CN103145497B - Novel mushroom residue and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) culture medium, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Novel mushroom residue and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) culture medium, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103145497B CN103145497B CN201310072037.0A CN201310072037A CN103145497B CN 103145497 B CN103145497 B CN 103145497B CN 201310072037 A CN201310072037 A CN 201310072037A CN 103145497 B CN103145497 B CN 103145497B
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel mushroom residue and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) culture medium, and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method mainly comprises the steps of: inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with mushroom residues so as to prepare the mushroom residue and AMF culture medium; planting tomato, strawberry or onion seedlings on the medium so as to grow and culture vegetables; after the vegetable growing seasons are finished, reusing the medium which cultures vegetables as an AMF inoculation agent and a soil organic additive, and applying the medium to protect soil. The organic matter, AMF inoculation material and mineral contents in the soil can be increased, soil physical and chemical properties are improved, and soil fertility is increased; plant growth is stimulated, yield is increased, and quality is improved; and the purposes of efficient mushroom residue recycling, environmental protection, agricultural sustainable production promotion and circular economy are realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of protection of natural resources and environment, be specifically related to novel cultivation matrix of a kind of bacterium chaff+AMF and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Edible mushrooms is the general name that a class has the edible macro fungi of nutritive value, pharmaceutical use and economic worth.The scale operation of edible mushrooms, had both met the heavy demand of people to food, had driven again expanding economy.At present, the development of countries in the world mushroom industry grows stronger day by day.But along with the continuous expansion of Edible Fungi scale, solid medium discarded in Edible Fungi process and the quantity of bacterium chaff also get more and more.Investigation shows, the edible mushrooms often producing 1kg is about producing strains chaff 3.25kg.According to statistics, the generation of Dutch bacterium chaff reaches 2.1 × 10 every year
6m
3; The U.S. 3.4 × 10
6m
3; City, border 19 × 10, Ireland
5m
3.And China is as the maximum country of edible mushrooms output, annual bacterium chaff turnout about 7,000,000 tons.At present, most of bacterium chaff is arbitrarily abandoned becomes rubbish, not only contaminate environment, and the breeding ground becoming multiple harmful microorganism, fly, mosquito etc., the health of harm people, also makes the disease and pest of edible mushrooms occur rampant, affects the development of regenerative ratio.Therefore, the recycling solving bacterium chaff is very urgent, significant to the development of China's recycling economy.
Carry out the recycling research to bacterium chaff both at home and abroad.Bacterium chaff is mainly used for the secondary cultivation of edible mushrooms, is processed into animal-feed and fertilizer, extraction plant modifying agent, as fuel etc.Such as, the bacterium chaff cultivating drumstick mushroom of Pleurotus nebrodensis and needle mushroom is utilized; Bacterium chaff alternative part cottonseed shell cultivation Pleurotus eryngii, but due to application cost and process relative complex and be seldom committed to practice.
In fact, by the decomposition of edible mushrooms to culture material, improve the Mineral Elements Content such as N, P, K in bacterium chaff.Jordan etc. (2008) measure Hibernian multiple bacterium chaff nutritive ingredient.Result shows, 15 kinds of bacterium chaffs contain a large amount of N, P, K(N:P:K=1.3:1:1.1) etc. can be supplied to nutrient needed for plant-growth.Meanwhile, the 15 kinds of bacterium chaff calcic mean values measured are 28g/kg, can be used as the adding material of soil stabilizer.Visible, the effect and the feasibility that bacterium chaff are used as fertilizer are worth test further.Particularly there is the problems such as a large amount of inorganic salt, remains of pesticide, heavy metal and harmful microorganism in bacterium chaff and may limit its recycling.Therefore, the new way that addresses these problems of necessary exploration.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides novel cultivation matrix of a kind of bacterium chaff+AMF and its preparation method and application, culture medium waste in existing solution Edible Fungi can be increased and pile up the method for the problem such as contaminate environment and land occupation.The present invention utilizes AMF to increase culture medium waste recycling efficiency in Edible Fungi, reduce environmental pollution and land occupation, raising efficiency of cycling economy.
For reaching the object solved the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The novel cultivation matrix of a kind of bacterium chaff+AMF is AMF microbial inoculum: bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix is made in bacterium chaff=1:8 ~ 12 mixing, and described AMF microbial inoculum bacteria containing amount is 15000 ~ 20000IPU L by volume
-1.
Further improvement to technique scheme: described AMF is Glomus intraradices.
Further improvement to technique scheme: described bacterium chaff is one or more in flat mushroom bacterium chaff, Lentinus Edodes fungus chaff or golden mushroom chaff.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of the described novel cultivation matrix of bacterium chaff+AMF, comprise the following steps:
(1) AMF microbial inoculum is prepared: selected inclusion-free thin river sand and clay, be thin river sand by volume: clay=5:2 ~ 1 mixes, be AMF culture medium after moist heat sterilization, AMF inoculum to be added in above-mentioned culture medium and to sow tobacco and/or trifolium, in warm indoor cultivation; Cultivate and gather in the crops matrix and root system after 3 ~ 4 months, adjustment inoculum IPU quantity is 15000 ~ 20000IPU L
-1for subsequent use;
(2) preparing bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix: after fragmentation of being become thoroughly decomposed by bacterium chaff, is AMF microbial inoculum by volume: bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix is made in bacterium chaff=1:8 ~ 12 mixing, and described AMF microbial inoculum bacteria containing amount is 15000 ~ 20000IPU L
-1.
Further improvement to technique scheme: in described step (1), AMF spore is added spore/2, culture medium to 500 ~ 1000 ~ 3L matrix.
Further improvement to technique scheme: in described step (2), culture condition is natural lighting condition; Diurnal temperature is respectively 25 ~ 30 DEG C and 12 ~ 15 DEG C; Within every two weeks, apply the Hoagland nutritive medium of 20% ~ 30%.
Present invention also offers the described novel cultivation matrix of bacterium chaff+AMF in the purposes as Vegetable culture medium or soil additive.
Concrete using method is as follows:
(1) be colonizated in by the vegetable seedling of 3 ~ 4 leaf seedling ages in described bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix respectively, make its normal growth grow, Growing season terminates its cultivation matrix of rear collection, for recycling;
(2) by above-mentioned culturing vegetable with the cultivation matrix of rear collection with 5L m
-2apply in protecting field soil, and then field planting fruit or vegetables.
Further improvement to technique scheme: described vegetable seedling is one or more in tomato, strawberry and onion seedling.
Further improvement to technique scheme: described fruit is watermelon, described vegetables are cucumber.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and positively effect are:
1. the present invention is with solid medium discarded in Edible Fungi and bacterium chaff for matrix, adds AMF, is prepared into soilless cultivation matrix, i.e. bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix.Described bush mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has and improves soil physico-chemical characteristic, poisonous machine organism of degrading, repairs and pollute and the effect such as degenerated soil, raising plant anti-salt, disease resistance.First culturing vegetable in this novel cultivation matrix; Again using the matrix after culturing vegetable as AMF Inoculant and soil organic additive, with the amount of application of every square metre of soil 5L, make an addition in field soil.The present invention, by AMF and bacterium chaff combination treatment, carries out bacterium chaff cycling and reutilization.The results showed, bacterium chaff, through twice recycling, not only increases soil with organic matter, AMF inoculum and content of mineral substances; Improve soil physical and chemical property and soil fertility; Promote vegetable growth, increase yield, oil recovery enhancement, reach that bacterium chaff efficiently recycles, protection of the environment, promotion agricultural Sustainable Production, realize the object of recycling economy.The present invention has enriched the biological technical field of China's recycling economy, low-carbon environment-friendly and Sustainable development.
2. the present invention with Edible Fungi waste material for material, simple and easy to get, cost is lower, and be not subject to seasonal restrictions; Inoculation technique is simple.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment utilizes the method for the novel cultivation matrix cycling and reutilization of described bacterium chaff+AMF to comprise the steps:
1, the novel cultivation matrix of bacterium chaff+AMF is prepared
The selected thin river sand crossing 2mm sieve without any impurity and clay, by thin river sand: clay=5:2 ~ 1(volume ratio) mixing, after moist heat sterilization as AMF culture medium, by Glomus intraradices (Glomus intaradices) (Qingdao Agricultural University's separating and preserving, deposit number: Gi95) 500 ~ 1000 spores to add in above-mentioned 2 ~ 3L culture medium and to sow tobacco and trifolium, in warm indoor cultivation: natural lighting condition; Diurnal temperature is respectively 25 ~ 30 DEG C and 12 ~ 15 DEG C; Water as required; Within every two weeks, apply the Hoagland nutritive medium of 20% ~ 30%.Other all adopt Routine Management.Cultivate and gather in the crops matrix and root system after 3 ~ 4 months.Adjustment inoculum IPU quantity is 20000IPU L
-1for subsequent use;
Gather one or more in flat mushroom bacterium chaff, Lentinus Edodes fungus chaff or the golden mushroom chaff discarded edible mushrooms field respectively.Flat mushroom bacterium chaff main component is Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae or corn cob; Lentinus Edodes fungus chaff is mainly willow wood chip; Golden mushroom chaff is mainly corn cob.After stack retting becomes thoroughly decomposed fragmentation, by Glomus intraradices microbial inoculum: bacterium chaff=1:10(volume ratio), be 20000IPU L by content
-1glomus intraradices and bacterium chaff mix, be prepared into bacterium chaff+AMF soilless culture substrate.
2, bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix cultivated tomato is utilized
The tomato seedling of 3 ~ 4 leaf seedling ages is colonizated in above-mentioned soilless culture substrate, not inoculate the bacterium chaff of AMF for contrast, carries out outdoor or greenhouse tomato cultivation and production.Natural lighting is adopted in whole cultivation; Diurnal temperature is respectively 27 ~ 32 DEG C and 15 ~ 17 DEG C; Water as required, deinsectization and diseases prevention; But suitably control water, do not execute any chemical fertilizer fertile, the Growing season later stage suitably can supplement 30% ~ 50%Hoagland nutritive medium as required.Results of regular determination tomato Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, vine growth and development situation and tamato fruit output (table 1).Growing season terminates its cultivation matrix of rear collection, adopts conventional instrument analytical procedure to measure (tables 2) such as this substrate pH, mineral substance nutrient content, AMF Inoculum potential units; For subsequent use.
The experimental result of bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix cultivated tomato is utilized to show: tomato seedling is colonizated in without the need to slow seedling after bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix, surviving rate 100%, and contrasts needs 3 ~ 4 days seedling-slowing stages, and surviving rate is 83.1%; Individual plant No. of inflorescences and the output of inoculation process are all significantly higher than contrast (table 1).
Table 1 bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix is on the impact of tomato Mycorrhizal Development, growth and output
Note: in table, bacterium chaff is solid medium discarded during flat mushroom is produced; AMF=Glomus intaradices
Physicochemical property after table 2 bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix cultivated tomato and AMF inoculum quantity
Note: in table, bacterium chaff is solid medium discarded during flat mushroom is produced; AMF=Glomus intaradices
3, protecting field field test
Select green house of vegetables as test plot, set up and apply cultivated tomato bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix excessively and do not apply to contrast (CK) each 3 communities (namely repeating 3 times), each plot area 20m
2.Using the matrix used after above-mentioned cultivated tomato as AMF Inoculant and soil organic additive, with 5L m
-2apply in protecting field soil, by the glad No. 4 watermelon seedlings (commercially available) in certain seeding row spacing field planting capital, every 666m
2booth area cultivation 600 ~ 800.Deep placement chicken manure 5t/667m before seedling replanting
2, do not execute in whole cultivation or the quick-acting chemical fertilizer of Shaoshi; In whole cultivation, rich water consumption is 1/2 of conventional amount used, and agricultural chemicals is 1/3 of conventional amount used, as required irrigation, deinsectization, diseases prevention etc., and other adopt conventional cultivation management, until results watermelon.Measure watermelon Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, vine growth and development situation, the yield of watermelon, watermelon saccharinity and Vc content (table 3) etc.Growing season terminates rear employing conventional instrument analytical procedure and measures plastic shed soil physicochemical character.
The measurement result of the bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix recycling that cultivated tomato is crossed shows: in the bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix that cultivated tomato is crossed, the Inoculum potential of AMF inoculum can reach 15000-30000IPU L
-1bacterium chaff.Therefore, can continue to utilize as AMF Inoculant and soil organic additive.Test shows, be colonizated in watermelon seedlings in the bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix community applying cultivated tomato mistake without the need to slow seedling, surviving rate 100%, and contrast needs 2 ~ 4 days seedling-slowing stages, surviving rate is 86.4%; The yield of watermelon of process community is 1.1 ~ 1.37 times of contrast; Quality of watermelon and soil physical and chemical property also significantly improve (table 2).
The flat mushroom bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix that table 3 cultivated tomato is crossed is on the impact of the yield of watermelon, quality and soil physico-chemical characteristic
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment utilizes the method for the novel cultivation matrix cycling and reutilization of described bacterium chaff+AMF to comprise the steps:
1. the selected thin river sand crossing 2mm sieve without any impurity and clay, by thin river sand: clay=5:2 ~ 1(volume ratio) mixing, after moist heat sterilization as AMF culture medium, by Glomus intraradices (Glomus intaradices) (Qingdao Agricultural University's separating and preserving, deposit number: Gi95) 500 ~ 1000 spores to add in above-mentioned 2 ~ 3L culture medium and to sow tobacco and trifolium, in warm indoor cultivation, natural lighting condition; Diurnal temperature is 25 ~ 30-12 ~ 15 DEG C; Water as required; Within every two weeks, apply the Hoagland nutritive medium of 20% ~ 30%.Other all adopt Routine Management.Cultivate and gather in the crops matrix and root system after 3 ~ 4 months.Adjustment inoculum IPU quantity is 15000IPU L
-1for subsequent use;
Gather edible mushrooms field discarded flat mushroom bacterium chaff, Lentinus Edodes fungus chaff and golden mushroom chaff respectively.Flat mushroom bacterium chaff main component is Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae or corn cob; Lentinus Edodes fungus chaff is mainly willow wood chip; Golden mushroom chaff is mainly corn cob.After stack retting becomes thoroughly decomposed fragmentation, by Glomus intraradices microbial inoculum: bacterium chaff=1:10(volume ratio), be 15000IPU L by content
-1glomus intraradices and bacterium chaff mix, be prepared into bacterium chaff+AMF soilless culture substrate.
2, bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix is utilized to cultivate the effect of onion
By onion Seeding planting in above-mentioned soilless culture substrate, not inoculate the bacterium chaff of AMF for contrast, carry out outdoor or greenhouse onion cultivation and production.Natural lighting is adopted in whole cultivation; Diurnal temperature is 27 ~ 32-15 ~ 17 DEG C; Water as required, deinsectization and diseases prevention; But suitably control water, do not execute any chemical fertilizer fertile, the Growing season later stage suitably can supplement 30% ~ 50%Hoagland nutritive medium as required.Results of regular determination onion Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, vine growth and development situation and onion yield (table 4).Growing season terminates its cultivation matrix of rear collection, adopts conventional instrument analytical procedure to measure (tables 5) such as this substrate pH, mineral substance nutrient content, AMF Inoculum potential units; For subsequent use.
The experimental result of effect utilizing bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix to cultivate onion shows: onion Seeding planting after bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix without the need to slow seedling, surviving rate 100%, and contrast needs 3 ~ 4 days seedling-slowing stages, surviving rate is 88.4%; The single plant yield of inoculation process is all significantly higher than contrast (table 6).
Table 4 bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix is on the impact of onion Mycorrhizal Development, growth and output
Note: in table, bacterium chaff is solid medium discarded during flat mushroom is produced; AMF=Glomus intaradice
Physicochemical property after table 5 bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix cultivation onion and AMF inoculum quantity
Note: in table, bacterium chaff is solid medium discarded during flat mushroom is produced; AMF=Glomus intaradices
2. protecting field field test
Select suitable booth as test plot, set up bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix (the 5L m used after applying cultivation onion
-2) with do not apply to contrast (CK) each 3 communities (namely repeating 3 times), each plot area 20m
2.By certain seeding row spacing field planting cucumber melon seedling, every 666m
2booth area cultivates 3000.Deep placement chicken manure 4t/667m before seedling replanting
2, do not execute in whole cultivation or the quick-acting chemical fertilizer of Shaoshi; Irrigation, deinsectization, diseases prevention etc. as required, all according to a conventional method.Results of regular determination cucumber Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, vine growth and development situation, cucumber yield, etc.Growing season terminates rear employing conventional instrument analytical procedure and measures plastic shed soil physicochemical character.
The effect test result of the bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix recycling that cultivation onion crosses shows: be colonizated in after applying cultivation onion and can reach 17000-35000IPU L with the Inoculum potential of AMF inoculum in the bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix crossed
-1bacterium chaff.Therefore, can continue to utilize as AMF Inoculant and soil organic additive.Test shows, apply community cucumber seedling after cultivation onion in the bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix used without the need to slow seedling, surviving rate 100%, and contrast needs 2 ~ 4 days seedling-slowing stages, surviving rate is 90%; Process community cucumber yield is 1.1 ~ 1.5 times of contrast; Plastic shed soil physicochemical character also significantly improves (table 6).
Table 6 cultivates onion bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix excessively to the impact of cucumber yield, quality and soil physico-chemical characteristic
Described using the matrix used after cultivation onion as AMF Inoculant and soil organic additive, with 5Lm
-2apply in protecting field soil, continue cultivated cucumber.Rich water pesticide dosage can be reduced, increase soil fertility, increase cucumber yield.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and be not restriction the present invention being made to other form, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.But everyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) AMF microbial inoculum is prepared: selected inclusion-free thin river sand and clay, be thin river sand by volume: clay=5:2 ~ 1 mixes, be AMF culture medium after moist heat sterilization, AMF inoculum to be added in above-mentioned culture medium and to sow tobacco and/or trifolium, in warm indoor cultivation; Cultivate and gather in the crops matrix and root system after 3 ~ 4 months, adjustment inoculum IPU quantity is 15000 ~ 20000IPU L
-1for subsequent use;
(2) preparing bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix: after fragmentation of being become thoroughly decomposed by bacterium chaff, is AMF microbial inoculum by volume: bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix is made in bacterium chaff=1:8 ~ 12 mixing, and described AMF microbial inoculum bacteria containing amount is 15000 ~ 20000IPU L
-1;
Described AMF is Glomus intraradices; Described bacterium chaff is one or more in flat mushroom bacterium chaff, Lentinus Edodes fungus chaff or golden mushroom chaff.
2. the preparation method of bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (1), AMF inoculum is added spore/2, culture medium to 500 ~ 1000 ~ 3L matrix.
3. the preparation method of bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step (2), culture condition is natural lighting condition; Diurnal temperature is respectively 25 ~ 30 DEG C and 12 ~ 15 DEG C; Within every two weeks, apply the Hoagland nutritive medium of 20% ~ 30%.
4. the bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix described in obtaining according to claim 1 preparation method, in the purposes as Vegetable culture medium or soil additive, is characterized in that concrete using method is as follows:
(1) be colonizated in by the vegetable seedling of 3 ~ 4 leaf seedling ages in described bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix respectively, make its normal growth grow, Growing season terminates its cultivation matrix of rear collection, for recycling;
(2) by above-mentioned culturing vegetable with the cultivation matrix of rear collection with 5Lm
-2apply in protecting field soil, and then field planting vegetables.
5. bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix according to claim 4 is in the purposes as Vegetable culture medium or soil additive, it is characterized in that: described vegetable seedling is one or more in tomato and onion seedling.
6. bacterium chaff+AMF cultivation matrix according to claim 4 is in the purposes as Vegetable culture medium or soil additive, it is characterized in that: described vegetables are cucumber.
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| CN103782888A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-14 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | Seedling growth matrix capable of reducing plant virus harm and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104399221B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2017-05-10 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Method for biodegradation of pesticide residual liquid by using edible fungus chaff |
| CN105325244B (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2018-08-07 | 浙江省柑桔研究所 | A kind of method that use in conjunction AMF carries out the cultivation of citrus container Va Mycorrhiza Seedling with PGPR microbial inoculums |
| CN105684849A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-22 | 南京农业大学 | Organic substrate containing arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN105724207A (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2016-07-06 | 南京农业大学 | Matrix for enhancing use effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and preparation method and application of matrix |
| AT15269U1 (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2017-04-15 | Evologic-Technologies | CULTURAL SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING NATURAL MUSHROOMS |
| CN106069320A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-09 | 成都森洁商贸有限公司 | A kind of Peony growing soil with AM VA Mycorrhizal Fungi |
| CN108739319A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method of molded substrates culturing vegetable |
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| CN102047808B (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-10-17 | 河南科技大学 | Method for reducing heavy metal residues in tobacco by use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| CN102603372B (en) * | 2012-04-06 | 2013-12-25 | 中国烟草总公司山东省公司 | Simple production technology of special AM (arbuscular mycorrhiza) fungal manure for tobacco |
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