CN102823481A - Special melon culture medium taking coco coir as raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special melon culture medium taking coco coir as raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823481A CN102823481A CN2012103449668A CN201210344966A CN102823481A CN 102823481 A CN102823481 A CN 102823481A CN 2012103449668 A CN2012103449668 A CN 2012103449668A CN 201210344966 A CN201210344966 A CN 201210344966A CN 102823481 A CN102823481 A CN 102823481A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special melon culture medium taking coco coir as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of: evenly mixing coco coir, active organic fertilizer and lime and carrying out high-temperature windrow composting fermentation until the decomposition is finished so as to obtain an organic raw material; and sieving river sand and evenly mixing the fully fermented organic fertilizer with the river sand in volume ratio of 2.15: 1 to obtain the culture medium. The preparation method is simple in process and the wide coco shell resource in Hainan is fully utilized, so that the physicochemical characters of the medium are effectively improved, the untoward effects of single mediums are decreased, the growth of melon plants and the like is promoted, the production cost can be reduced while the commodity quality of the melon is ensured, the reasonable utilization of the coco coir resource is realized, the virtuous ecological cycle is realized, benefit is brought to the agricultural sustainable development and apparent social benefit, economic benefit and environmental ecological benefit are provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation field, relate to a kind of cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof, specifically be a kind of be the special-purpose cultivation matrix of muskmelon and preparation method thereof of raw material with the coconut palm chaff.
Background technology
Muskmelon is 1 year herbaceous plant that overgrows of Curcurbitaceae Cucumis, because of its kind is good, and unique flavor, very popular, national muskmelon cultivated area was a hectare surplus in the of 390,000 in 2009, was one of melon crop of China's common cultivated.In recent years; Since continuous cropping obstacle problems such as the soil cultivation soil secondary salinization, the soil-borne disease that cause are serious had a strong impact on muskmelon yield and quality; Greatly having hindered the development of muskmelon industry, is the effective way that addresses this problem and utilize cultivation technique without soil to carry out muskmelon production.
The carrier that composite interstitial substance is grown seedlings and cultivated as crop seed has appreciable impact to the growth of seedling and plant.In the muskmelon soilless culture, adopt peat, vermiculite, perlite etc. to be used widely as soilless culture substrate.But the formation of peat is extremely slow, needs through some geological epoches.Simultaneously because the particularity of peat wetland environment is the condition created that breeds of large number of biological.The exhaustive exploitation of peat will make earth resource deficient, and ecotope is seriously damaged.Therefore, research and development organic matrix that substitutes economical, practical, environment-friendly type is present problem demanding prompt solution to substitute peat.
The coconut palm chaff is a kind of fiber dust that can Natural Degradation that splits away off in the cocoanut husk fiber process process, also is one of good soilless culture organic media.It has good moisture capacity and gas permeability, helps root system of plant and in process of growth, well absorbs nutrient and moisture content.Be applied at present in the cultivation matrixes such as wild cabbage, the red palm, pineapple.China's coconut cultivated area is bigger, and coconut palm chaff resource is particularly abundant.The coconut palm chaff has obtained extensive use as a kind of novel organic soilless cultivation matrix in muskmelon cave, Hainan disk base material is grown seedlings and cultivated, have progressively to replace the trend of peat as cultivation matrix.But Hainan coconut palm chaff fermentation process is lack of standardization at present, and coconut palm chaff composite interstitial substance proportioning is unreasonable, makes that coconut palm chaff availability is not high, causes the resource serious waste.Therefore, to above problem, the coconut palm furfuryl group matter of researching and developing out wide material sources, cheap, environmentally friendly type and being convenient to scale commodity production seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of is the special-purpose cultivation matrix of muskmelon and preparation method thereof of raw material with the coconut palm chaff; The coconut palm chaff abundant with Hainan local resources is raw material, is equipped with active organic fertilizer, lime, river sand etc., through physicochemical property and nutrient situation analysis; Through growing seedlings in a large number and experiment in cultivation; Network analysis muskmelon plant strain growth, output and physiological and biochemical index, through regression analysis and model optimizing, the optimal economic type prescription that from a large amount of mixed substrate prescriptions, screens.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted:
A kind of is the special-purpose cultivation matrix of muskmelon of raw material with the coconut palm chaff, is by the sufficient Organic Ingredients of fermentation and river sand 2.15:1 ratio mixing and processing by volume; The sufficient Organic Ingredients of said fermentation is with coconut palm chaff, active organic fertilizer and lime mixing, adopts anaerobic fermentation early stage, and the later stage adopts aerobic fermentation to make to becoming thoroughly decomposed, wherein 1m
3The coconut palm chaff adds active organic fertilizer 80～100kg, lime 6～8kg; Organic matter in the said active organic fertilizer>=30%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O>=4%.
The particle diameter of said river sand is at 0.5mm～2.0mm.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned cultivation matrix; Be by proportioning with coconut palm chaff, active organic fertilizer and lime mixing, carry out high temperature bar buttress formula compost fermentation then, cover compost with plastic film during fermentation; The initial moisture of heap body is 55～65%, and temperature is controlled at 55～65 ℃ in composting process; Fermentation mode: adopt anaerobic fermentation early stage, adopts aerobic fermentation after 20 days, whenever turns over once at a distance from 7 days heaps, finishes to obtain Organic Ingredients until becoming thoroughly decomposed.Get river sand and sieve, will ferment sufficient Organic Ingredients and river sand are mixed thoroughly with volume ratio 2.15:1 mixed and are made cultivation matrix.
Bottom width 3.0m, top width 2.0m, the high 1.5m of said buttress formula compost.
During use, cultivation matrix is sterilized disinfection way with 60 times of liquid of 40% formaldehyde: be tiled in the thick matrix to be sterilized of the about 10cm of one deck on the ground clean, that be lined with layer of plastic film, the formalin that will dilute then squirts this layer matrix; Then repave the second layer, squirt with formalin again, till all matrix that will sterilize are all squirted by formaldehyde solution; Cover sealing after 1～2 day with plastic film at last; Matrix after will sterilizing is again spread out, is exposed to the sun more than at least 2 days, in matrix, does not have formaldehyde odor to use.
Technology of the present invention is simple, has made full use of locality, Hainan coconut husk resource comparatively widely, improves the matrix physicochemical character effectively; Reduce the bad reaction of single-matrix, promote growths such as muskmelon plant, can under the prerequisite that guarantees the muskmelon marketing quality, reduce production costs; Realize the utilization of coconut palm chaff reasonable resources; Realize benign ecological cycles, helped agricultural sustainable development, had obvious social, economic benefit and environmental ecological benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.Should be understood that embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one
The cultivation matrix preparation:
(1) coconut husk being dried the back passes through to get the coconut palm chaff after the coconut husk doubling machine is pulverized;
(2) active organic fertilizer requires: organic>=30%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O>=4%.
(3) Organic Ingredients heap fermentation
1m
3The coconut palm chaff adds active organic fertilizer 85kg, lime 6kg.Adopt high temperature bar buttress formula compost, bottom width 3.0m, top width 2.0m, high 1.5m cover with plastic film.The initial moisture of heap body is 58%, and temperature is controlled at 55 ℃ in composting process.Adopt anaerobic fermentation early stage, adopts aerobic fermentation after 20 days, whenever turns over once at a distance from 7 days heaps, until the end of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(4) river sand is taken from local river shoal, and particle diameter is at 0.5mm-2.0mm.
(5) will ferment sufficient coconut palm chaff with sieve after river sand mix thoroughly with volume ratio 2.15:1 mixed.
The composite interstitial substance sterilization:
, be tiled in matrix to be sterilized on the ground clean, that be lined with layer of plastic film the about 10cm of one deck is thick the matrix after composite sterilization with 60 times of liquid of 40% formaldehyde, the formalin that will dilute then squirts this layer matrix; Then repave the second layer, squirt with formalin again, till all matrix that will sterilize are all squirted by formaldehyde solution; Cover sealing after 1-2 days with plastic film at last; Matrix after will sterilizing is again spread out, is exposed to the sun more than at least 2 days, in matrix, does not have formaldehyde odor to use.Measure its main physicochemical property and nutrient situation, the result sees table 1, table 2.
Embodiment two
The cultivation matrix preparation:
(1) coconut husk being dried the back passes through to get the coconut palm chaff after the coconut husk doubling machine is pulverized;
(2) active organic fertilizer requires: organic>=30%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O>=4%.
(3) Organic Ingredients heap fermentation
1m
3The coconut palm chaff adds active organic fertilizer 90kg, lime 7kg.Adopt high temperature bar buttress formula compost, bottom width 3.0m, top width 2.0m, high 1.5m cover with plastic film.The initial moisture of heap body is 60%, and temperature is controlled at 60 ℃ in composting process.Adopt anaerobic fermentation early stage, adopts aerobic fermentation after 20 days, whenever turns over once at a distance from 7 days heaps, until the end of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(4) river sand is taken from local river shoal, and particle diameter is at 0.5mm-2.0mm.
(5) will ferment sufficient coconut palm chaff with sieve after river sand mix thoroughly with volume ratio 2.15:1 mixed.
The composite interstitial substance sterilization:
, be tiled in matrix to be sterilized on the ground clean, that be lined with layer of plastic film the about 10cm of one deck is thick the matrix after composite sterilization with 60 times of liquid of 40% formaldehyde, the formalin that will dilute then squirts this layer matrix; Then repave the second layer, squirt with formalin again, till all matrix that will sterilize are all squirted by formaldehyde solution; Cover sealing after 1-2 days with plastic film at last; Matrix after will sterilizing is again spread out, is exposed to the sun more than at least 2 days, in matrix, does not have formaldehyde odor to use.Measure its main physicochemical property and nutrient situation, the result sees table 1, table 2.
Embodiment three
The cultivation matrix preparation:
(1) coconut husk being dried the back passes through to get the coconut palm chaff after the coconut husk doubling machine is pulverized;
(2) active organic fertilizer requires: organic>=30%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O>=4%.
(3) Organic Ingredients heap fermentation
1m
3The coconut palm chaff adds active organic fertilizer 95kg, lime 8kg.Adopt high temperature bar buttress formula compost, bottom width 3.0m, top width 2.0m, high 1.5m cover with plastic film.The initial moisture of heap body is about 60%, and temperature is controlled at about 60 ℃ in composting process.Adopt anaerobic fermentation early stage, adopts aerobic fermentation after 20 days, whenever turns over once at a distance from 7 days heaps, until the end of becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(4) river sand is taken from local river shoal, and particle diameter is at 0.5mm-2.0mm.
(5) will ferment sufficient coconut palm chaff with sieve after river sand mix thoroughly with volume ratio 2.15:1 mixed.
The composite interstitial substance sterilization:
, be tiled in matrix to be sterilized on the ground clean, that be lined with layer of plastic film the about 10cm of one deck is thick the matrix after composite sterilization with 60 times of liquid of 40% formaldehyde, the formalin that will dilute then squirts this layer matrix; Then repave the second layer, squirt with formalin again, till all matrix that will sterilize are all squirted by formaldehyde solution; Cover sealing after 1-2 days with plastic film at last; Matrix after will sterilizing is again spread out, is exposed to the sun more than at least 2 days, in matrix, does not have formaldehyde odor to use.Measure its main physicochemical property and nutrient situation, the result sees table 1, table 2.
Comparative trial:
(the coconut palm chaff: river sand=1:1), (the coconut palm chaff: river sand=4:1) measure its main physicochemical property and nutrient situation, the result sees table 1, table 2 to contrast matrix 2 to get contrast matrix 1.Each matrix is used for growing seedlings and cultivating of muskmelon, and the effect with each matrix compares then, and the result sees table 3, table 4.
The physicochemical property of the various matrix of table 1
The nutrient situation of the various matrix of table 2
Table 3 different substrates nursery effect relatively
Table 4 different substrates cultivation effect relatively
Can know by table 1 and table 2: the proportion of cultivation matrix provided by the present invention, unit weight, water content, total porosity, water holding hole, maximum water-holding capacity, NH
4 +-N, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content, pH and EC value are all between contrast matrix 1 and contrast matrix 2; And all in the suitable physicochemical property scope of general matrix; Suitable muskmelon growth; And see that from each item index cultivation matrix provided by the present invention can provide good rhizospheric environment and nutrition supply for muskmelon.
Can see from table 3; The hypocotyl rugosity of the muskmelon seedling that cultivation matrix provided by the present invention is cultivated, hypocotyl height, leaf area, on the ground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, dry weight, underground dry weight, strong sprout, index and root/shoot ratio all were higher than contrast matrix 1 and contrast matrix 2 on the ground; Show that thus cultivation matrix provided by the present invention can better promote muskmelon growth of seedlings and growth, can cultivate more healthy and stronger muskmelon seedling.
Can see from table 4; The fruit mass of the muskmelon that cultivation matrix provided by the present invention is cultivated, fruit shape index, soluble protein, soluble sugar, center soluble solid, edge soluble solid and output all are higher than contrast matrix 1 and contrast matrix 2; Show that thus cultivation matrix provided by the present invention can better promote the g and D of muskmelon, can significantly improve output, promote quality.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from know-why of the present invention; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is the special-purpose cultivation matrix of muskmelon of raw material with the coconut palm chaff, it is characterized in that by the sufficient Organic Ingredients of fermentation and river sand 2.15:1 ratio mixing and processing by volume; The sufficient Organic Ingredients of said fermentation is with coconut palm chaff, active organic fertilizer and lime mixing, adopts anaerobic fermentation early stage, and the later stage adopts aerobic fermentation to make to becoming thoroughly decomposed, wherein 1m
3The coconut palm chaff adds active organic fertilizer 80～100kg, lime 6～8kg; Organic matter in the said active organic fertilizer>=30%, N+P
2O
5+ K
2O>=4%.
2. cultivation matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the particle diameter of said river sand is at 0.5mm～2.0mm.
3. the preparation method of the described cultivation matrix of claim 1; It is characterized in that by proportioning coconut palm chaff, active organic fertilizer and lime mixing; Carry out high temperature bar buttress formula compost fermentation then; Cover compost with plastic film during fermentation, the initial moisture of heap body is 55～65%, and temperature is controlled at 55～65 ℃ in composting process; Fermentation mode: adopt anaerobic fermentation early stage, adopts aerobic fermentation after 20 days, whenever turns over once at a distance from 7 days heaps, finishes to obtain Organic Ingredients until becoming thoroughly decomposed; Get river sand and sieve, will ferment sufficient Organic Ingredients and river sand are mixed thoroughly with volume ratio 2.15:1 mixed and are made cultivation matrix.
4. the preparation method of cultivation matrix according to claim 3 is characterized in that: bottom width 3.0m, top width 2.0m, the high 1.5m of said buttress formula compost.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663401A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-06-03 | 潘明奎 | Soilless culture substrate |
| CN105379579A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-03-09 | 阜南县田隆花木种植有限公司 | Late autumn yellow pear potted landscape cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105594551A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-05-25 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | Soilless culture method of grapes |
| CN109717064A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-07 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of muskmelon soiless and three-dimensional culture method |
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| CN101665392A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Controlled-release special nitrogen fertilizer for greenhouse muskmelons, and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101665392A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | Controlled-release special nitrogen fertilizer for greenhouse muskmelons, and preparation method thereof |
| CN102167632A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-08-31 | 西北农林科技大学 | Special melon fertilizer and application method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104663401A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-06-03 | 潘明奎 | Soilless culture substrate |
| CN105379579A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-03-09 | 阜南县田隆花木种植有限公司 | Late autumn yellow pear potted landscape cultivation medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105594551A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-05-25 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | Soilless culture method of grapes |
| CN109717064A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-07 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of muskmelon soiless and three-dimensional culture method |
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Application publication date: 20121219 |