CN102936174B - A coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a coconut shell powder-based rice machine-transplanting substrate, relates to rice seedling raising technology in the field of agricultural technology, and is formed by mixing the following raw materials according to volume percentage: coconut shell powder 5-20, peat 10-25, Chaff ash 25-30, vermiculite 12-18, clay 8-12, perlite 1-3, lignite 3-7, organic fertilizer 8-12; can promote seedling photosynthesis, improve seedling rooting ability, and can cultivate It has the characteristics of being suitable for machine-transplanted rice seedlings, and is suitable for the cultivation of machine-transplanted rice seedlings in early, middle and late seasons.

Description

A coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate

technical field

The invention relates to rice seedling raising technology in the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate.

Background technique

With the development of modern agricultural technology, especially the promotion and popularization of facility agriculture, it provides the basis for the mechanization of the whole process of rice planting. In order to adapt to the mechanized planting of rice seedlings, industrial seedling raising is usually adopted, and the seedling raising substrate used is different from the soil of field seedling raising. Chinese Patent (Application No. 201110140413.6) discloses "a substrate for machine-transplanted rice seedlings", which contains the following components by weight: 10-30 parts of fermented straw coarse grains, 70-90 parts of non-toxic waste from the fermentation industry, 0.1-2 parts of auxiliary materials; industrial non-toxic waste is alcohol fermentation biogas residue; auxiliary materials are one or more of nutrient elements, dwarf seedling strengthening agents, root promoting agents, and safeners; nutrient elements are selected from nitrogen, phosphorus One or more of potassium, zinc, boron and silicon; the machine-transplanted rice seedling-raising matrix is easy to obtain materials, the production cost is low, and the seedling-raising effect is good. Another example is "a special organic substrate for machine-transplanted rice seedlings and its production method" disclosed in Chinese patent (application number 201210072200.9), which is characterized in that it contains the following raw materials in weight percentage: biomass power plant ash 10-30%, monosodium glutamate leftovers 20-40%, rice husk powder 20-40%, water-retaining agent 3-8%, adhesive 2-5% and root-stimulating agent 0.2-0.5%, the organic substrate specially used for rice machine-transplanted seedlings obtained by the invention is pollution-free, Non-toxic, in line with environmental protection and low-carbon requirements, it is the preferred substrate for the development of rice machine transplanting production. There is also a "production process for rice seedling raising substrate" disclosed in Chinese patent (application number 201210054175.1), which includes the following steps: (1) fermenting cassava dregs for 6 to 10 days; (2) pouring the fermented raw materials into the mixer, and then add vermiculite, plant ash, humic acid, bone meal, carbamide, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, Ammonium molybdate and sodium phenoxide are mixed and stirred for 4 to 6 minutes; (3) the stirred rice seedling substrate is sent to the crusher for crushing for 1 to 2 minutes; (4) the crushed rice seedling substrate is sent to the screening machine (5) Rice seedling substrate particles that are too large to pass through the sieve holes are returned to the mixer for stirring ; This process effectively reduces the labor intensity of workers and improves production efficiency.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rice seedling raising substrate that can promote photosynthesis of seedlings, improve rooting ability of seedlings, and can cultivate seedlings suitable for machine-transplanted seedlings.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes is to invent a kind of rice machine transplanting matrix of coconut shell powder base, is to be mixed by following raw material by volume percentage:

Coconut shell powder 5-20 Grass charcoal 10-25 Chaff ash 25-30 Vermiculite 12-18

Clay 8-12 Perlite 1-3 Lignite 3-7 Organic fertilizer 8-12.

Its optimized technical scheme one is formed by mixing the following raw materials by volume percentage:

Coconut Shell Powder 15 Grass Charcoal 15 Chaff Ash 28 Vermiculite 15

Clay 10 Perlite 2 Lignite 5 Organic Fertilizer 10.

Its optimized technical scheme two is formed by mixing the following raw materials by volume percentage:

Coconut Shell Powder 20 Grass Charcoal 10 Chaff Ash 28 Vermiculite 15

Clay 10 Perlite 2 Lignite 5 Organic Fertilizer 10.

Its optimized technical scheme three is formed by mixing the following raw materials by volume percentage:

Coconut Shell Powder 10 Grass Charcoal 20 Chaff Ash 28 Vermiculite 15

Clay 10 Perlite 2 Lignite 5 Organic Fertilizer 10.

Its optimized technical scheme four is formed by mixing the following raw materials by volume percentage:

Coconut Husk Flour 5 Grass Charcoal 25 Chaff Ash 28 Vermiculite 15

Clay 10 Perlite 2 Lignite 5 Organic Fertilizer 10.

Its optimized technical scheme five is formed by mixing the following raw materials by volume percentage:

Coconut Husk Flour 20 Grass Charcoal 17 Chaff Ash 25 Vermiculite 12

Clay 8 Perlite 3 Lignite 3 Organic Fertilizer 12.

Its optimized technical scheme six is formed by mixing the following raw materials by volume percentage:

Coconut Shell Powder 12 Grass Charcoal 12 Chaff Ash 30 Vermiculite 18

Clay 12 Perlite 1 Lignite 7 Organic fertilizer 8.

Among the above-mentioned raw materials, coconut shell powder is made by crushing coconut shells; rice husk ash is the product of carbonization or burning of rice husks, and then puffed into black powder; peat, also known as "peat", is also called As "peat", it is the product of the development of swamps; vermiculite is a natural, non-toxic, and expandable mineral under high temperature, and its composition is Mg _0.5 (H ₂ O) ₄ Mg ₃ [AlSi ₃ O ₁₀ 】(OH) ₂ , use the expanded product; clay (namely: clay, lake mud can also be used), is a plastic aluminum silicate with very small particles (<2μm), which is pulverized after air drying; lignite is a low-grade Coal is a brown-black low-rank coal between peat and bituminous coal; perlite is the product of volume expansion, that is: expanded perlite; organic fertilizer is mixed with livestock and poultry manure and crushed crop straw ( According to the volume ratio, the ratio of the two is 1:1-3, and any ratio can also be used), after adjusting the C/N ratio to 25-40, it is a fertilizer made by composting, fermenting and decomposing.

The preparation method is as follows: uniformly mix the above-mentioned raw materials, then pulverize and pass through a 2-mesh sieve. It is also possible to use the method of pulverizing the above-mentioned raw materials separately, passing through a 2-mesh sieve, and then mixing them evenly.

The coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting matrix of the present invention adopts the powder made of coconut shell as the main raw material. The coconut shell is rich in lignin and cellulose, and its loose foam is porous and has excellent permeability and water retention. Very good cultivation substrate; at the same time, equipped with peat rich in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese and other elements, chaff ash contains potassium, phosphorus, calcium and other elements, and vermiculite has good water retention and evacuation The role of soil, perlite (expanded perlite) has a good effect of evacuating the soil, lignite contains humic acid, organic fertilizer contains organic matter, organic and inorganic nutrients, etc., clay contains a certain amount of minerals, and can separate components The raw materials are bonded together to form the seedling substrate. Therefore, the coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate of the present invention can promote the photosynthesis of the seedlings and improve the rooting ability of the seedlings, so it can cultivate rice seedlings suitable for machine transplanting.

The rice machine-transplanting substrate based on coconut shell powder of the present invention has been tested for raising seedlings.

The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Resources and Environment Professional Base of Hunan Agricultural University from September to October 2012.

The substrate raw materials of the present invention are peat, coconut shell powder, chaff ash, vermiculite, clay, lignite, perlite and organic fertilizer, and the tested variety is Hunan super rice variety Zhu Liangyou 02, which has high yield and resistance to rice blast , wide adaptability, and its germination rate is not less than 80%, provided by Hunan Yahua Seed Co., Ltd.

During the test, add inorganic fertilizer urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride in addition, the addition of above-mentioned inorganic fertilizer is urea 0.0015kg/L, superphosphate 0.002kg/L, potassium chloride 0.00025kg/L, in preparing the present invention When using the matrix, add directly and mix well.

In the experiment, plastic seedling trays were used for seedling raising. The size of the seedling tray was 58cm×28cm×2.5cm, the volume of the seedling tray was 4.06L, and 450 holes.

A total of 4 treatments were set up in the experiment, which was repeated 4 times. The formula design is shown in Table 1. Each seedling tray has 3L of substrate, 120g of sowing buds, sprays carbendazim on the surface of the substrate after sowing, and waters once a day in the morning and evening. Soaking and germination treatment are carried out before rice sowing. After the seeds are white, they are dried, weighed, dropped, and sown. Seeds were soaked on September 12, 2012, sown on September 15, and seedling quality indicators were measured on October 4.

When the seedling has 2 leaves and 1 core, it is sampled and determined: the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of the second leaf, stem base width, plant height, number of adventitious roots per plant, longest adventitious root length, root volume (drainage method), aboveground and Underground fresh weight and dry weight, hair root ability (take 10 plants for each repetition, cut off all the roots, put them in a glass cup filled with distilled water, take them out after 3 days of cultivation, measure the number of hair roots and the longest adventitious root length ).

Table 1 Matrix formulation design of the present invention (v/v%)

Table 2 is the physical and chemical properties of matrix of the present invention:

Table 2 Physicochemical properties of the matrix of the present invention

Machine-transplanted seedlings must meet two basic requirements: one is the standard seedlings, the seedlings are evenly distributed, and the root system is entangled, which can be suitable for mechanical planting; the other is that the seedlings are robust and free from diseases and insect pests, and can meet the high-yield requirements.

Generally speaking, the plant growth effect is better when the bulk density of the plant growth substrate is in the range of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ . It can be seen from Table 2 that the bulk density of the substrate of the present invention is 0.399-0.504g/cm ³ , which is moderate in size, which can not only ensure the quality of the seedlings, but also reduce the mechanical damage caused by the transportation pressure and the heavy substrate to the rice transplanter. The seedlings cultivated by the matrix of the present invention have a size of 58 cm long, 28 cm wide and about 2 cm thick. It will not block the delivery of seedlings due to the large width of the seedling block stuck on the seedling box, causing missed insertion, and will not cause missed insertion due to the small width; the thickness of the seedling block is moderate, which will not cause aggravated plant damage and affect planting Quality, the size of the seedling block meets the standard of machine transplanted rice seedlings.

Table 3 is the impact of substrates with different ratios of the present invention on the growth and development of rice seedling shoots:

Table 3 The influence of substrates with different ratios of the present invention on the growth and development of rice seedling shoots

As can be seen from Table 3, the length of the second leaf of the seedling, the area of the second leaf, the width of the stem base and the height of the plant are all the largest at T2, the second leaf is the widest in the seedling cultivated with T1, and the second leaf of T4 is the widest. Compared with other treatments, leaf length and width, leaf area, stem base width and plant height were relatively poor. There was no obvious difference in the fresh weight and dry weight of the above-ground part of the four treatments, but it can be seen from the numerical values that the fresh weight and dry weight of the above-ground part of T4 were higher than those of the other three treatments.

Table 4 is the impact of substrates of different proportioning ratios of the present invention on the seedling chlorophyll content:

Table 4 Effects of different ratios of substrates on the chlorophyll content of seedlings

As can be seen from Table 4, both the content of chlorophyll a, the content of chlorophyll b and the total chlorophyll content in the leaves are higher in T4 treatment, which shows that the photosynthetic ability of T4 is strong under the same conditions, and the proportion of chlorophyll b Relatively high, the leaves can absorb the blue-violet light in the diffuse light, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic ability, indicating that the seedlings cultivated on the T4 substrate are more adaptable to different light environments, and are conducive to the accumulation of aboveground substances of the seedlings.

Table 5 is the influence of the matrix of different proportioning ratios of the present invention on the growth and development of the underground part of rice seedlings:

Table 5 The influence of substrates with different ratios of the present invention on the growth and development of the underground part of rice seedlings

According to Table 5, the longest adventitious root length of T3 was the most, and reached a significant level with other treatments. The longest adventitious root length of T4 was only second to T3, and its length was 6.8317cm. The number of roots per plant was the most with T4 treatment, which was 10.5667, and its underground fresh weight and underground dry weight were better than those of the other three treatments. Although the adventitious root of T4 is 0.0250 less than that of T2 when determining the hair root ability, its longest adventitious root is 2.1100cm longer than that of T1, T2 and T3.

From the above analysis, it can be concluded that although the shoots of seedlings cultivated on T4 substrate are relatively poor, judging from the dry and fresh weight and chlorophyll content of T4 shoots, the shoots of seedlings accumulate a lot of material and have strong photosynthetic ability. The quality of the root system is a very important indicator of the quality of rice seedlings. The seedlings treated with T4 have more adventitious roots in the underground, their dry and fresh weight is heavier than other treatments, and their rooting ability is also stronger, which is beneficial for the seedlings to absorb nutrients in the substrate. Therefore, considering the above-ground and underground traits of seedlings, T4 is an ideal substrate for machine-transplanted seedlings, which can cultivate robust rice seedlings and improve the quality of rice seedlings.

As can be seen from the above test results, the seedlings cultivated by the substrate of the present invention have heavier dry and fresh shoot weights, more accumulation of shoot shoot materials, high chlorophyll content, and strong photosynthetic ability. There are many adventitious roots in the underground part, heavy dry and fresh weight, well-developed root system of seedlings, more white roots per plant, and firm root system, which can form blanket-shaped seedlings, which is conducive to machine transplanting. At the same time, its rooting ability is also strong, which is beneficial for the seedlings to absorb the nutrients in the matrix, and at the same time, it can quickly turn green after transplanting by machine. During the growth period of the seedlings, there are no pests and diseases, which can meet the requirements of high yield.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further. The following description is by way of example, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Embodiment one:

In parts by volume, take 15 parts of coconut shell powder, 15 parts of peat, 28 parts of chaff ash, 15 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of clay, 2 parts of perlite, 5 parts of lignite, and 10 parts of organic fertilizer, mix evenly, pass 2 mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is pulverized again and then added, which is the coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate of the present invention.

Embodiment two:

In parts by volume, take 20 parts of coconut shell powder, 10 parts of peat, 28 parts of chaff ash, 15 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of clay, 2 parts of perlite, 5 parts of lignite, and 10 parts of organic fertilizer, mix evenly, pass 2 mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is pulverized again and then added, which is the coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate of the present invention.

Embodiment three:

In parts by volume, take 10 parts of coconut shell powder, 20 parts of peat, 28 parts of chaff ash, 15 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of clay, 2 parts of perlite, 5 parts of lignite, and 10 parts of organic fertilizer, mix evenly, pass 2 mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is pulverized again and then added, which is the coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate of the present invention.

Embodiment four:

In parts by volume, take 5 parts of coconut shell powder, 25 parts of peat, 28 parts of chaff ash, 15 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of clay, 2 parts of perlite, 5 parts of lignite, and 10 parts of organic fertilizer, mix evenly, pass 2 mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is pulverized again and then added, which is the coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate of the present invention.

Embodiment five:

In parts by volume, take 20 parts of coconut shell powder, 17 parts of peat, 25 parts of chaff ash, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of clay, 3 parts of perlite, 3 parts of lignite, and 12 parts of organic fertilizer, mix evenly, pass 2 mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is pulverized again and then added, which is the coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate of the present invention.

Embodiment six:

In parts by volume, take 12 parts of coconut shell powder, 12 parts of peat, 30 parts of chaff ash, 18 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of clay, 1 part of perlite, 7 parts of lignite, and 8 parts of organic fertilizer, mix evenly, pass 2 mesh sieve, and the sieve residue is pulverized again and then added, which is the coconut shell powder-based rice machine transplanting substrate of the present invention.

The coconut shell powder-based rice machine-transplanting substrate of the invention is suitable for the cultivation of early, middle and late season rice machine-transplanted seedlings.

Claims (7)

1. a rice machine rice transplanting matrix for coconut shell flour base, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:

Coconut shell flour 5-20 peat composed of rotten mosses 10-25 rice husk ash 25-30 vermiculite 12-18

Clay 8-12 perlite 1-3 brown coal 3-7 fertilizer 8-12.

2. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:

Coconut shell flour 15 peat composed of rotten mosses 15 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15

Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.

3. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:

Coconut shell flour 20 peat composed of rotten mosses 10 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15

Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.

4. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:

Coconut shell flour 10 peat composed of rotten mosses 20 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15

Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.

5. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:

Coconut shell flour 5 peat composed of rotten mosses 25 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15

Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.

6. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:

Coconut shell flour 20 peat composed of rotten mosses 17 rice husk ash 25 vermiculites 12

Clay 8 perlite 3 brown coal 3 fertilizers 12.

7. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:

Coconut shell flour 12 peat composed of rotten mosses 12 rice husk ash 30 vermiculites 18

Clay 12 perlite 1 brown coal 7 fertilizers 8.