CN102936174B - Coconut shell powder-based rice transplanting matrix for rice transplanter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coconut shell powder-based rice transplanting matrix for a rice transplanter, relating to the rice seedling culture technology in the field of agricultural technology. The coconut shell powder-based rice transplanting matrix is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 5-20% of coconut shell powder, 10-25% of turf, 25-30% of rice husk ash, 12-18% of vermiculite, 8-12% of clay, 1-3% of perlite, 3-7% of lignite and 8-12% of organic fertilizer. The coconut shell powder-based rice transplanting matrix for a transplanter rice has the functions of promoting the photosynthesis of the rice seedlings, improving the rooting ability of the rice seedlings, culturing the rice seedlings suitable for mechanical rice transplanting and the like, and is suitable for culturing the rice seedlings for mechanical rice transplanting of the early rice, middle-season rice and late rice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of the raising rice seedlings technology in agricultural technology field, particularly a kind of coconut shell flour base.
Background technology
Along with popularizing of the development of modern agricultural technology, particularly industrialized agriculture, for the mechanize of Rice Cropping whole process provides the foundation.For adapting to slotting kind of mechanize of rice seedling, conventionally adopt industrial sprout cultivation, its seedling raising ground substance using is different from the earth of land for growing field crops seedling.Chinese patent (application number 201110140413.6) disclosed " a kind of rice mechanical transplanting seedling raising ground substance ", this matrix contains following component by weight: fermented stalk coarse grain 10-30 part, the nontoxic waste 70-90 of fermentation industry part, auxiliary material 0.1-2 part; The nontoxic waste of industry is zymamsis natural pond slag; Auxiliary material is one or more in nutritive element, dwarfing fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings, promoter, safener; Nutritive element is selected from one or more in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, boron, silicon; This rice mechanical transplanting seedling raising ground substance is drawn materials easily, production cost is low, and seedling is effective.Chinese patent (application number 201210072200.9) disclosed " the special-purpose organic substrate of a kind of rice mechanical transplanting seedling and production method thereof " and for example, it is characterized in that the raw material that contains following weight per-cent: biomass power plant ash 10～30%, monosodium glutamate tankage 20～40%, powdered rice hulls 20～40%, water-holding agent 3～8%, tackiness agent 2～5% and promoter 0.2～0.5%, the special-purpose organic substrate of rice mechanical transplanting seedling that this invention obtains is pollution-free, toxicological harmless, meeting the requirement of environmental protection low-carbon (LC), is the preferred substrate that development paddy rice transplanting is produced.Also have Chinese patent (application number 201210054175.1) disclosed " a kind of production technique of rice nursery substrate ", comprise the following steps: (1) carries out fermentative processing 6～10 days by manioc waste; (2) above-mentioned raw materials fermenting is poured in stirrer, and then to adding vermiculite, plant ash, humic acid, bone meal, many bacterium phosphorus, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, vitriolate of tartar, copper sulfate, manganous sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate in stirrer, sell phenol sodium again and carry out mix and blend 4～6 minutes; (3) rice nursery substrate being stirred is sent in crusher and carries out fragmentation 1～2 minute; (4) rice nursery substrate after fragmentation is sent in sieve apparatus and screens, and the rice nursery substrate particle of small volume falls from sieve screen apertures, is sent to sack packer and carries out automatic bagging; (5) volume can not be come back in stirrer and be stirred by the rice nursery substrate particle of sieve aperture more greatly; This technique has effectively alleviated workman's labour intensity, has improved production efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of rice seedling raising ground substance that promotes rice shoot photosynthesis, raising rice shoot root of hair ability, can cultivate applicable machine transplanting of rice rice shoot.
The technical solution used in the present invention is the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of a kind of coconut shell flour base of invention, is that the raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 5-20 peat composed of rotten mosses 10-25 rice husk ash 25-30 vermiculite 12-18
Clay 8-12 perlite 1-3 brown coal 3-7 fertilizer 8-12.
The technical scheme one of its optimization is that the raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 15 peat composed of rotten mosses 15 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
The technical scheme two of its optimization is that the raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 20 peat composed of rotten mosses 10 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
The technical scheme three of its optimization is that the raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 10 peat composed of rotten mosses 20 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
The technical scheme four of its optimization is that the raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 5 peat composed of rotten mosses 25 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
The technical scheme five of its optimization is that the raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 20 peat composed of rotten mosses 17 rice husk ash 25 vermiculites 12
Clay 8 perlite 3 brown coal 3 fertilizers 12.
The technical scheme six of its optimization is that the raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 12 peat composed of rotten mosses 12 rice husk ash 30 vermiculites 18
Clay 12 perlite 1 brown coal 7 fertilizers 8.
In above-mentioned raw materials, coconut shell flour is made after pulverizing by Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L); Rice husk ash is by the product after rice hulls charing or burning, then the meal of expanded one-tenth black; The peat composed of rotten mosses has another name called " peat ", is also called " mud coal ", is the product in formation process of bog; Vermiculite be a kind of natural, nontoxic, under high temperature action dilatable mineral, composition is Mg
0.5(H
2o)
4mg
3[AlSi
3o
10] (OH)
2, adopt the product after expanding; Clay (that is: clay, also can adopt lake mud), is the plastic aluminium silicate salt of particle very little (<2 μ m), air-dry rear pulverizing; Brown coal are a kind of grizzles, are a kind of grizzles of the brownish black between peat and pitch coal; Perlite adopts the product after volumetric expansion, that is: pearlstone; Fertilizer is to mix (by volume, both ratios are 1:1-3, also can adopt arbitrary proportion) by feces of livestock and poultry with the agricultural crop straw after pulverizing, regulates C/N ratio to 25-40, then the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and form through pile fermentation.
Its preparation method is: above-mentioned raw materials mixed, then, pulverizes, mistake 2 mesh sieves.Also can adopt above-mentioned raw materials is pulverized respectively, cross after 2 mesh sieves the uniform method of remix.
The rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention, the powder that employing Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L) is made is as main raw material, and Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L) is rich in xylogen and Mierocrystalline cellulose, and its pine bubble porous, has good permeability and water-retentivity, is good cultivation matrix; Simultaneously, be equipped with the peat composed of rotten mosses of various elements such as being rich in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese, rice husk ash contains the multiple elements such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium, the effect that vermiculite has good water conservation and evacuates soil, perlite (pearlstone) has the effect of good evacuation soil, and brown coal contain humic acid, fertilizer is containing organic, organic and inorganic nutrients etc., clay contains a certain amount of mineral substance, and each component raw material can be bonded in together, forms seedling raising ground substance.Therefore, the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention can promote rice shoot photosynthesis, improves rice shoot root of hair ability, therefore can cultivate, is applicable to machine transplanting of rice rice shoot.
The rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention, once carried out seedling test.
Test in 9-10 Yue Agricultural University Of Hunan's agricultural resources and environment specialty base in 2012 and carry out.
Base starting material of the present invention is the peat composed of rotten mosses, coconut shell flour, rice husk ash, vermiculite, clay, brown coal, perlite and fertilizer, experimental cultivar is Hunan super hybridization rice kind Zhuliangyou 02, this variety yield is high, blast resisting, wide adaptability, its percentage of germination is not less than 80%, and by Hunan, Ya Hua seed company limited provides.
During test, add in addition mineral manure urea, calcium superphosphate and Repone K, the addition of above-mentioned mineral manure is urea 0.0015kg/L, calcium superphosphate 0.002kg/L, and Repone K 0.00025kg/L, when preparation matrix of the present invention, directly adds and mixes.
Test adopts plastics seedling-cultivation plate, and seedling-cultivation plate specification is 58cm * 28cm * 2.5cm, and seedling disk body amasss as 4.06L, 450 holes.
4 processing are established in test altogether, repeat 4 times, and formulating of recipe is in Table 1.Each seedling-cultivation plate matrix 3L, broadcasts bud paddy 120g, after planting in stromal surface, sprays derosal virus killing, and respectively water once every day sooner or later.Before rice growing, soak seed, vernalization processes, after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, dry, weigh, premature rice, sowing.Seed soaking on September 12nd, 2012, sowing on September 15, measured seedling quality index on October 4.
Sampling and measuring during rice shoot 2 leaf 1 core: the leaf of second leaf is long, leaf is wide and leaf area, stem foot width, plant height, the indefinite radical of every strain, the longest adventive root length, root volume (drainage), overground part and underground part fresh weight and dry weight, (each repeats to get 10 strains to root of hair ability, root system is all cut, be placed in the glass cylinder that fills distilled water, after cultivating 3d, take out, measure root of hair quantity and the longest adventive root long).
Table 1 substrate formula design of the present invention (v/v%)
Table 2 is physicochemical characters of matrix of the present invention:
The physicochemical character of table 2 matrix of the present invention
Machine transplanting of rice rice shoot must possess the basic demand of two aspects: the one, and seedling piece standard, rice shoot is evenly distributed, and root system dish knot, can be applicable to machinery and plant; The 2nd, rice shoot is individual healthy and strong, without disease and pest, can meet high yield requirement.
In general, the unit weight of plant growth medium is at 0.1-0.8 g/cm
3in scope, the growth result of plant is better.As can be seen from Table 2, the unit weight of matrix of the present invention is 0.399-0.504g/cm
3, be of moderate size, can guarantee the quality of rice shoot, can alleviate again the overweight physical abuse that rice transplanter is caused of transport pressure and matrix.The rice shoot that matrix of the present invention cultivates, seedling piece is of a size of long 58cm, wide 28cm, thick about 2cm.Can be because seedling piece width is larger, clamping stagnation is obstructed seedling sending on seedling case, causes to leak to insert, and also can not cause because width is less leaking and insert; The thickness of seedling piece is moderate, can not cause planting wound and increase the weight of, and quality, the standard of the size conforms transplanting of seedling piece are planted in impact.
Table 3 is impacts that the matrix of the different proportionings of the present invention is grown on rice seedling overground part:
The impact that the matrix of the different proportionings of table 3 the present invention is grown on rice seedling overground part
As can be seen from Table 3, second leaf of rice shoot is long, second leaf leaf area, stem foot width and plant height are all maximum with T2, the rice shoot that second leaf cultivates with T1 is the widest, and second leaf length and width leaf area and the stem foot width of T4 are compared with other processing with plant height, relatively poor.Overground part fresh weight and the overground part dry weight difference of 4 processing are not obvious, but can find out from numerical value, and the overground part fresh weight of T4 and overground part dry weight are higher than other three processing.
Table 4 is the impacts on rice shoot chlorophyll content of the matrix of the different proportionings of the present invention:
The impact of the different proportioning matrix of table 4 on rice shoot chlorophyll content
As can be seen from Table 4, no matter be the content of blade Determination of Chlorophyll a, it is higher that the equal T4 of the content of chlorophyll b or Chlorophyll content processes, this illustrates that under equal conditions T4 photosynthesis ability is strong, and chlorophyll b proportion is relatively high, blade can absorb the royal purple light in diffused light, thereby strengthens photosynthetic capacity, illustrated that the rice shoot that T4 matrix cultivates more can adapt to different photoenvironments, and be conducive to the accumulation of rice shoot overground part material.
Table 5 is impacts that the matrix of the different proportionings of the present invention is grown on rice seedling underground part:
The impact that the matrix of the different proportionings of table 5 the present invention is grown on rice seedling underground part
Known according to table 5, the longest adventive root of T3 is at most long, and reaches conspicuous level with other processing, and the longest adventive root length of T4 is only second to T3, and it is long is 6.8317cm.The rice shoot that the indefinite radical of every strain is processed with T4 is maximum, is 10.5667, and its underground part fresh weight and underground part dry weight with other three process compare all better.Although while measuring root of hair ability, the adventive root of T4 is than few 0.0250 of T2, it is the longest indefinitely follows the longlyest compared with T1, T2, T3, is 2.1100cm.
To sum up analyze and can obtain, although the rice shoot overground part that T4 matrix cultivates is relatively poor, from T4 overground part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings and chlorophyll content, the accumulation of rice shoot overground part material is many, and photosynthesis ability is strong.The quality of root system is the very important index of Seedling Quality in Rice, and the rice shoot underground part adventive root that T4 processes is more, and dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings is processed heavy than other, and root of hair ability is also stronger, is conducive to the nutrient in rice shoot absorption base.Therefore, comprehensive rice shoot overground part and underground part characteristic index, T4 is comparatively ideal transplanting seedling medium, can cultivate healthy and strong rice seedling, improves seedling quality level.
From above-mentioned test-results, can find out, the rice shoot that matrix of the present invention cultivates, overground part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings is heavier, and the accumulation of rice shoot overground part material is many, and chlorophyll content is high, and photosynthesis ability is strong.Underground part adventive root is more, and dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings is heavier, rice shoot well developed root system, and individual plant Bai Genliang is many, and root system dish knot firmly, can form blanket appearance seedling, is beneficial to the machine transplanting of rice.Meanwhile, its root of hair ability is also stronger, is conducive to the nutrient in rice shoot absorption base, and the machine transplanting of rice simultaneously can be turned green after transplanting fast.During seedling growth, without disease and pest, can meet the requirement of high yield.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.Explanation is below the mode exemplifying, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment mono-:
By volume part, get respectively 15 parts of coconut shell flours, 15 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 28 parts of rice husk ashes, 15 parts of vermiculites, 10 parts of clays, 2 parts of perlites, 5 parts, brown coal, 10 parts of fertilizers, mix, cross 2 mesh sieves, screenings adds after again pulverizing, the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention.
Embodiment bis-:
By volume part, get respectively 20 parts of coconut shell flours, 10 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 28 parts of rice husk ashes, 15 parts of vermiculites, 10 parts of clays, 2 parts of perlites, 5 parts, brown coal, 10 parts of fertilizers, mix, cross 2 mesh sieves, screenings adds after again pulverizing, the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention.
Embodiment tri-:
By volume part, get respectively 10 parts of coconut shell flours, 20 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 28 parts of rice husk ashes, 15 parts of vermiculites, 10 parts of clays, 2 parts of perlites, 5 parts, brown coal, 10 parts of fertilizers, mix, cross 2 mesh sieves, screenings adds after again pulverizing, the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention.
Embodiment tetra-:
By volume part, get respectively 5 parts of coconut shell flours, 25 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 28 parts of rice husk ashes, 15 parts of vermiculites, 10 parts of clays, 2 parts of perlites, 5 parts, brown coal, 10 parts of fertilizers, mix, cross 2 mesh sieves, screenings adds after again pulverizing, the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention.
Embodiment five:
By volume part, get respectively 20 parts of coconut shell flours, 17 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 25 parts of rice husk ashes, 12 parts of vermiculites, 8 parts of clays, 3 parts of perlites, 3 parts, brown coal, 12 parts of fertilizers, mix, cross 2 mesh sieves, screenings adds after again pulverizing, the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention.
Embodiment six:
By volume part, get respectively 12 parts of coconut shell flours, 12 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 30 parts of rice husk ashes, 18 parts of vermiculites, 12 parts of clays, 1 part of perlite, 7 parts, brown coal, 8 parts of fertilizers, mix, cross 2 mesh sieves, screenings adds after again pulverizing, the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention.
The rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base of the present invention is applicable to the cultivation of early, middle and late each strengthening seedling of rice machine in season.
Claims (7)
1. a rice machine rice transplanting matrix for coconut shell flour base, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 5-20 peat composed of rotten mosses 10-25 rice husk ash 25-30 vermiculite 12-18
Clay 8-12 perlite 1-3 brown coal 3-7 fertilizer 8-12.
2. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 15 peat composed of rotten mosses 15 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
3. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 20 peat composed of rotten mosses 10 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
4. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 10 peat composed of rotten mosses 20 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
5. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 5 peat composed of rotten mosses 25 rice husk ash 28 vermiculites 15
Clay 10 perlite 2 brown coal 5 fertilizers 10.
6. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 20 peat composed of rotten mosses 17 rice husk ash 25 vermiculites 12
Clay 8 perlite 3 brown coal 3 fertilizers 12.
7. the rice machine rice transplanting matrix of coconut shell flour base according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be that raw material by following by volume per-cent mixes:
Coconut shell flour 12 peat composed of rotten mosses 12 rice husk ash 30 vermiculites 18
Clay 12 perlite 1 brown coal 7 fertilizers 8.
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| CN104151010A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2014-11-19 | 厦门盛方生态技术有限公司 | Mixed coconut bran block for planting plants and production method thereof |
| CN104030756A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-10 | 太仓绿丰农业生物基质有限公司 | Method for manufacturing rice compound substrate |
| CN104663401A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-06-03 | 潘明奎 | Soilless culture substrate |
| CN105237265A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2016-01-13 | 安徽新中远化工科技有限公司 | Phosphogypsum soil improver for improving soil salinization and preparation method for phosphogypsum soil improver |
| CN106542858A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-29 | 黑龙江省芦花村农业科技开发有限公司 | The formula and preparation method of combined bio matter rice seedling raising ground substance pad |
| CN107787802A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-13 | 真果乐（河南）农业技术有限公司 | A kind of rice seedling bed earth and preparation method thereof |
| CN108849391A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州环山农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of oil tea seedling culture matrix formulations and preparation method thereof |
| CN108575672B (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2021-08-27 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110959501A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-07 | 天津富瑞丰生物科技有限公司 | Rice seedling raising substrate |
| CN114600732A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-10 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Iron-modified biochar rice seedling raising matrix, matrix plate and preparation method |
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| CN102503654A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-06-20 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Seedling raising substrate for mechanically-transplanting rice |
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