation；The reason of content of organic matter reduces
It may be: being decomposed under microbial activities using nitrogen source unstable material, some organic matters are utilized by the microorganism, a part
Synthesized micro-organism substance itself, a part are converted to stable organic matter.The height of the content of organic matter can maintain the life of microorganism
Length directly affects ferment effect, can improve the organic matter stability of fermentation raw material by fermenting.
The T value of the different biological materials of table 6
| Raw material | Initial C/N | Final C/N | T value |
| Rice husk | 60:1 | 29:1 | 0.44 |
| Agaric | 41:1 | 20:1 | 0.49 |
| Stalk | 85:1 | 39:1 | 0.46 |
C/N ratio is the important indicator for evaluating the decomposed degree of biological material, and C/N may determine that less than 20:1 under normal circumstances
Matrix is decomposed, but since the initial C/N ratio of different materials differs greatly, we judge whether biological material is beaten with T value
To decomposed, it is considered that biological material reaches decomposed when T value is less than 0.6.Three kinds of biological materials are rotten as shown in Table 6
It is ripe.
3.1.3 decomposed rear biological material nutritional ingredient variation
Biological material nutritional ingredient variation after table 7 is decomposed
After everfermentation, the nutritional ingredient variation in each biological material windrow is shown in Table 7
It may be that the permeability of heap body is conducive to ammonium state that alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen fermentation ends, which are the reason of decreasing this phenomenon,
Nitrogen is converted to nitrate nitrogen, so that part free state nitrogen is discharged into the atmosphere in the form of safety, causes nitrogen at any time, and there are also one
Part synthesizes the substance of itself by microbial assimilation.
Rapid available phosphorus has the reason of decline, and with decomposed end, part rapid available phosphorus becomes slow phosphorus, leads to its content again
It decreases.
Available potassium, which is slightly reduced, illustrates windrow during fermentation, and while organic matter decomposes, potassium has certain loss.
Iron and manganese are increased in microelement, and copper and zinc decrease.
3.1.4 organic substrate physicochemical property and nutritional ingredient are mixed
8 matrix species of table and proportion
| Matrix species | Ratio | Matrix species | Ratio |
| Rice husk | 1 | Agaric: stalk: rice husk | 2:2:1 |
| Agaric | 1 | Agaric: stalk: rice husk | 2:1:1 |
| Stalk | 1 | Agaric: stalk: rice husk | 1:1:1 |
| Rice husk: agaric | 1:1 | River sand: vermiculite: turf | 1:1:1 |
| Agaric: stalk | 1:1 | River sand: vermiculite | 1:1 |
| Rice husk: stalk | 1:1 | River sand | 1 |
Novel organic substrate physicochemical property and nutritional ingredient are shown in Table 9 and 10
Table 9 mixes organic substrate physicochemical property
Table 10 mixes organic matrix nutrition ingredient
3.2 inorganic matrixes and novel organic substrate nursery comparative test
Base Quality Research is basis and the key of substrate culture.Peat be a kind of physicochemical character generally acknowledged both at home and abroad it is excellent,
The good cultivation matrix of stable structure, using effect.It but since peat is expensive, and is non-renewable resources, reserves have
Limit, short time can not update, and a large amount of exploitations can cause ecological environment irreversibility to destroy.Inorganic matrix is usually industrial one
A little ores, are substantially free of nutriment, without bioactivity.Organic substrate have bioactivity, have stronger buffer capacity and
Higher retention ability, and nutritional ingredient rich in, decomposed agriculture and forestry organic waste material organic substrate can substitute to some extent
Turf is used for nursery, is the main matrix of modern nursery.
11 inorganic matrix Mongolian oak shoot cutting of table is taken root situation
Shoot cutting is carried out to Mongolian oak using inorganic matrix, cutting plantation 12.16% utilizes spray skewer of the present invention
Inserting rooting rate is 19.74%.
It needs to transplant after Mongolian oak cuttage root-taking in inorganic matrix and changes bed, plant percent is 35.21% after transplanting, this hair
It is bright not need to be transplanted, and the process for changing bed transplanting is eliminated, plant percent reaches 69.28%, therefore the present invention is final
Plant percent improves 34.07% than existing inorganic matrix survival rate, and matrix quality of the present invention is only 41.37%, is suitble to hold
Device seedling is gone up a hill afforestation, is saved artificial.
From table 11 it can be seen that the rooting rate and survival rate of single-matrix are 0, the matrix rooting rate of two kinds of materials mixing
Matrix rooting rate compared with the mixing of three kinds of materials is low.
Each cutting medium arranges from high to low according to comprehensive quality of taking root: 8 >, 7 >, 10 >, 9 >, 11 >, 5 > 4
Each cutting medium arranges from high to low according to root survival: 8 >, 7 >, 9 >, 10 >, 11 > 5
1,2,3,6,12 rooting rate of matrix serial number is 0, and 4 survival rate of matrix serial number is 0.
In conclusion single-matrix is not suitable for being used directly to nursery, it need to be used in combination with other matrix, mixture goes out physics and chemistry
Matter is suitble to the excellent substrates of nursery growth.Illustrate that single-matrix is unable to satisfy the growth requirement of Mongolian oak, is not suitable for doing Mongolian oak
Cutting medium.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, but those skilled in the art should understand that: its
It is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features
It is equivalently replaced；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention skill that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of art scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Mongolian oak cutting medium, which is characterized in that its active principle includes fungus cultivation waste fermentation material, stalk hair
Ferment object and rice husk fermentation material.
2. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 1, which is characterized in that its active principle includes that weight ratio is (1.5
~2.5): (0.7~1.3): 1 fungus cultivation waste fermentation material, stalk fermentation object and rice husk fermentation material.
3. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the fungus cultivation waste fermentation
The fermentation process of object, broad-leaved fermentation material and needle fermentation material the following steps are included:
Biological material adjusts C/N ratio after adjusting moisture content to 60%-65% as 33-38:1, and bio-fermentation agent is added and carries out
Heap fermentation is covered with the overcover that waterproof is protected from light on fermentation heap, breathes freely air dry 5-30min every 8-15h；
A) during the fermentation, the temperature of the fermentation heap is gradually heated to 65-70 DEG C and cools down again, when temperature reduces and temperature is protected
It holds and carries out first time turning at 35-45 DEG C and supplement nitrogen source；
Repeat A) carry out second of turning；
After second of turning, the temperature of the fermentation heap completes fermentation when being reduced to 15-25 DEG C；
The biological material is selected from any one of fungus cultivation waste, rice husk and stalk.
4. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the partial size of the biological material is 0.5-
2mm。
5. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the time of the heap fermentation is 36-48
It.
6. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the bio-fermentation agent is first mixed with rice bran
After add in fermentation material and ferment；
Optionally, the mass ratio of the bio-fermentation agent and the rice bran is 1:3-8；
Optionally, the additive amount of the bio-fermentation agent is the 0.08%-0.12% of the biological material weight；
Optionally, the bio-fermentation agent is Gymboree bio-fermentation agent.
7. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the overcover is tarpaulin.
8. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in terms of the total nitrogen content of fermentation material, every time
The nitrogen source of 15%-25% is supplemented when turning.
9. Mongolian oak cutting medium according to claim 8, which is characterized in that when adjusting carbon-nitrogen ratio and supplement nitrogen source,
Carried out with animal wastes；
Optionally, the animal wastes are chicken manure.
10. a kind of breeding method of Mongolian oak characterized by comprising Mongolian oak shoot cutting is any to claim 1~9
In Mongolian oak cutting medium described in, obtained Mongolian oak nursery stock is transplanted to planting site together with cutting medium.
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Application publication date: 20190111 |
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