CN108782129A - A kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

A kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables and its preparation method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108782129A
CN108782129A CN201810496288.4A CN201810496288A CN108782129A CN 108782129 A CN108782129 A CN 108782129A CN 201810496288 A CN201810496288 A CN 201810496288A CN 108782129 A CN108782129 A CN 108782129A
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China
Prior art keywords
seedling medium
parts
mushroom
mushroom slag
fruit vegetables
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘笑冰
刘克锋
杨萌
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Beijing University of Agriculture
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Beijing University of Agriculture
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Priority to CN201810496288.4A priority Critical patent/CN108782129A/en
Publication of CN108782129A publication Critical patent/CN108782129A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to method for culturing seedlings technical fields, more particularly, to general seedling medium of a kind of fruit vegetables and its preparation method and application.The seedling medium is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number：25-40 parts of turfs, 30-70 parts of flyash, 5-40 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 1-20 parts of vermiculites.The preparation method includes：After each raw material is sieved, mix in proportion to get the seedling medium.Seedling medium of the present invention reduces the consumption to non-renewable resource turf, and largely consumes agricultural wastes and trade waste, forms effective ecological circulation economy, and can improve the fertilizer efficiency of seedling medium and reduce the cost of seedling medium；The described seedling medium emergence rate is high, up to 96%-100%, goes out full stand and rapid；Water interception is high, and matrix water holding capacity is excellent, and emergence rate, shortening budding time and the seed that can effectively improve each fruit vegetable plants all sprout the time, and seedling vigorous index is high.

Description

A kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables and its preparation method and application
Technical field
The present invention relates to method for culturing seedlings technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables and its preparation side Method and application.
Background technology
The earliest blank of the factorial praluction of plant appears in the facilities horticulture in Northern Europe, and Vegetables Factory Plantation Growing Seedlings are in plant It is gradually differentiated in the evolution of batch production, has formed an independent industry.For the modernization agriculture for realizing domestic Industry walks with world's pace, and industrial seedling rearing, factorial praluction are all inexorable trends.Wherein, what industrial seedling rearing was the most key is exactly The selection of seedling medium.
Traditional seedling medium accounts for the 50-60% of matrix total amount mostly using turf as primary raw material, or even needs to be up to 70-80%, could meet the nursery demand of plant, and cost is higher.And turf belongs to non-renewable resources, relies on turf for a long time, Larger destruction can be caused to environment；Also, turf maldistribution of the resources is even, and by territory restriction, long-distance transport, which can also increase, educates Seedling cost.Though in addition, turf total nitrogen content height, mostly organic nitrogen, it is difficult to be absorbed and used by plants, the direct utilization rate of seedling Lowly, fertilizer efficiency is relatively poor, and when the water content of matrix is less than 40%, matrix does not absorb water, and watering is difficult, influences plant Nursery process.
In view of this, special propose the present invention.
Invention content
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables, be fermented using waste agriculturally Production regeneration matrix replaces or part replaces turf and trade waste to replace turf, reduces to non-renewable resource grass The consumption of charcoal forms effective ecological circulation economy, and can improve seedling medium fertilizer efficiency and reduce seedling medium at This.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables, the side Method is simple for process, is suitable for large-scale production, improves production efficiency, reduces production cost.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of application of the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables, the nursery base Matter is suitable for the nursery of fruit vegetable plants, and the seedling medium can be universally used in the nursery of fruit vegetables, especially suitable for tomato, Huang The nursery of the fruit vegetable plants such as melon, circle eggplant, sharp green pepper, watermelon and pumpkin can effectively improve emergence rate, the contracting of each fruit vegetable plants Short budding time and seed all sprout the time, and seedling vigorous index is high, and water suction is rapid, save watering time, use manpower and material resources sparingly.
In order to realize that the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy use following technical scheme：
A kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables, the seedling medium are mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number：
25-40 parts of turfs, 30-70 parts of flyash, 5-40 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 1-20 parts of vermiculites.
Preferably, the seedling medium is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number：
30-40 parts of turfs, 40-60 parts of flyash, 10-30 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 5-15 parts of vermiculites.
Preferably, the seedling medium is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number：
40 parts of turfs, 50 parts of flyash, 20 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 10 parts of vermiculites.
Seedling medium of the present invention is prepared using the special composition of specific usage ratio, has lighting, height The advantages that permeability, getting fat, high yield, water conservation, is conducive to improve emergence rate, accelerate especially suitable for the nursery of fruit vegetable plants Speed of emergence, accelerates plant growth rate at nurturing staff；Seedling medium of the present invention makes full use of waste agriculturally Production regeneration matrix replaces or part replaces turf, reduces the consumption to non-renewable resource turf, forms effective ecology Circular economy, and the fertilizer efficiency of seedling medium can be improved and reduce the cost of seedling medium.
Preferably, the content of organic matter >=30% of the turf, proportion 0.5-0.7g/cm3, pH 5.5-6.5.
The content of organic matter in turf of the present invention is 30% or more, and quality is soft to be easy to fragmentary, proportion 0.5- 0.7g/cm3, it is in brown or black, pH value is generally 5.5-6.5, is in subacidity more；Its main function is the physics for improving product Character increases the aeration of product.
Preferably, the pH of the flyash is 6.5-8.5, salinity 0-0.3%, unit weight 0.6-1.0g/cm3, burn and lose Amount is 5-8%.
The preferred pH of flyash of the present invention is 6.5-8.5, salinity 0-0.3%, unit weight 0.6-1.0g/cm3, burn lose Amount is 5-8%, grain size is 1-100 μm, and matrix permeability can be made to increase, be conducive to root system development, is drawn from matrix more Nutrient；Flyash can be such that substrate temperature increases, this is to the conversion of matrix nutrient, the movable growth and development with plant of microorganism There are facilitation, flyash that can make immature soil into cultivated land, improves the spread condition of matrix porosity and nutrient in the substrate, can be improved The content of available nutrient in matrix reaches the purpose and effect for improving yield.Also, flyash is trade waste One kind, improve wasted resources rate, reduce cost.
Mushroom slag fermentation object can provide nutrient for matrix, can improve matrix physical property, improve the whole ventilation of matrix Hole mitigates matrix unit weight, improves matrix water holding capacity, promotes the formation of base kibble structure, maintains and improve matrix fertility.
Vermiculite has the ability of ion exchange, it has great effect to the nutrition of matrix, has loose matrix, gas permeability Well, the features such as water absorbing force is strong, and temperature change is small, is conducive to the growth of crop, can also reduce the input of fertilizer.
Preferably, the pH of the mushroom slag fermentation object is 6.5-7.5, proportion 0.6-1.0g/cm3, salinity 0.6- 0.8%.It is furthermore preferred that the mushroom cinder ladle include Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and one kind in oyster mushroom mushroom slag or It is a variety of.
It uses the mushroom slag after fermentation that can provide nutrient for matrix, and matrix physical property can be improved, increase matrix Integral vent gap, mitigate matrix unit weight, improve the water holding capacity of matrix, promote the formation of base kibble structure, maintain simultaneously Improve matrix fertility.
Contain a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, is also rich in mycelia residuum albumen, amino Acid, fat and several mineral materials, can effectively improve the fertility of matrix, increase the integral vent gap of matrix, improve water conservation Ability.
Containing ingredients such as total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, crude fibre, protein, crude fat, ash content and phosphorus in mushroom residue, make mushroom Mushroom slag can be used as a kind of organic fertilizer, can improve the quantity and enzymatic activity of microorganism in matrix, with the increase of additive amount, very Bacterium number amount, Population of Actinomycetes, chitinase activity and dehydrogenase activity increase, and improve matrix quality, improve the oxidation of microorganism Reducing power, and disease pest is inhibited to breed, it improves matrix and potentially presses down sick ability.In addition, mushroom residue can generate corruption in matrix Matter is grown, matrix venting capability and water retention property are promoted.
Comprising a large amount of crude fibre, lignin, mycoprotein, minerals in oyster mushroom mushroom slag, contain simultaneously abundant organic Substance and trace element, N, P, K nutrient content are abundant, can effectively improve matrix fertilizer efficiency, improve plant growth quality.
Preferably, the fermentation process of the mushroom slag fermentation object includes：Mushroom slag is added into water, adjusts water content to 50%-65% It ferments, when temperature rise is to 60 DEG C or more, carries out turning, be down to room temperature when heap temperature and complete fermentation to get mushroom slag Fermentate.It is furthermore preferred that in fermentation process, when heap body water content is down to 50% or less moisturizing, adjusting heap body water content to 50%- 65%.
Preferably, the mushroom cinder ladle includes Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag.It is furthermore preferred that The Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag mass ratio be (3-4) ﹕ (3-4) ﹕ (1-2) ﹕ (1- 2)。
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables, include the following steps：
After each raw material is sieved, mix in proportion to get the seedling medium.
Preferably, each raw material is crossed into 5-7mm sieves, mixed in proportion to get the seedling medium.
The preparation method of seedling medium of the present invention, it is simple for process, it is suitable for large-scale production, improves production effect Rate reduces production cost.
Preferably, after in proportion crushing raw material, the sieve of 5-7mm is crossed, is uniformly mixed to get the seedling medium.
The present invention also provides a kind of application of the general seedling medium of the fruit vegetables, the seedling medium is used for fruit and vegetable The nursery of class plant.
Preferably, the fruit vegetable plants include tomato, cucumber, circle eggplant, sharp green pepper, watermelon and pumpkin.
Preferably, the method for the nursery includes：Matrix is fitted into hole tray, cave is pressed, seed point is sowed in cave, is covered The hole tray of sowing is put into seedbed and carries out vernalization, nursery by vermiculite.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention include：
(1) seedling medium of the present invention regenerates matrix replacement or part using waste fermenting and producing agriculturally Instead of turf, the consumption to non-renewable resource turf is reduced, forms effective ecological circulation economy, and nursery can be improved The fertilizer efficiency of matrix and the cost for reducing seedling medium；
(2) seedling medium emergence rate of the present invention is high, up to 96%-100%；Also, go out full stand and rapid；
(3) the water interception of seedling medium of the present invention is high, and matrix water holding capacity is excellent；
(4) preparation method of seedling medium of the present invention, it is simple for process, it is suitable for large-scale production, improves production Efficiency reduces production cost；
(5) seedling medium of the present invention be suitable for fruit vegetable plants nursery, especially suitable for tomato, cucumber, The nursery of the fruit vegetable plants such as circle eggplant, sharp green pepper, watermelon and pumpkin can effectively improve the emergence rate of each fruit vegetable plants, shorten Budding time and seed all sprout the time, and seedling vigorous index is high, and water suction is rapid, save watering time, use manpower and material resources sparingly.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific implementation mode, but ability Field technique personnel will be understood that following described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, It is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects It encloses.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Agents useful for same or instrument Production firm person is not specified, is the conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
Seedling medium of the present invention is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number：
25-40 parts of turfs, 30-70 parts of flyash, 5-40 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 1-20 parts of vermiculites.
Seedling medium of the present invention is prepared using the special composition of specific usage ratio, has lighting, height The advantages that permeability, getting fat, high yield, water conservation, is conducive to improve emergence rate, accelerate especially suitable for the nursery of fruit vegetable plants Speed of emergence, accelerates plant growth rate at nurturing staff；Seedling medium of the present invention makes full use of waste agriculturally Production regeneration matrix replaces or part replaces turf, reduces the consumption to non-renewable resource turf, forms effective ecology Circular economy, and the fertilizer efficiency of seedling medium can be improved and reduce the cost of seedling medium.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the seedling medium is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number It arrives：
30-40 parts of turfs, 40-60 parts of flyash, 10-30 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 5-15 parts of vermiculites.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the seedling medium is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number It arrives：
40 parts of turfs, 50 parts of flyash, 20 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 10 parts of vermiculites.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the content of organic matter >=30% of the turf, proportion 0.5-0.7g/ cm3, pH 5.5-6.5.
In an of the invention preferred embodiment, the pH of the flyash is 6.5-8.5, salinity 0-0.3%, and unit weight is 0.6-1.0g/cm3, loss on ignition 5-8%.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pH of the mushroom slag fermentation object is 6.5-7.5, proportion 0.6-1.0g/ cm3, salinity 0.6-0.8%.It is furthermore preferred that the mushroom cinder ladle includes Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom It is one or more in mushroom slag.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fermentation process of the mushroom slag fermentation object includes：Mushroom slag is added into water, is adjusted Water content is fermented to 50%-65%, when temperature rise is to 60 DEG C or more, turning is carried out, when heap temperature is down to room temperature Fermentation is completed to get mushroom slag fermentation object.It is furthermore preferred that in fermentation process, when heap body water content is down to 50% or less moisturizing, adjust Heap body water content is to 50%-65%.
In an of the invention preferred embodiment, the mushroom cinder ladle include Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and Oyster mushroom mushroom slag.It is furthermore preferred that the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag mass ratio be (3- 4) ﹕ (3-4) ﹕ (1-2) ﹕ (1-2).
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of seedling medium, include the following steps：
After each raw material is sieved, mix in proportion to get the seedling medium.Seedling medium of the present invention Preparation method, it is simple for process, it is suitable for large-scale production, improves production efficiency, reduces production cost.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each raw material is crossed into 5-7mm sieves, mixes in proportion and is educated to get described Seedling matrix.
The present invention also provides a kind of application of the seedling medium, the seedling medium is educated for fruit vegetable plants Seedling.Preferably, the fruit vegetable plants include tomato, cucumber, circle eggplant, sharp green pepper, watermelon and pumpkin.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method for the nursery includes：Matrix is fitted into hole tray, cave is pressed, it will Seed point is sowed in cave, covers vermiculite, and the hole tray of sowing, which is put into seedbed, carries out vernalization, nursery.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of seedling medium, includes the following steps：
(1) it is that 3 ﹕, 3 ﹕, 1 ﹕ 1 weigh Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag in mass ratio, mixes After uniformly, adds the water content that water adjusts mushroom slag mixture to ferment to 60%, turning is carried out when temperature rise is to 60 DEG C, when Heap temperature completes fermentation when dropping to room temperature, obtains mushroom slag fermentation object, spare；
(2) in terms of volume parts, prepare 40 parts of turfs, 50 parts of flyash, 20 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects and 10 parts of vermiculites, crush Afterwards, the sieve for crossing 5-7mm, is sufficiently mixed and stirs evenly to get the seedling medium.
Wherein, the content of organic matter >=30% of the turf, proportion 0.5-0.7g/cm3, pH 5.5-6.5；The powder The pH of coal ash is 6.5-8.5, salinity 0-0.3%, unit weight 0.6-1.0g/cm3, loss on ignition 5-8%；The mushroom slag fermentation The pH of object is 6.5-7.5, proportion 0.6-1.0g/cm3, salinity 0.6-0.8%.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1 differs only in turf, flyash, mushroom slag fermentation object and leech The volume parts of stone are respectively 25 parts, 40 parts, 10 parts and 5 parts.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1 differs only in turf, flyash, mushroom slag fermentation object and leech The volume parts of stone are respectively 30 parts, 60 parts, 30 parts and 15 parts.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1 differs only in turf, flyash, mushroom slag fermentation object and leech The volume parts of stone are respectively 25 parts, 30 parts, 5 parts and 1 part.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1 differs only in turf, flyash, mushroom slag fermentation object and leech The volume parts of stone are respectively 40 parts, 70 parts, 40 parts and 20 parts.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, it is only Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag hair to differ only in mushroom slag fermentation object Ferment object.
Embodiment 7
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, it is only mushroom residue fermentation to differ only in mushroom slag fermentation object Object.
Embodiment 8
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, it is only needle mushroom slag hair to differ only in mushroom slag fermentation object Ferment object.
Embodiment 9
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, it is only oyster mushroom mushroom slag fermentation to differ only in mushroom slag fermentation object Object.
Embodiment 10
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, it is that 2 ﹕, 2 ﹕, 1 ﹕ 1 weigh Pleurotus eryngii in mass ratio to differ only in Mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag ferment, and obtain mushroom slag fermentation object.
Embodiment 11
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, it is that 3 ﹕, 3 ﹕, 2 ﹕ 2 weigh Pleurotus eryngii in mass ratio to differ only in Mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag ferment, and obtain mushroom slag fermentation object.
Embodiment 12
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, differs only in：When preparing mushroom slag fermentation object, water is added to adjust Water content is fermented to 50%.
Embodiment 13
The preparation method of the present embodiment reference implementation example 1, differs only in：When preparing mushroom slag fermentation object, water is added to adjust Water content is fermented to 65%.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of 1 reference implementation example 1 of comparative example, difference lies in be added without vermiculite.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of 2 reference implementation example 1 of comparative example, difference lies in be added without flyash.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of 3 reference implementation example 1 of comparative example, difference lies in turf, the bodies of flyash, mushroom slag fermentation object and vermiculite Product number is respectively 50 parts, 50 parts, 20 parts and 10 parts.
Comparative example 4
Seedling medium (production firm of the commercially available country：Lingshou County Lv Chen mineral products processings factory；Model：Precious green plain matrix).
Comparative example 5
Commercially available import seedling medium (production firm：German Floragard companies；Model：5-7mm specifications peat growing medium).
Experimental example 1
For the physical and chemical index of comparative illustration various embodiments of the present invention and the seedling medium of comparative example, to each seedling medium Unit weight, total porosity, aeration porosity, pH, salt content, TN, TP, TK and the content of organic matter are tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The physical and chemical index of the different seedling mediums of table 1
The seedling medium of the embodiment of the present invention has suitable unit weight, when plant growth it is larger heavier when, also can be compared with Good fixation plant；And the seedling medium unit weight in comparative example is relatively low, can cause plant growth it is larger heavier when, cannot be preferable Fixation plant, be easy lodging.
Experimental example 2
It is for the performance of comparative illustration various embodiments of the present invention and the seedling medium of comparative example, each seedling medium is right respectively Cucumber, tomato, circle eggplant, sharp green pepper, watermelon and pumpkin carry out hole plate seedling growth experiment, carry out 50 caves respectively, when to emergence rate, budding Between, seed all sprouts the time and seedling vigorous index is tested, test result is shown in Table 2-5.
Specifically method for culturing seedlings includes：
(1) hole tray selection and disinfection：Use size for the hole tray of 54.9 × 27.8cm, specification is 32 hole hole trays, by hole tray It is placed in the Eusol (i.e. 1kg bleaching powder adds 99kg water to be formulated) of 100 times of dilution, impregnates 8-10h, taking-up is dried standby With；
(2) sabot and pressure cave：By the matrix in the embodiment of the present invention in disk, scraped from a side of hole tray to another with scraper plate One side makes each hole tray fill the hole of matrix, especially quadrangle and disk side, and matrix is unable to overpack, fills rear each Cell compartment should be able to be high-visible, not compress firmly when sabot, the physical behavior of matrix is avoided to receive destruction；The disk installed will carry out It is twice of seed diameter to press cave, depression depths；
(3) it sows：By seed program request in cave, per one, cave, broadcast leakage is avoided；Then vermiculite is poured in hole tray, with scraping Plate is scraped from a side of hole tray removes extra vermiculite to another party, and the vermiculite for covering hole tray should not be blocked up, equal with cell compartment to be Preferably；
(4) seed plate enters bed：The seedlings nursing plate sowed is laid in seedbed, humidity is maintained at 80% or more；
(5) seedling management：Seed moves out seedling rearing room after appearing, in the morning with the dusk when spray moisture.
Wherein, the measuring method of the seedling vigorous index is the plant for taking 15 growing way equalizations respectively, measure its plant height, Stem thickness, ground fresh weight, root fresh weight, ground dry weight, root dry weight, calculate seedling vigorous index according to the following formula：
Seedling vigorous index=(complete stool fresh weight+complete stool dry weight) × plant height/ground stem thickness.
Emergence rate (unit of the different seedling mediums of table 2 to fruit vegetable plants：%)
Budding time (unit of the different seedling mediums of table 3 to fruit vegetable plants：d)
Number Tomato Cucumber Circle eggplant Sharp green pepper Watermelon Pumpkin
Embodiment 1 4 4 7 15 7 7
Embodiment 2 4.5 4.5 7 16 7.5 7
Embodiment 3 4 5 8 15 7 7.5
Embodiment 4 5 4.5 7.5 16 7 7
Embodiment 5 5 5 8 15 7.5 7
Embodiment 6 5 5 8.5 16 8 8
Embodiment 7 4.5 5.5 9 16 8.5 8.5
Embodiment 8 5 5 8.5 16.5 8 9
Embodiment 9 5 5 9 16 8 8
Embodiment 10 4.5 5 8.5 16 8 8
Embodiment 11 4.5 4.5 8 16 8.5 8.5
Embodiment 12 5 5.5 9 17 8 8.5
Embodiment 13 5 5 9 16.5 8 9
Comparative example 1 6 7 10.5 17.5 9.5 9
Comparative example 2 7 6.5 11 17 10 9
Comparative example 3 5.5 6 10 17 9 9
Comparative example 4 6 6 10 18 9 9
Comparative example 5 5 5 11 17 7 8
The different seedling mediums of table 4 all sprout the time (unit to the seed of fruit vegetable plants：d)
Number Tomato Cucumber Circle eggplant Sharp green pepper Watermelon Pumpkin
Embodiment 1 7 6 7 15 10 12
Embodiment 2 8 6 7 16 11 12
Embodiment 3 7 7 8 15 10 13
Embodiment 4 8.5 7 8 16 11 13
Embodiment 5 8 7.5 8 15 11 12
Embodiment 6 8 7 8.5 16 11.5 13
Embodiment 7 7.5 7.5 9 16 12 13.5
Embodiment 8 8 7 8.5 16.5 12 14
Embodiment 9 8 7 9 16 12 13
Embodiment 10 7.5 7 8.5 16 11 13
Embodiment 11 7.5 7 8 16 12 13.5
Embodiment 12 8 8 9 17 11.5 14
Embodiment 13 8 8 9 17 12 14
Comparative example 1 9 9 10.5 17.5 13 15
Comparative example 2 10 8.5 11 17 14 15
Comparative example 3 8.5 8 10 17 13 14
Comparative example 4 9 7 11 20 11 15
Comparative example 5 7 7 11 17 9 12
Seedling vigorous index of the different seedling mediums of table 5 to fruit vegetable plants
By above-mentioned each table it is found that matrix emergence rate of the present invention is high, go out full stand and rapid, and seedling vigorous index is high, Obtained seedling quality is good.
Experimental example 3
For the water-absorbing-retaining performance of comparative illustration various embodiments of the present invention and the seedling medium of comparative example, by each nursery base Matter is respectively charged into PV material casees that (the long 0.15m of babinet, width 0.08m, high 0.12m, bottom beats the hole of size equalization in same position The geotextiles of size equalization are spread in hole, bottom), the high 9cm of matrix.The rainy scene of simulation spreads spray irrigation pipe in upper box part, adjusts sprinkling irrigation Head pressure, makes the water yield in each case be consistent, and container reception is placed not by the water of matrix entrapment by bottom portion.After tested, Jet flow amount in per case is in 4.38mm/ (min/m2), spray in each case 15min.Record each chest initially produce water time t1, Production water time t2 and water yield V1 are terminated, matrix entrapment amount V2 and infiltration rate f is calculated；And respectively according to the aqueous of matrix Amount difference does three groups, and water content of substrate is 10% (first group), water content of substrate is 30% (second group) and water content of substrate is 50% (third group), to simulate matrix under the conditions of different drought, the ability and infiltration rate of the water that shuts off of matrix when watering are surveyed Test result is shown in Table 6-8.
Wherein, matrix entrapment amount V2=sprinkling irrigations amount-water yield V1；
Infiltration rate f=matrix entrapment amounts V2/ (babinet cross-sectional area S × initial production water time t1).
The ability and infiltration rate of the water that shuts off of 6 first groups of difference seedling mediums of table
Number t1(min) t2(min) V2(cm3) f(cm/min)
Embodiment 1 11.2 19.7 756 0.56
Embodiment 2 10.1 17.7 739 0.61
Embodiment 3 10.5 17.2 743 0.59
Embodiment 4 10.1 17.0 739 0.61
Embodiment 5 10.2 16.9 722 0.59
Embodiment 6 10.2 17.3 746 0.61
Embodiment 7 10.3 16.7 729 0.59
Embodiment 8 10.5 17.2 718 0.57
Embodiment 9 10.3 17.6 729 0.59
Embodiment 10 10.3 17.0 741 0.58
Embodiment 11 10.4 17.1 717 0.61
Embodiment 12 10.1 16.9 751 0.62
Embodiment 13 9.9 16.8 725 0.61
Comparative example 1 6.1 15.7 549 0.75
Comparative example 2 7.9 16.2 645 0.68
Comparative example 3 10.3 16.6 729 0.59
Comparative example 4 3.1 16.1 143 0.38
Comparative example 5 4.5 16.3 152 0.28
The ability and infiltration rate of the water that shuts off of 7 second groups of difference seedling mediums of table
The ability and infiltration rate of the water that shuts off of 8 third group difference seedling medium of table
It is found that the number of commercially available seedling medium water content itself can influence the absorption of moisture from above-mentioned table, work as matrix When water content is less than 30%, matrix water absorption is very small, needs frequently to water or even when water content is low, matrix can be washed away, Increase the difficulty of nursery.And the water-absorbing-retaining ability of the seedling medium of the present invention is good.In addition, seedling medium of the present invention at This is less than import seedling medium, and the nursery effect of seedling medium of the present invention is excellent.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：Its according to So can with technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified, either to which part or all technical features into Row equivalent replacement；And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of scheme.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables, which is characterized in that the seedling medium is mainly by the raw material of following volumes number It is prepared：
25-40 parts of turfs, 30-70 parts of flyash, 5-40 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 1-20 parts of vermiculites；
Preferably, the seedling medium is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number：
30-40 parts of turfs, 40-60 parts of flyash, 10-30 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 5-15 parts of vermiculites；
Preferably, the seedling medium is mainly prepared by the raw material of following volumes number：
40 parts of turfs, 50 parts of flyash, 20 parts of mushroom slag fermentation objects, 10 parts of vermiculites.
2. the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the content of organic matter of the turf >= 30%, proportion 0.5-0.7g/cm3, pH 5.5-6.5.
3. the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pH of the flyash is 6.5- 8.5, salinity 0-0.3%, unit weight 0.6-1.0g/cm3, loss on ignition 5-8%.
4. the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pH of the mushroom slag fermentation object is 6.5-7.5, proportion 0.6-1.0g/cm3, salinity 0.6-0.8%；
Preferably, the mushroom cinder ladle includes one kind or more in Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag Kind.
5. the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fermentation side of the mushroom slag fermentation object Method includes：Mushroom slag is added into water, water content is adjusted and ferments to 50%-65%, when temperature rise is to 60 DEG C or more, turned over Heap is down to room temperature when heap temperature and completes fermentation to get mushroom slag fermentation object；
Preferably, in fermentation process, when heap body water content is down to 50% or less moisturizing, adjusting heap body water content to 50%-65%.
6. the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mushroom cinder ladle includes Pleurotus eryngii mushroom It is one or more in slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag；
Preferably, the mass ratio of the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom slag, mushroom residue, needle mushroom slag and oyster mushroom mushroom slag is (3-4) ﹕ (3-4) ﹕ (1-2) ﹕ (1-2).
7. the preparation method of the general seedling medium of claim 1-6 any one of them fruit vegetables, which is characterized in that including as follows Step：After each raw material is sieved, mix in proportion to get the seedling medium.
8. the preparation method of the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables according to claim 7, which is characterized in that each raw material is crossed 5- 7mm is sieved, and is mixed in proportion to get the seedling medium.
9. the application of the general seedling medium of claim 1-6 any one of them fruit vegetables, which is characterized in that the seedling medium Nursery for fruit vegetable plants；
Preferably, the fruit vegetable plants include tomato, cucumber, circle eggplant, sharp green pepper, watermelon and pumpkin.
10. the application of the general seedling medium of fruit vegetables according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the method for the nursery Including：Matrix is fitted into hole tray, cave is pressed, seed point is sowed in cave, covers vermiculite, the hole tray of sowing, which is put into seedbed, to be carried out Vernalization, nursery.
CN201810496288.4A 2018-05-22 2018-05-22 A kind of general seedling medium of fruit vegetables and its preparation method and application Pending CN108782129A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110122265A (en) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-16 北京农学院 Mushroom slag fermentation product and include its fruit vegetables cultivation matrix and its application
CN112293572A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-02-02 甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 Vegetable plug seedling substrate

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CN103828700A (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-06-04 北京农学院 Tomato soilless cultivation compound substrate and preparation method thereof
CN105850579A (en) * 2016-04-07 2016-08-17 盐城工学院 Succulent plant mushroom residue source substrate and preparation method thereof
CN106278478A (en) * 2016-08-22 2017-01-04 淮安市中禾农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of special seedling medium of solanaceous vegetables
CN106831210A (en) * 2017-04-13 2017-06-13 杨寨 A kind of green house of vegetables special nutrient soil and preparation method thereof
CN107980546A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-05-04 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of blueberry cultivation matrix modifier and its preparation method and application

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CN102823482A (en) * 2012-09-20 2012-12-19 哈尔滨润禾农业有限公司 Cold region paddy seedling culture matrix
CN103828700A (en) * 2014-03-13 2014-06-04 北京农学院 Tomato soilless cultivation compound substrate and preparation method thereof
CN105850579A (en) * 2016-04-07 2016-08-17 盐城工学院 Succulent plant mushroom residue source substrate and preparation method thereof
CN106278478A (en) * 2016-08-22 2017-01-04 淮安市中禾农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of special seedling medium of solanaceous vegetables
CN106831210A (en) * 2017-04-13 2017-06-13 杨寨 A kind of green house of vegetables special nutrient soil and preparation method thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110122265A (en) * 2019-06-12 2019-08-16 北京农学院 Mushroom slag fermentation product and include its fruit vegetables cultivation matrix and its application
CN112293572A (en) * 2020-12-01 2021-02-02 甘肃省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 Vegetable plug seedling substrate

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Application publication date: 20181113