CN103435411A - Charcoal based plant cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Charcoal based plant cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a charcoal based plant cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The invention adopts the specific scheme that: after being dried, biomass material is pyrolyzed to form charcoal particles under an anoxic and heating condition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for neutralizing the alkalinity of the charcoal particles and filtering and drying are performed, and after a certain amount of inorganic fertilizer is added, the charcoal particles are fully mixed with inorganic filling material, organic filling material and organic fertilizer, namely the charcoal based plant cultivation substrate is obtained. The invention has the advantages that the physical chemical property is excellent, the nutrients are complete, the fertilizer efficiency is lasting, the moisture adjusting capability is strong, the cost is low, the ecological benefits are high, the suitability is strong, the application range is wide, and the charcoal based plant cultivation substrate is suitable for cultivation of various plants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation of charcoal base plant cultivation media, belong to soilless culture or agricultural wastes comprehensive utilization field.
Background technology
The substrate culture technology, owing to having the advantages such as safety and sanitation, quality product is high, plant-growth is controlled, has become most widely used a kind of cultivation technique without soil.When selecting plant cultivation media, at first require to draw materials easily, cheap, good chemical property is arranged, comprehensive nutrition, have stronger preserve moisture and fertility ability, can the long period meet the needs that cultivated plant grows; Next requires matrix that good physical behavior is arranged, and density is lower, and structure and permeability will be got well; The pH of matrix is moderate again, and the optimum pH of most plants cultivation matrix should be modulated to the 5.5-7.5 scope; Require in addition matrix free from foreign meter, be not with insect pest, disease carrying germ, do not have peculiar smell and stink.
The more plant cultivation media of the outer application of Present Domestic is mainly peat product.But because peatlands is the lens system of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is huge to attenuating atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, the effect of reduction Greenhouse effect, and overexploitation peat must affect global climate change.Peaty moor is important ecological wetland in addition, and the exploitation of peat certainly will damage the ecotope of depending on for existence of living species.For avoiding the deterioration of whole ecology, many countries have started to limit the use of peat development, and the price of peat class plant cultivation media is also therefore high.The surrogate of development peat or directly utilize other organism to become its developing direction from now on as cultivation matrix, but not yet find so far meet the substrate culture requirement and can be in plant production widely used effective cultivation matrix.
Charcoal is the class height aromatize infusibility solid matter produced through pyrolysis charring under the condition of anoxic wholly or in part by biological material, usually present alkalescence, quality is loose, and specific surface area is large, there is superpower fertilizer and hold the ability of staying, can reduce the loss of nutrient; Also there is stronger water retention property, can improve the matrix water retention capacity; Charcoal also contains some required nutritive elements of plant-growth in addition, and plant-growth is also had to promoter action.Therefore, charcoal has good application prospect and meaning in the soilless culture agricultural as matrix.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the applying biological Carbon Materials and prepare satisfactory plant cultivation media.In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of taking is as follows:
A kind of charcoal base plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that, be prepared by following step: by dry biological material pulverize for after the particle of diameter 0.5-5mm under anoxic and 200-700 ℃ of condition pyrolysis 1-10h form the granular biological charcoal; The granular biological charcoal is joined in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1-10%, stir 0.5-12h, until filter after the pH value stabilization of solution; By clear water washing 1-3 time for the charcoal particle after filtering, until the pH value of washings, between 5.5-7.5, is filtered drying; Calculate by mass the mineral manure of charcoal quality 0-2% is added in the charcoal particle, more by volume calculate 10 parts of charcoal particles, the mineral filler of 1-10 part, the organic filler of 0-5 part, 0-1 part organic fertilizer are fully mixed and get final product.
Described biological material is that the agricultural such as crop material, pericarp shell, rice chaff rice shell, bagasse bark, feces of livestock and poultry, fermentation residue, culled wood are elementary, secondary or transform residuum.Described mineral manure is nitrogenous or phosphorous or contains the mineral manure of potassium, or contains two kinds and above mineral manure in above-mentioned three kind of plant nutritive elements simultaneously.Described mineral filler is one or more the mixed material in river sand, haydite, rock wool, slag.Described organic filler is one or more the mixing material in wood chip, wood shavings, coconut palm chaff, mushroom slag, rice husk, bark, bagasse, stalk.Described organic fertilizer is Chicken dung or organic commercial fertilizer.Above-mentioned mineral filler, organic filler and organic fertilizer all need to pulverize the particle that is less than 5mm for diameter.
The present invention has following advantage:
1, substrate pH obtains Effective Regulation: the applying biological charcoal is that as the difficult point of plant cultivation media its pH presents alkalescence, and the suitableeest substrate pH of plant-growth is near neutral.The present invention uses potassium primary phosphate to soak charcoal, not only can neutralize its alkalescence, can also strengthen the ability that matrix provides phosphorus potash fertilizer.
2, the matrix physico-chemical property is good: the present invention uses charcoal to prepare plant cultivation media as main raw material, because the charcoal quality is slim and graceful, loose porous, therefore the aqueous vapor permeability of prepared matrix is good, preserve moisture and fertility power is strong, do not ftracture when dry, do not harden, not muddy when wet, promote the receptivity of plant root, thereby promote growing of plant.
3, the matrix nutrient is complete, fertilizer efficiency is lasting.Owing to containing a certain amount of plant nutrient in biomass charcoal, this matrix can be added organic and inorganic fertilizer according to the growth demand of different plants simultaneously, therefore can guarantee that matrix contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and plants and needs other nutritive elements.In addition, due to the adsorption of charcoal, fertilizer is adsorbed in the charcoal particle and slowly discharges, and also can play the effect of slow release long-acting.
4, the water supply in media regulating power is strong, prevents rotten of plant.With charcoal, as another advantage of matrix culturing plants, be can avoid because watering water excess, plant being rotted.Short texture after the biomaterial charing, the rear moisture that waters is absorbed, and under unnecessary moisture, seepage flow is walked, and is difficult for ponding, and root system of plant can absorb the required moisture of growth from matrix like this, can not cause because ventilation property is poor again breathing being obstructed.Easily upwards evaporation of moisture in matrix simultaneously, thus root ambient air humidity improved, and this point is particularly important in dry summer.
5, strong adaptability, applied range.The present invention only need to regulate the ratio of different material in formula according to the demand of cultivation object, applicable to all kinds of plants, especially is applicable to the growing and cultivation of flowers, gardens gardening and greengrocery plant.
6, with low cost, ecological benefits are higher.On the one hand, the raw material of charcoal used in the present invention is mainly taken from the agroforestry waste material, belongs to the agroforestry waste ' s reclamation, with low cost.On the other hand, the present invention has saved limited peat resource, and the control wetland destroys; The applying biological charcoal has been strengthened biological carbon solidification effect, has significant ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail, but is not limited to this.
Below mineral filler, organic filler and organic fertilizer in each embodiment all need to pulverize for diameter and mix with charcoal after being less than the particle of 5mm.
Embodiment 1
Dry wood chip is pulverized and is less than after the particle of 2mm pyrolysis 3h formation wood pellet charcoal under anoxic and 300 ℃ of conditions for diameter; The wood pellet charcoal is joined in 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir 2h, until filter after the pH value stabilization of solution; By clear water washing 2 times for the charcoal particle after filtering, the pH value of washings, in 6.5 left and right, is filtered drying; By volume calculate 10 parts of wood chip charcoal particles, 5 parts of river sands, 2 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 0.5 part of Chicken dung are fully mixed and get final product.
Embodiment 2
By the rice straw crushed after being dried, be that diameter is less than after the particle of 1mm pyrolysis 2.5h under anoxic and 400 ℃ of conditions and forms rice straw granular biological charcoal; Rice straw granular biological charcoal is joined in 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir 3h, until filter after the pH value stabilization of solution; By clear water washing 1 time for the charcoal particle after filtering, the pH value of washings, in 6 left and right, is filtered drying; Calculate by mass (the N: P by the composite fertilizer of charcoal 0.1%
2o
5: K
2o=15%: 15%: 15%) add in rice straw charcoal particle, by volume calculate 10 parts of rice straw charcoal particles, 10 parts of rock wools, 2 parts of bagasses, 1 part of organic commercial fertilizer are fully mixed and get final product.
Embodiment 3
By the Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae crushed after being dried, be that diameter is less than after the particle of 3mm pyrolysis 6h under anoxic and 200 ℃ of conditions and forms the peanut shell granular charcoal; The peanut shell granular charcoal is joined in 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir 1h, until filter after the pH value stabilization of solution; By clear water washing 2 times for the charcoal particle after filtering, the pH value of washings, in 5.7 left and right, is filtered drying; Calculate by mass the chemical fertilizer of charcoal 0.2% (Secondary ammonium phosphate and the saltpetre mass ratio mixture of 2: 1) is added in peanut hull biologic charcoal particle, by volume calculate 10 parts of peanut hull biologic charcoal particles, 7 parts of haydites, 3 parts of sawdusts, 0.8 part of organic commercial fertilizer are fully mixed and get final product.
Embodiment 4
By the cow dung crushed after being dried, be that diameter is less than after the particle of 1mm pyrolysis 2h under anoxic and 500 ℃ of conditions and forms the cow dung charcoal; The cow dung charcoal is joined in 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir 2h, until filter after the pH value stabilization of solution; By clear water washing 3 times for the charcoal particle after filtering, the pH value of washings, in 6 left and right, is filtered drying; Calculate by mass the chemical fertilizer of charcoal 1% (urea and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate mixture of 1: 1) is added in cow dung charcoal particle, by volume calculate 10 parts of cow dung charcoal particles, 10 parts of slags are fully mixed and get final product.
Embodiment 5
By the Chinese medicine slag crushed after being dried, be that diameter is less than after the particle of 2mm pyrolysis 3h under anoxic and 400 ℃ of conditions and forms Chinese medicine slag granular biological charcoal; Chinese medicine slag granular biological charcoal is joined in 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, stir 2h, until filter after the pH value stabilization of solution; By clear water washing 3 times for the charcoal particle after filtering, the pH value of washings, in 6.5 left and right, is filtered drying; Calculate by mass the chemical fertilizer of charcoal 0.1% (ammonium sulfate and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate mixture of 1: 2) is added in Chinese medicine slag charcoal particle, by volume calculate 10 parts of Chinese medicine slag charcoal particles, 1 part of rock wool, 5 parts of wood chips, 1 part of Chicken dung are fully mixed and get final product.
Application examples 1
Should the use-case test plant be high 2-2.5cm, the red palm tissue cultured seedling of health of 3 leaves of tool and 2-3 bar root.For the examination base starting material, be: 1. coconut palm chaff; 2. coconut palm chaff+river sand (V: V=2: 1); 3. peat; 4. apply charcoal matrix prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 method.Drench sufficient normal root water after field planting, keep afterwards matrix moistening, and control booth shading 60-70%, relative humidity 70-85%, temperature 25-30 ℃.Start routinely consumption after 15d and water and execute the flower leaf leaven, water 1 time every 10d.After 3 months, the growing state (as table 1) of transplanting survival rate and overground part and underground part is measured in random sampling.
Table 1 different substrates is cultivated red palm survival rate and growth situation
From above-mentioned application examples, can find out, 1), in peat and four kinds of red palm cultivation matrixes of charcoal matrix (embodiment 1) at coconut palm chaff, coconut palm chaff+river sand (V: V=2:, use merely the coconut palm chaff be processed into motility rate and growth and development state is the poorest, add the physics and chemistry state that river sand can improve matrix in the coconut palm chaff, improve the surviving rate of red palm plant and improve the plant development situation; Peat is better than coconut palm chaff and coconut palm chaff+river sand (V: V=2: 1) as the successful of matrix; And charcoal matrix (embodiment 1) is put up the best performance in four kinds of matrix, no matter the red palm of applying biological charcoal matrix (embodiment 1) cultivation is that survival rate of plant or vine growth and development situation all are better than other three kinds of matrix.
Application examples 2
Should use-case test plant material be cabbage heart, matrix used be respectively: 1. bagasse+rock wool (V: V=1: 1); 2. peat; 3. apply charcoal matrix prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2 methods.Be respectively charged into three kinds of matrix in bottom in porose plastic tub, process the composite fertilizer (N: P that 1. adds bagasse quality 0.1%
2o
5: K
2o=15%: 15%: 15%), process the composite fertilizer (N: P that 2. adds peat quality 0.1%
2o
5: K
2o=15%: 15%: 15%), process and 3. do not apply fertilizer.Mix after fertilising, be planted in basin after Brassica parachinensis seeds seed soaking, every basin final singling when second true leaf launches fully after emerging, after planting measure the seedling rate of cabbage heart, the indexs (result is as table 2) such as mensuration cabbage heart plant height, plant fresh weight and dry weight after 20d.
Table 2 different substrates cultivation cabbage heart seedling rate and growing state
As can be seen from the table, the prepared matrix of Application Example 2 has significant improvement than other two kinds of matrix to the seedling rate of cabbage heart, the growth indexes such as the plant height of cabbage heart plant, fresh weight and dry weight, also apparently higher than other two kinds of matrix, illustrate that charcoal plant cultivation substrate confrontation vegetable growing has the height suitability.
Application examples 3
Should the use-case test plant be cucumber, matrix used be respectively 1. sawdust+haydite (V: V=10: 7); 2. peat; 3. apply charcoal matrix prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3 methods.Process the chemical fertilizer that 1. adds sawdust quality 0.2%, process the chemical fertilizer that 2. adds peat quality 0.2%, above-mentioned chemical fertilizer is Secondary ammonium phosphate and the saltpetre mass ratio mixture of 2: 1, processes and does not 3. apply fertilizer.Planting type is the cultivation of bucket formula, the high 25cm of bucket, and bore 30cm, footpath, end 20cm, bucket spacing 25cm, line-spacing 1m, every barrel of field planting 3 strains, adopt conventional irrigation method.Respectively in cucumber at seedling stage, knot melon phase with measure that the plant height, stem of cucumber is thick, leaf area senescence phase, and record cucumber yield, the results are shown in Table 3.
The impact of table 3 different substrates cultivation on cucumber growth situation and output
As can be seen from the table, different times at cucumber growth, the cucumber that applying biological charcoal base cultivation matrix is produced is, leaf area thick from plant height, stem or cucumber yield aspect no matter, all be better than sawdust+haydite (V: V=10: 7) matrix and peat growing medium, basically identical with application examples 1 and application examples 2 conclusions.
Claims (6)
1. charcoal base plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that, be prepared by following step: by dry biological material pulverize for after the particle of diameter 0.5-5mm under anoxic and 200-700 ℃ of condition pyrolysis 1-10h form the granular biological charcoal; The granular biological charcoal is joined in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1-10%, stir 0.5-12h, until filter after the pH value stabilization of solution; By clear water washing 1-3 time for the charcoal particle after filtering, until the pH value of washings, between 5.5-7.5, is filtered drying; Calculate by mass the mineral manure of charcoal quality 0-2% is added in the charcoal particle, more by volume calculate 10 parts of charcoal particles, the mineral filler of 1-10 part, the organic filler of 0-5 part, 0-1 part organic fertilizer are fully mixed and get final product.
2. charcoal base plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biological material is that the agricultural such as crop material, pericarp shell, rice chaff rice shell, bagasse bark, feces of livestock and poultry, fermentation residue, culled wood are elementary, secondary or transform residuum.
3. charcoal base plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described mineral manure is nitrogenous or phosphorous or containing the mineral manure of potassium, or contains two kinds and above mineral manure in above-mentioned three kind of plant nutritive elements simultaneously.
4. charcoal base plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described mineral filler is one or more the mixed material in river sand, haydite, rock wool, slag, pulverizes the particle that is less than 5mm for diameter.
5. charcoal base plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic filler is one or more the mixing material in wood chip, wood shavings, coconut palm chaff, mushroom slag, rice husk, bark, bagasse, stalk, pulverizes the particle that is less than 5mm for diameter.
6. charcoal base plant cultivation media and preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described organic fertilizer is Chicken dung or organic commercial fertilizer, pulverizes the particle that is less than 5mm for diameter.
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