CN108990757A - A kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight - Google Patents
A kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990757A CN108990757A CN201810793230.6A CN201810793230A CN108990757A CN 108990757 A CN108990757 A CN 108990757A CN 201810793230 A CN201810793230 A CN 201810793230A CN 108990757 A CN108990757 A CN 108990757A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substances of anti-rice seedling blight, are made of a certain proportion of vermiculite, quartz sand, clay, agaric mushroom bran, zeolite, bush mycorrhizal fungi preparation, straw decomposing object, biomass carbon, beer residue, chitosan, silkworm excrement, wood vinegar, proline, diatomite.The present invention is by matching a variety of organic and inorganic seedling raising ground substance, the physicochemical properties such as the significant bulk density, porosity, conductivity (EC) for optimizing seedling raising ground substance, pH, Main Nutrients N P and K, organic matter, the quality of rice seedling is significantly improved, damping-off disease incidence is significantly reduced；The present invention also have the characteristics that stable in physicochemical property, cheap, materials are convenient, environmental pollution is small, with rear tractable, have compared with high practicability, have a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agriculture science, in particular to the excellent raising rice seedlings base of a kind of anti-rice seedling blight
Matter.
Background technique
The traditional raising rice seedlings technology in China is crop field seedling, and when rice transplanting must carry out rice shoot and wash root transplanting, time-consuming of taking a lot of work,
And rice shoot is only suitable for planting by hand, using transplanting, then plant injury is serious, poor effect.Modern times by study developed regions, educate
Seedling technology improves to some extent, and producing the seedling-cultivation technique that upper transplanting mainly uses at present has floppy disk seedling, hard disk seedling, double film seedling
Technology etc. also increases relatively advanced industrial sprout cultivation on seedling raising method.China's the South and the North rice region seedling raising method is different, the north
Mainly based on the soil dry rice seedling of nonirrigated farmland, and south is then based on mud seedling.But in transplanting seedling it is southern and northern all there is
Many problems, uneven sowing cause during seedling growth that illumination and aeration condition are different, and rice shoot growing way is irregular, the generation machine transplanting of rice
Leakage inserts, hurts seedling, bridging and fluffy head；Crops for rotation linking with date of seeding discomfort causes the length of time rice seedlings grow too long or too short, and rice shoot is too short to be unfavorable for rice transplanting
Machine seedling claw grabs seedling, causes leakage to insert, seedling laying and drift seedling, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is too long, rice shoot aging, elongated, causes seedling laying, hurts seedling and hooks seedling, zero
Disorderly it is scattered；Moisture and fertility are superfluous, the easy excessive growth of rice shoot, cause machine transplanting of rice seedling laying, hurt seedling and hook seedling；The native peracid of bed crosses alkali, and rice shoot is long
Gesture is frail, and quality is poor；The blocked up excessively thin soil property of bed soil is bad, and blocked up, rice shoot root system is too long, and it is big to hurt seedling probability, plants rear rice shoot
It turns green slow, influences rice yield, excessively thin, rice shoot packing is poor, easily hurts seedling.These problems on transplanting influence be it is huge, thus
And cause machinery production and traditional agriculture inadaptable, make to modernize rice mechanization plant production development difficulty.
Raising rice seedlings technology is the key link of machine rice transplantation technology, and seedling raising ground substance is then the core of seedling-cultivation technique, to water
Rice machinery production has an important influence.Good matrix can be conducive to the growth of plant, protect environment, have certain physics and chemistry
Property and biological stability mainly have bulk density, porosity, conductivity, pH and main to the physical and chemical shape that crop is affected
Nutrient N P and K, organic matter and beneficial edaphon etc..Currently, seedling raising ground substance it is raw materials used be roughly divided into biomass resource and
Two kinds of minerals resource.Biomass resource is that various nutrients needed for contained plant strain growth are sufficient in the matrix of raw material, no
It is easy to run off, has stronger retain water and nutrients ability, but stability is poor；And minerals resource is steady for the matrix chemical property of raw material
Fixed, water-permeable and air permeable is good, and retain water and nutrients ability is poor, has certain buffer capacity, but too loose, rice shoot is difficult to packing and does not fall；It is raw
The advantages of physical resources and minerals mixing resource mixed-matrix utilize heterogeneity very well carrys out complementary, guarantor sufficient with nutrient
The advantages that water fertilizer-preserving ability is strong, good permeability, strong buffer capacity.
Currently, China's machine-transplanted rice mainly uses Nutrition Soil seedling, although promoting China's rice mechanical transplanting to a certain extent
The development of seedling, but it is unfavorable for China's ecological environment destruction land resources, it not can be carried out being widely applied for rice planting technology.Matrix
Seedling is able to satisfy the requirement of rice seedling plugged in by machine as a kind of Novel sprout cultivation technology, and compared with ordinary nutritional soil seedling, matrix is educated
Seedling rice shoot is vertical, mechanical operability, disease pest and weed prevention and treatment, increasing both production and income, in terms of have significant advantage.Such as
What develops a reasonable matrix formulations, it is made to meet the requirement of nursery, and the selection and screening of matrix are very important one
Link.In recent years, all kinds of new materials are used as cultivation matrix, wherein having successfully, are also no lack of failure, this
With regard to bringing a problem: how to develop a kind of stable in physicochemical property, cheap, materials are convenient, environmental pollution is small, after easily
The matrix of processing is particularly important.
Rice seedling blight is in northern cold rice region and south early rice producing region, during paddy drought seedling, rice seedling
Early stage causes destructive disease vulnerable to injury from low temperature.Caused by sickle-like bacteria, rhizoctonia synthesis, is that rice seedling is extremely incident
Disease, the cause of disease essentially consist in the factors such as temperature is low, day and night temperature is big, illumination is insufficient, soil pH value is higher, plantation is overstocked and
Sudden pathogen is infected.Mismanagement be easy to cause the rice of large area to ruin seedling, will affect the progress and production of raising rice seedlings
Amount.Damping-off occurs mainly in 2~3 leaf phases of rice dry nursery seedling, and cardinal symptom shows themselves in that bud-rot, base are rotten and Huang is withered, bud-rot
The young shoot of rice seedling or young root become brown when occurring perhaps just to be unearthed before emergence in rice seed, and sick bud-rot is rotten,
Rice seed or bastem portion generate mould layer.Base corruption occurred in the vertical needle phase to 2 leaf phases of rice seedling, and the lobus cardiacus of rice sick seedling is withered
Huang, blade are not unfolded, and the base portion of rice seedling becomes brown, sometimes foxiness on leaf sheath, and the old complaint of rice seedling gradually becomes yellowish-brown.Meeting
Generate mould layer, stem foot is weak and is easily broken off, it is rice seedling bed in the normal cluster of seedling, dead seedling in blocks.
The damping-off of rice is generally divided into pathologic damping-off and physiological damping-off.Rice seedling blight is generally not pathogenic
Caused by pathogen independence, caused by being all pathogen and weather environment synergy, the decline of rice seedling resistance is to cause
The basic reason that damping-off occurs.Pathologic damping-off is as caused by pathogen infection, mainly with rhizopus, sickle-like bacteria, silk
Based on pyrenomycetes, mucor and Helminthosporium.Its period of disease is different from symptom, and sickle-like bacteria is rendered as the root of rice seedling with stem
Then brown is gradually rotted withered；It is withered that Rhizoctonia can cause the young shoot of rice seed to rot, and the rhizome of rice seedling is presented
Brown scab out, then scab can be expanded to that blade Huang is withered, and main root becomes brown；Rhizopus can reduce the bud ratio of rice shoot, water
Rice sprouts turns yellow or yellow green, and root is short and fibrous root is reduced, while seedbed surface can generate white mustiness object；Helminthosporium is main
The young shoot of rice seed is caused to rot withered with Huang.
The ability that the anti-damping-off of rice seedling how is improved by seedling raising ground substance, becomes technical problem urgently to be resolved,
Also become the key point of prevention damping-off, seedling quality is directly related to the efficiency of Later Stage of Rice Production of Large Fields and to disease and insect resistance
Ability, so researching and developing a kind of can resist the seedling raising ground substance of rice seedling blight to have become the technology that must be solved in Rice Production to ask
Topic.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention: being directed to various problems present in current seedling raising ground substance selection and screening,
A kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight is provided, to cultivate the rice seedling for meeting mechanized planting requirement,
Meanwhile during seedling, seedling quality is improved by seedling raising ground substance, reduces the disease incidence of damping-off.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides technical solution below:
A kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight, the component comprising following parts by weight: 10~30 parts of vermiculite,
5~20 parts of quartz sand, 10~40 parts of clay, 10~30 parts of agaric mushroom bran, 10~30 parts of zeolite, bush mycorrhizal fungi preparation 1~
10 parts, 10~50 parts of straw decomposing object, 5~25 parts of biomass carbon, 2~20 parts of beer residue, 5~15 parts of chitosan, silkworm excrement 10~
20 parts, 20~40 parts of wood vinegar, 1~10 part of proline, 20~50 parts of diatomite.
Preferably, a kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight, the component comprising following parts by weight: vermiculite 20
Part, 13 parts of quartz sand, 25 parts of clay, 20 parts of agaric mushroom bran, 20 parts of zeolite, 6 parts of bush mycorrhizal fungi preparation, straw decomposing object 30
Part, 15 parts of biomass carbon, 12 parts of beer residue, 10 parts of chitosan, 15 parts of silkworm excrement, 30 parts of wood vinegar, 5 parts of proline, diatomite 35
Part.
Preferably, the 0.5~1mm of quartz sand particle size；1~2mm of vermiculite partial size；Zeolite be rectangle zeolite, partial size 1~
3mm；Clay is kaolin or halloysite；Beer residue partial size is 0.5~1mm；In diatomite available silicon content be 35~
65%.
Preferably, the agaric mushroom bran is the hot fermentation product of agaric bacteria residue, rice husk and pig manure, fermentation preparation
Are as follows:
(1) it is placed in fermentation tank after mixing fresh agaric bacteria residue and rice husk in 5:1 ratio, 10~20% pig manures of addition will
Carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25~35；
(2) the hot fermentation composite bacteria agent for accessing 6~10wt of fermentation substrate ‰, mixes, and adjusts moisture content to 55%, adopts
PH to 6.5~7.5 is adjusted with calcium superphosphate；
(3) heap temperature and environment temperature 1 time, every turning in 2 days 1 time of preceding 14d, every 4d turning 1 time of rear 16d are measured daily,
After common fermentation 30d, fermentation is terminated；
(4) it is crushed after air-drying the agaric mushroom bran after fermentation, it is spare to cross 1.5mm sieve.
Preferably, the wood vinegar the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(A) tree branches are closely placed in charcoal kiln, the branch in charcoal kiln center is ignited, smoldering 12h；
(B) condenser pipe is set in smoke outlet, makes flue gas condensing liquid, collecting is crude wood vinegar；
(C) crude wood vinegar stands 6~10 months, and upper layer light oil is removed, middle layer liquid is taken；
(D) active carbon of 3~10wt% is added, is stood after being sufficiently mixed for 24 hours, double-layer filter paper filtering and collecting filter liquid makes
With it is preceding by filtrate with clear water dilute 100 times it is spare.
Preferably, the type of the trees includes at least one of apricot, ginkgo, peach, walnut, tea tree.
It is that the present invention obtains the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention by matching a variety of organic and inorganic seedling raising ground substance, significantly optimize the bulk density of seedling raising ground substance, porosity,
The physicochemical properties such as conductivity (EC), pH, Main Nutrients N P and K, organic matter, significantly improve the quality of rice seedling, effectively drop
The low disease incidence of rice seedling blight improves nursery production efficiency；The present invention also have stable in physicochemical property, it is cheap, take
Material is convenient, environmental pollution is small, is had a extensive future with rear tractable feature with compared with high practicability.
Specific embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail, with side
Those skilled in the art is helped to have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to inventive concept of the invention, technical solution.
Following material can be obtained unless otherwise specified by purchase.
Embodiment 1: rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as follows:
The group of seedling raising ground substance is divided into (in parts by weight):
20 parts of partial size 1.5mm vermiculite, 13 parts of partial size 0.7mm quartz sand, 25 parts of kaolin, 20 parts of agaric mushroom bran, partial size 2mm
20 parts of rectangle zeolite, 6 parts of bush mycorrhizal fungi preparation, 30 parts of straw decomposing object, 15 parts of biomass carbon, partial size are 0.8mm beer
12 parts of slag, 10 parts of chitosan, 15 parts of silkworm excrement, 30 parts of wood vinegar, 5 parts of proline, 35 parts of diatomite that available silicon content is 50%.
Preparation method:
(1) pile fermentation 15d in straw decomposing object is added in beer residue and silkworm excrement, it is standby that fermentation material crosses 2mm sieve after drying
With；
(2) the fermentation preparation of agaric mushroom bran:
(A) it is placed in fermentation tank after mixing fresh agaric bacteria residue by 5:1 weight ratio with rice husk, addition 15wt% pig manure will
Carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 30；
(B) the hot fermentation composite bacteria agent for accessing fermentation substrate 8wt ‰, mixes, and adjusts moisture content to 55%, used
Calcium phosphate adjusts pH to 7.0；
(C) heap temperature and environment temperature 1 time, every turning in 2 days 1 time of preceding 14d, every 4d turning 1 time of rear 16d are measured daily,
After common fermentation 30d, fermentation is terminated；
(D) it is crushed after air-drying the agaric mushroom bran after fermentation, it is spare to cross 1.5mm sieve.
(3) preparation of wood vinegar:
(A) walnut or tea tree branch are closely placed in charcoal kiln, the branch in charcoal kiln center is ignited, smoldering
12h；
(B) condenser pipe is set in smoke outlet, makes flue gas condensing liquid, collecting is crude wood vinegar；
(C) crude wood vinegar stands 8 months, and upper layer light oil is removed, middle layer liquid is taken；
(D) active carbon of 7wt% is added, is stood after being sufficiently mixed for 24 hours, double-layer filter paper filtering and collecting filter liquid, before use
Filtrate is spare with 100 times of clear water dilution.
(4) proline and chitosan are added into wood vinegar, and that dissolution is sufficiently stirred is spare；
(5) other components in addition to wood vinegar, proline, chitosan are sufficiently mixed, the solution in step (4) is uniform
It is sprayed on mixture, all components are distributed into spare in seedling-cultivation plate after being sufficiently mixed；
Embodiment 2: rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as follows:
The group of seedling raising ground substance is divided into (in parts by weight):
10 parts of partial size 1mm vermiculite, 5 parts of partial size 0.5mm quartz sand, 10 parts of clay, 10 parts of agaric mushroom bran, the rectangle partial size 1mm
10 parts of zeolite, 1 part of bush mycorrhizal fungi preparation, 10 parts of straw decomposing object, 5 parts of biomass carbon, partial size be 2 parts of 0.5mm beer residue,
5 parts of chitosan, 10 parts of silkworm excrement, 20 parts of wood vinegar, 1 part of proline, 20 parts of diatomite that available silicon content is 35%.
Preparation method:
(1) pile fermentation 15d in straw decomposing object is added in beer residue and silkworm excrement, it is standby that fermentation material crosses 2mm sieve after drying
With；
(2) the fermentation preparation of agaric mushroom bran:
(A) it is placed in fermentation tank after mixing fresh agaric bacteria residue by 5:1 weight ratio with rice husk, addition 10wt% pig manure will
Carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25；
(B) the hot fermentation composite bacteria agent for accessing fermentation substrate 6wt ‰, mixes, and adjusts moisture content to 55%, used
Calcium phosphate adjusts pH to 6.5；
(C) heap temperature and environment temperature 1 time, every turning in 2 days 1 time of preceding 14d, every 4d turning 1 time of rear 16d are measured daily,
After common fermentation 30d, fermentation is terminated；
(D) it is crushed after air-drying the agaric mushroom bran after fermentation, it is spare to cross 1.5mm sieve.
(3) preparation of wood vinegar:
(E) apricot or ginkgo branch are closely placed in charcoal kiln, the branch in charcoal kiln center is ignited, smoldering
12h；
(F) condenser pipe is set in smoke outlet, makes flue gas condensing liquid, collecting is crude wood vinegar；
(G) crude wood vinegar stands 6 months, and upper layer light oil is removed, middle layer liquid is taken；
(H) active carbon of 3wt% is added, is stood after being sufficiently mixed for 24 hours, double-layer filter paper filtering and collecting filter liquid, before use
Filtrate is spare with 100 times of clear water dilution.
(4) proline and chitosan are added into wood vinegar, and that dissolution is sufficiently stirred is spare；
(5) other components in addition to wood vinegar, proline, chitosan are sufficiently mixed, the solution in step (4) is uniform
It is sprayed on mixture, all components are distributed into spare in seedling-cultivation plate after being sufficiently mixed；
Embodiment 3: rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as follows:
The group of seedling raising ground substance is divided into (in parts by weight):
30 parts of partial size 2mm vermiculite, 20 parts of partial size 1mm quartz sand, 40 parts of clay, 30 parts of agaric mushroom bran, the boiling of the rectangle partial size 3mm
30 parts of stone, 10 parts of bush mycorrhizal fungi preparation, 50 parts of straw decomposing object, 25 parts of biomass carbon, partial size be 20 parts of 1mm beer residue,
15 parts of chitosan, 20 parts of silkworm excrement, 40 parts of wood vinegar, 10 parts of proline, 50 parts of diatomite that available silicon content is 65%.
Preparation method:
(1) pile fermentation 15d in straw decomposing object is added in beer residue and silkworm excrement, it is standby that fermentation material crosses 2mm sieve after drying
With；
(2) the fermentation preparation of agaric mushroom bran:
(A) it is placed in fermentation tank after mixing fresh agaric bacteria residue and rice husk in 5:1 ratio, adds 20wt% pig manure for carbon
Nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 35；
(B) the hot fermentation composite bacteria agent for accessing fermentation substrate 10wt ‰, mixes, and adjusts moisture content to 55%, uses
Calcium superphosphate adjusts pH to 7.5；
(C) heap temperature and environment temperature 1 time, every turning in 2 days 1 time of preceding 14d, every 4d turning 1 time of rear 16d are measured daily,
After common fermentation 30d, fermentation is terminated；
(D) it is crushed after air-drying the agaric mushroom bran after fermentation, it is spare to cross 1.5mm sieve.
(3) preparation of wood vinegar:
(I) walnut or tea tree branch are closely placed in charcoal kiln, the branch in charcoal kiln center is ignited, smoldering
12h；
(J) condenser pipe is set in smoke outlet, makes flue gas condensing liquid, collecting is crude wood vinegar；
(K) crude wood vinegar stands 10 months, and upper layer light oil is removed, middle layer liquid is taken；
(L) active carbon of 10wt% is added, is stood after being sufficiently mixed for 24 hours, double-layer filter paper filtering and collecting filter liquid, before use
Filtrate is spare with 100 times of clear water dilution.
(4) proline and chitosan are added into wood vinegar, and that dissolution is sufficiently stirred is spare；
(5) other components in addition to wood vinegar, proline, chitosan are sufficiently mixed, the solution in step (4) is uniform
It is sprayed on mixture, all components are distributed into spare in seedling-cultivation plate after being sufficiently mixed；
Using seedling Nutrition Soil as control, the physicochemical property for the seedling raising ground substance prepared in embodiment 1-3 is measured, method is such as
Under:
Each bulk density, total porosity, conductivity, pH value and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen for repeating matrix, speed are measured before sowing respectively
Imitate phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter.Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter the specific experimental working technique of measurement refer to Bao scholar
Denier edits " Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry " fourth edition (Bao Shidan, 2007).Bulk density and total porosity measurement using core cutter method with specific reference to
(1983) soil weight such as Liu Duosen and porosity determination method.Using plum Teller pH meter, (measuring method is referring to international for pH measurement
Standard " measurement of soil quality-pH " ISO10390), conductivity (EC) measurement uses DDS-11A type conductivity gauge.
As a result as follows:
The physicochemical property of the different rice seedling raising ground substances of table 1
Note: processing 1-3 is embodiment 1-3, and processing 4 is blank control Nutrition Soil.
Every physicochemical property of each matrix in embodiment 1-3 is obviously improved compared with control group, hence it is evident that is better than Nutrition Soil.
Total porosity in preferred embodiment reaches 69.22%, is conducive to the stretching, extension of rice shoot root system, separates seedlings or planting convenient for subsequent machinery slotting
Seedling；Conductivity raising shows that rate of cation exchange is promoted, and inorganic mineral element dissolution is conducive to rice shoot and absorbs；PH neutrality meta-acid, and
Rice likes neutral meta-acid, so being more suitable for raising rice seedlings, being substantially improved for various nutriments is conducive to rice shoot after taking root, and inserts
The Rapid Accumulation of biomass before seedling achievees the effect that strong sprout, promotes resistance.
Using seedling Nutrition Soil as control, comparing embodiment 1-3 different ratio matrix is to rice shoot, and the specific method is as follows:
Rice varieties use " imperial round-grained rice 67 ", full random alignment, using plastics seedling-cultivation plate, seedling-cultivation plate specification 60cm × 30cm
× 4cm, solarium cement flooring is without seedbed.Host material is sufficiently mixed by ratio using artificial hybrid mode, every disk base material is used
4.5kg is measured, seedling pan bottom matrix 3cm earthing 0.5cm, every dry bud paddy of disk application rate 165g, hereafter daily artificial watering keeps base
Matter is wet, since matrix nutrition condition is more sufficient, does not apply fertilizer during culture.
18 days (one heart stages of two leaves) after planting, measure rice shoot character.Measure 20 plants of rice shoot strains that each repetition is randomly selected
It is high, stem foot is wide, leaf age, SPAD value (being measured using the portable chlorophyll meter of SPAR-502Plus), leaf area (it is long × wide ×
0.75), (every repetition randomly selects 20 plants of rice shoot, after whole root systems are cut in tap water for every plant of indefinite radical, root of hair ability
Culture, water planting basin alms bowl inner sleeve polybag fix rice shoot with punching round plastic foam, and 20 plants of rice shoots of every basin culture are put in room
It is cultivated under outer natural conditions, 7d measures the radical of every plant of rice shoot kainogenesis after water planting).100 plants of measurements are randomly selected in each repetition
Plant fresh weight, overground part dry weight, underground part dry weight.Each replication root system disk knot power measuring method is with reference to Qu Tingguang etc.
(2003) root system disk knot power measuring method.
2 Different Raising Seedling matrix seedlings character of table
Table 2 is statistics indicate that the rice shoot cultivated using the matrix of embodiment 1-3 remainder data value in addition to root system disk knot power is high
In conventional nutraceutical soil, show that the total quality of rice shoot is significantly higher than Nutrition Soil rice shoot, and root system disk knot power mainly serves for ensuring seedling
Seedling does not dissipate disk in mobile and cargo handling process, and convenient for playing a seedling, framing up, separate seedlings or planting, the machine transplanting of rice, this conclusion is in nutrition seedlings and soil
Obtain, under the conditions of seedling raising ground substance, the density ratio soil of matrix is small, actual packing power should with ensure seedling block mobile and
Cargo handling process does not dissipate disk, and rice shoot is kept not fall uprightly during planting.In actual application, although embodiment 1-
Although the 3 rice shoot disk knot power cultivated are less than Nutrition Soil, well developed root system, toughness is strong, is still able to satisfy the requirements of the machine transplanting of rice.
The production performance of comparing embodiment 1-3 mesostroma, the method is as follows:
The production performance of matrix mainly measures every 50cm2Seedling number, 1cm3 volume matrix produce rice shoot weight.Each repetition with
Machine, which takes, measures every 50cm at three2Seedling number,
1cm3Volume matrix production rice shoot weight=measure rice shoot fresh weight/correspondence first wife in matrix compares matrix volume
As a result as follows:
The production performance of 3 different ratio matrix of table
| Processing | 1cm3Rice shoot fresh weight (g) in matrix | 50cm2Rice shoot number (strain) |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.199 | 165.3 |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.164 | 159.8 |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.182 | 163.7 |
| Nutrition Soil | 0.149 | 141.7 |
Table 3 is statistics indicate that the rice shoot weight and strain number that the seedling raising ground substance of unit volume produces are superior to conventional nutraceutical soil, life
High-efficient, production cost of making thinner is produced, manpower is saved, can be used for large batch of batch production rice shoot production.
The seedling raising ground substance prepared in embodiment 1-3 is tested rice seedling blight inhibitory effect and result is as follows:
Rice varieties use " imperial round-grained rice 67 ", full random alignment, using plastics seedling-cultivation plate, seedling-cultivation plate specification 60cm × 30cm
× 4cm, solarium cement flooring is without seedbed.Using the seedling raising ground substance prepared in embodiment 1-3, every disk base material dosage 4.5kg, seedling disk
Bottom substrates 3cm earthing 0.5cm, every dry bud paddy of disk application rate 250g go to seedling-cultivation plate in nursery box, 25 DEG C of constant temperature cultures,
Hereafter daily artificial watering is not applied fertilizer during culture to being saturated, daily illumination 6h, dark 18h.Strong seedling agent group and blank pair are set
According to group, Nutrition Soil is all made of as matrix, chemistry is strengthened seedling after seedling agent mixes in proportion with Nutrition Soil, blank pair by strong seedling agent group
According to without any processing, seedling raising ground substance of other rearing conditions with embodiment 1-3 of group.Every 7 days statistics damping-off sick seedling rates calculate
Damping-off inhibitory effect, formula are as follows:
Sick seedling rate (%)=morbidity rice shoot number/total seedling number × 100%
Inhibitory effect (%)=(CK sick seedling rate-processing sick seedling rate)/CK sick seedling rate × 100%
Inhibiting rate (%) of the 4 Different Raising Seedling matrix of table to rice seedling damping-off
| Processing | 7d | 14d | 21d | 28d | 35d |
| Strong seedling agent | 18.98 | 31.30 | 37.84 | 46.77 | 55.64 |
| Embodiment 1 | 36.12 | 59.21 | 63.88 | 75.64 | 89.62 |
| Embodiment 2 | 23.14 | 39.65 | 48.82 | 56.77 | 65.33 |
| Embodiment 3 | 37.84 | 55.39 | 70.16 | 77.68 | 88.37 |
4 data of table show that embodiment 1-3 effectively inhibits the generation of nursery stage damping-off, and maximal percentage inhibition is reachable
89.62, it is considerably better than strong seedling agent in the inhibitory effect of different times, shows the work for efficiently inhibiting rice seedling damping-off
With.
In conclusion the present invention significantly optimizes the appearance of seedling raising ground substance by matching a variety of organic and inorganic seedling raising ground substance
The physicochemical properties such as weight, porosity, conductivity (EC), pH, Main Nutrients N P and K, organic matter, significantly improve rice seedling
Quality effectively inhibits the generation of damping-off, improves nursery production efficiency；The present invention also have stable in physicochemical property, it is cheap,
Materials are convenient, environmental pollution is small, are had a extensive future with rear tractable feature with compared with high practicability.
The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all
According to the technical idea provided by the invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within；The technology that the present invention is not directed to can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight, which is characterized in that the component comprising following parts by weight: vermiculite
10~30 parts, 5~20 parts of quartz sand, 10~40 parts of clay, 10~30 parts of agaric mushroom bran, 10~30 parts of zeolite, arbuscular mycorrhiza it is true
1~10 part of bacteria agent, 10~50 parts of straw decomposing object, 5~25 parts of biomass carbon, 2~20 parts of beer residue, 5~15 parts of chitosan,
10~20 parts of silkworm excrement, 20~40 parts of wood vinegar, 1~10 part of proline, 20~50 parts of diatomite.
2. a kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight according to claim 1, which is characterized in that include following weight
Measure the component of part: 20 parts of vermiculite, 13 parts of quartz sand, 25 parts of clay, 20 parts of agaric mushroom bran, 20 parts of zeolite, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi bacterium
6 parts of agent, 30 parts of straw decomposing object, 15 parts of biomass carbon, 12 parts of beer residue, 10 parts of chitosan, 15 parts of silkworm excrement, 30 parts of wood vinegar,
5 parts of proline, 35 parts of diatomite.
3. a kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the quartz sand
0.5~1mm of partial size；1~2mm of vermiculite partial size；Zeolite is rectangle zeolite, 1~3mm of partial size；Clay is kaolin or more water kaolinites
Soil；Beer residue partial size is 0.5~1mm；Available silicon content is 35~65% in diatomite.
4. a kind of excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the agaric fungus
Chaff is the hot fermentation product of agaric bacteria residue, rice husk and pig manure, fermentation preparation are as follows:
(1) it is placed in fermentation tank after mixing fresh agaric bacteria residue and rice husk in 5:1 ratio, adds 10~20% pig manures for carbon nitrogen
Than being adjusted to 25~35；
(2) the hot fermentation composite bacteria agent for accessing 6~10wt of fermentation substrate ‰, mixes, and adjusts moisture content to 55%, used
Calcium phosphate adjusts pH to 6.5~7.5；
(3) heap temperature and environment temperature 1 time, every turning in 2 days 1 time of preceding 14d, every 4d turning 1 time of rear 16d are measured daily, are sent out altogether
After ferment 30d, fermentation is terminated；
(4) it is crushed after air-drying the agaric mushroom bran after fermentation, it is spare to cross 1.5mm sieve.
5. according to the excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight a kind of in claim 4, which is characterized in that the wood vinegar
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(A) tree branches are closely placed in charcoal kiln, the branch in charcoal kiln center is ignited, smoldering 12h；
(B) condenser pipe is set in smoke outlet, makes flue gas condensing liquid, collecting is crude wood vinegar；
(C) crude wood vinegar stands 6~10 months, and upper layer light oil is removed, middle layer liquid is taken；
(D) active carbon of 3~10wt% is added, is stood after being sufficiently mixed for 24 hours, double-layer filter paper filtering and collecting filter liquid, before use
Filtrate is spare with 100 times of clear water dilution.
6. according to the excellent rice seedling raising ground substance of anti-rice seedling blight a kind of in claim 5, it is characterised in that: the trees
Type includes at least one of apricot, ginkgo, peach, walnut, tea tree.
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