CN106116910A - A kind of method that fermentation residue biomass carbon prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix - Google Patents
A kind of method that fermentation residue biomass carbon prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
A kind of method that fermentation residue biomass carbon prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps: the first step successively, prepare fermentation residue biomass carbon；Second step, prepares selenium nutrient solution；3rd step, prepares Se-enriched bio charcoal: (1) prepares state Se-enriched bio charcoal of heating；(2) normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal is prepared；(3) state of heating Se-enriched bio charcoal and normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal are mixed and made into Se-enriched bio charcoal；4th step, prepares Modified-Starch Binder；5th step, prepares selenium charcoal granule；6th step, takes Se-enriched bio charcoal and selenium charcoal granule, the two mixing is sent in granulator granulation；7th step, stirs the granule that the 6th step prepares with crop soilless culture substrate inserts, obtains selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix.The selenium-enriching cultivation substrate prepared of method using the present invention can improve the crop sorption enhanced rate to selenium element, and selenium element can in the whole growth cycle of crop slowly, uniformly discharge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to one fermentation residue biomass carbon system
The method of standby selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix.
Background technology
Selenium is a kind of micro elements needed by human, is the active center of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), in right amount
Selenium supplement has enhancing human body immunity power, slow down aging, the effect of cancer-resisting.But, China is the country of a lean selenium, selenium-rich agriculture
Product is human body Selenium Supplement element effective way.Selenium in vegetable is divided into inorganic selenium and the big class of organic selenium two, and the former includes selenic acid
Salt, selenite etc., inorganic selenium assimilation effect for humans and animals is poor, and risk of toxicity is big, and improper use easily causes selenium
Poisoning；The latter mainly includes the forms such as seleno-amino acids, selenoprotein, selenium polysaccharide, good absorbing effect for humans and animals, poison
Property is little, is more suitable for the requirement of selenium supplement.Therefore execute selenium by crop, make inorganic selenium be converted into organic selenium, improve in human or animal's body
The safe and effective selenium supplement approach that Se content is well recognized as, has important practical significance to preventing and treating human body selenium deficiency.At present
Crop executes selenium mainly a following several ways:
One is to plant the crops that accumulation ability is stronger in natural selenium-rich area, and the method is difficult to Se content fixing quantity, and
There is region limitation, be unfavorable for that large-scale standardized production, especially China's overwhelming majority area belong to lean selenium area, without bar
Part is accomplished.
Two is to spray inorganic selenium solution before crop harvesting, makes crops can absorb inorganic selenium rapidly thus reaches rich
Selenium level.Such as Chinese patent CN1594234A, CN101182246A etc..In the method, Selenium-rich nutrient embodiment is the most multiple
Miscellaneous, need to spray 5～6 times, and in final crops, inorganic selenium residual quantity is very big, must elder generation and intestinal before absorbing due to inorganic selenium
In organic ligand combine and just can be absorbed by organisms utilization, and intestinal also exists multiple element and competes limited part with selenium, no
It is beneficial to absorption of human body utilize, and inorganic selenium have obvious toxic action to body.
Three is to impose selenium-enriched fertilizer, such as Chinese patent CN101734971A.The method can ensure that crops reach selenium-rich
Standard, remains without inorganic selenium, improves vegetable organic selenium content.But because applying fertilizer in crops land for growing field crops, selenium fertilizer utilization rate is low, substantial amounts of
Selenium easily drenches in deep soil or river along with irrigation water and rainwater, and the selenium run off easily increases soil and water body environment
The burden of middle selenium, life-time service is easily caused selenium contamination.
According to ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, chemical fertilizer input accounts for peasant and carries out about the 50% of the total input of plant husbandry production, developing country's grain
In food volume increase, 50% comes from the effect of chemical fertilizer.But China's this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is only 20% ~ 35% at present, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer
Being 10% ~ 20%, the utilization rate of potash fertilizer is 30% ~ 60%, utilizes level far below World Developed Countries.Selenium is as a kind of trace unit
Element, the problem that raising Ye Shi China agricultural science and technology worker of its utilization rate urgently needs to solve.
Charcoal is that a class is difficult by the biomass height aromatization that pyrolysis charring is formed under 300 DEG C ~ 700 DEG C cryogenic conditions
Fusibleness solid matter, has higher specific surface area, pore structure, certain mechanical strength and less bulk density, and this makes
Charcoal has higher absorption property.Charcoal has increase carbon base in soil reserves, improves soil, increases soil fertility, and promotees
Enter crop yield and maintain the effect of soil ecosystem balance.Moreover, high stability, economy, carbon fixation and emission reduction and
Obligate absorption to nutrients such as N, P stays characteristic with holding so that it is become a kind of preferably fertilizer adsorbent.On the other hand, China's agriculture
Crop material biomass resource enriches, but mainly uses outdoor simple burning mode to carry out processing disposal, the wasting of resources and environment
Pollute the most serious.If being prepared as being applicable to selenium element through suitably processing by farm crop straw organism raw material cheap and easy to get
Adsorbent, then selenium-containing biological charcoal incorporated base starting material thus prepare the environmentally friendly Vegetable culture medium rich in selenium, no
Only can effectively solve agricultural crop straw disposal difficulties, make crop straw refuse resource efficiently be utilized, and permissible
To promoting that vegetable is to the Efficient Conversion of selenium element and enrichment.
Journal article " selenium is fertile on the absorption of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi selenium element, conversion and yield, the impact of quality " (Yin Jinyan, Geng Zengchao, Lee
Cause grain husk waits 2015,35 (3): 823 829) report a kind of charcoal base selenium fertilizer and using effect thereof, suitably executing selenium amount (0.379
kg/hm2) time potato yield improve 4.87% ~ 5.44%, crude protein content adds 12.18% ~ 20.03%, reducing sugar
Improve 6.45% ~ 12.90%, Vitamin C content improves-0.54% ~ 3.1l%, and organic selenium conversion ratio increases by 13.00% ~
15.10%, content of starch adds-0.73% ~ 1.12%.Charcoal base selenium fertilizer is to be led at laboratory with charcoal by sodium selenate
Crossing adsorption reaction to be prepared from, charcoal is 176:1 with the proportioning of selenium.Wherein, charcoal is by batch (-type) thermal cracking pilot plant
Produce and cross 1mm sieve aperture.Selenium source is analytical pure Na2Se04·10H20.In literary composition, the charcoal base selenium fertilizer of report is inherently seen, is
A kind of fertilizer being applied among soil, need to determine after scientific experimentation and be applied to the amount of application of various vegetable crop and use skill
Postoperative, can use, add and use difficulty.
Chinese patent " one group of chromium-rich microbial-bacterial fertilizer of far infrared function selenium-rich and preparation method thereof " (publication number
104692903A), it is provided that the cultivation matrix (i.e. leftover bits and pieces) of a kind of chromium-rich Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link. of the selenium-rich with artificial culture and biological carbon (bamboo
The charcoal that charcoal, Linesless charcoal and Fructus Citri tangerinae bar the like waste are fired) it is the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of primary raw material compatibility.
Chinese patent CN104177194A discloses the preparation method that a kind of charcoal base selenium is fertile, cultured microorganism is led to
The mode filtered makes microorganism be attached to charcoal surface from culture medium, and the nutritional solution submergence that will be enriched in selenium element afterwards is raw
Thing charcoal, makes crops probiotic bacteria and charcoal can be fully contacted in absorption nutritional solution element needed for selenium element and other crops,
And in-situ reducing selenium element is elemental selenium, final output is fertile rich in the charcoal base selenium of selenium element.
It is fertile that above-mentioned 3 examples all use effective ingredient selenium to prepare a kind of selenium for soil application.But, the greatest problem that selenium is fertile
It is that application technique is difficult to grasp, it usually needs after various crops are carried out dedicated experiments, proposes amount of application, application process etc.,
Recommend user again.Secondly, even if peasant has grasped application technique, owing to applying fertilizer in vegetable land for growing field crops, selenium fertilizer utilization rate is low, in a large number
Selenium easily drench in deep soil or river along with irrigation water and rainwater, and the selenium run off easily increases soil and water body ring
The burden of selenium in border, life-time service is easily caused selenium contamination.Again, owing to the degree of depth of arable layer is different, uses selenium fertilizer and be difficult to
Accurate quantification, easily causes fertilizer waste.
Chinese patent CN104585001A discloses a kind of soilless culture method improving Fructus Solani melongenae organic selenium content, the party
Method operating procedure is first to prepare the soilless culture substrate containing nanometer selenium, then chooses the Fructus Solani melongenae Seedling of stalwartness, carries out Fructus Solani melongenae Seedling
In the customization groove being transplanted in warmhouse booth after root sterilization, insert the soilless culture substrate containing nanometer selenium, the most right
The management such as Fructus Solani melongenae carries out pruning, disease control and flower-promoting and fruit protecting, pluck after fruit maturation, obtain the Fructus Solani melongenae that organic selenium content is high.
Chinese patent CN104591866A discloses a kind of soilless culture substrate containing nanometer selenium and preparation method thereof.Should
Disclosure of the invention content is, a kind of soilless culture substrate containing nanometer selenium includes animals urine, agricultural crop straw, industrial or agricultural by-product
The raw materials such as thing, selenium dioxide and Machine-made Sand, by mixing animals urine, agricultural crop straw, agriculture and industry waste, selenium dioxide
Ferment, obtain the decomposed organic matter containing nanometer selenium, decomposed organic matter and Machine-made Sand are mixed the nothing soil containing nanometer selenium
Cultivation matrix.
The general character of above technology is to use nanometer selenium plant nutrient agent, then coordinates other host materials to be composited, its effect
Fruit is general.
Journal article " substrate executes selenium to Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae selenium-rich effect and the impact of quality " (Shanxi Agricultural science 2013,41 (1):
57 59) a kind of method adding selenium in Vegetable culture medium is reported.It is analytical pure sodium selenite (Na for examination selenium2SeO3)
Reagent.First the proportions of the peat composed of rotten mosses with perlite 2:1 by volume is become mixed-matrix.Set altogether at the sodium selenite of 5 gradients
Reason, substrate execute selenium amount be respectively 0,0.3,0.6,1.2,2.5mg/kg, after sodium selenite is configured to solution, use miniaturised nebuliser
Spray in substrate, and fully mix with substrate.Using substrate prepared by this technology, technique is relatively simple, and substrate is to selenium element
Slow-release capability is limited, and selenium element quickly discharges in being prone to the short time, inharmonious with Crop mechanism, therefore effect is general, and selenium turns
Rate is relatively low.
Farm crop straw organism matter charcoal is used to prepare high-absorbility, high conversion and selenium unit to this end, how to provide a kind of
The method of the rich selenium vegetables cultivation matrix that element slowly discharges in the whole growth cycle of crop becomes the research topic of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method that fermentation residue biomass carbon prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix, its object is to solve
Certainly existing Vegetable culture medium is for the low problem of selenium element absorption conversion ratio.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: one fermentation residue biomass carbon is prepared selenium-rich and made
The method of thing cultivation matrix, described method comprises the following steps: successively
The first step, prepares fermentation residue biomass carbon,
Fermentation residue is added in pyrolysis oven after drying, is passed through argon, to get rid of the oxygen in pyrolysis oven, in-furnace temperature will be pyrolyzed
It was rapidly heated within 5 minutes to 95 DEG C ~ 105 DEG C, is heated to 550 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min the most again,
And keep 25 ~ 35 minutes, after naturally cooling to room temperature, biomass collection, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieve, prepare fermentation residue biomass
Charcoal；
Second step, prepares selenium nutrient solution,
By Na2Se04·10H2O or Na2SeO3Selenium salt solution is made by weight 1:20 ~ 1:40 dissolving with water, more molten to selenium salt
Liquid adds the acid agent pH to 4.5 ~ 5.5 with regulation selenium salt solution, prepares selenium nutrient solution；
3rd step, prepares Se-enriched bio charcoal:
(1) the fermentation residue biomass carbon that a part of described first step prepares is heated to 70 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C, immediately described selenium is sought
Nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on fermentation residue biomass carbon, and selenium nutrient solution is 1:15 ~ 1:30 with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon, and limit is sprayed
Spill limit stirring, prepare state Se-enriched bio charcoal of heating；
(2) take the fermentation residue biomass carbon that the first step described in another part prepares, at 10 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, selenium nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed
Being sprinkled upon on this fermentation residue biomass carbon, selenium nutrient solution is 1:15 ~ 1:30 with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon, and sprinkling limit, limit is stirred
Mix, prepare normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
(3) described state Se-enriched bio charcoal of heating is mixed and made into Se-enriched bio charcoal with described normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal, wherein, adds
Temperature state Se-enriched bio charcoal is 7:3 ~ 6:4 with the volume ratio of normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
4th step, prepares Modified-Starch Binder,
First Semen Maydis or the tapioca of 50 weight portions are dissolved in the water of 90 ~ 100 weight portions, are stirred continuously lower addition 2 ~ 3
The sulphuric acid catalysis of weight portion, is subsequently adding 5 weight portion potassium permanganate solution oxides 1 ~ 1.5 hour and is stirred continuously, adding 4
The sodium hydroxide gelatinizing of weight portion 20 ~ 30 minutes, adds 1 weight portion Borax and cross-links 15 ~ 20 minutes, finally add and fully stir into water
After mixing, cooling obtains the starch adesive that mass concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%；
5th step, prepares selenium charcoal granule,
The Se-enriched bio charcoal described 3rd step prepared has in the blender of shower nozzle above sending into, while stirring material uniformly
Spraying mass concentration is the starch adesive of 0.2 ~ 0.5%, and described Se-enriched bio charcoal is 95 ~ 90 with the volume ratio of starch adesive:
5 ~ 10, prepare selenium charcoal granule；
6th step, takes the selenium charcoal granule that the prepared Se-enriched bio charcoal of described 3rd step prepares with described 5th step, by two
Person's mix homogeneously obtains wet stock, and Se-enriched bio charcoal is 2 ~ 4:8 ~ 6 with the volume ratio of selenium charcoal granule, then by described wet stock
Sending into and have pelletize in the comminutor of hot-air blower, setting speed is 250 ~ 300r/min, and temperature is 70 ~ 120 DEG C, pelletize 30 ~ 40
After minute, cross 30 mesh sieves；
7th step, the granule described 6th step prepared and crop soilless culture substrate inserts are by weight 1:100 ~ 1:200
Stir, i.e. prepare described selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix.
Relevant content in technique scheme is explained as follows:
1, in such scheme, described fermentation residue refers to the fermentation vat bottom garbage in the production of methane-generating pit, ethanol, drinks, such as natural pond
Gas slag, ethanol slag, distiller grains etc.；Before putting into pyrolysis oven, by described fermentation residue dry in the sun to water content less than 40%, then it is crushed to
The average diameter of granule is not more than 10cm.
2, in such scheme, the sour agent added in described second step is acetic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid.
3, in such scheme, " weight portion " in described 4th step refers to that with any weight be 1 part of content list represented
Position.
4, in such scheme, the raw material of described crop soilless culture substrate inserts is the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), sand
The mixture of at least two in stone, Vermiculitum, wood sawdust, slag and corn straw.Choosing of soilless culture substrate inserts
For prior art, buyable or self-control, it is possible to use other garbages to make, and applicable plant growing.Soilless culture substrate is filled out
The formula examples of charge is as follows:
(1) 7 part of peat composed of rotten mosses, 3 parts of perlites；(2) 1 parts of Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), 1 part of sand；(3) 1 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 1 part of Vermiculitum, 1 part of wood sawdust；(4) 1
Part peat composed of rotten mosses, 1 part of wood sawdust；(5) 1 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of sand；(6) 2 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 2 parts of Vermiculitums, 5 parts of slags, 1 part of treasure
Zhu Yan；(7) 1 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 1 part of slag；(8) 1 parts of peats composed of rotten mosses, 1 part of bark；(9) 3 parts of corn stalks, 2 parts of slags；(10) 1 parts of Semen Maydiss
Straw stalk, 1 part of peat composed of rotten mosses, 3 parts of slags.
Design principle of the present invention is: the present invention proposes a kind of crop soilless culture substrate rich in selenium element, is characterized in
Selenium element slow release method is used to make raise crop, in whole growth cycle, selenium element all be had higher absorption rate,
And user is without using selenium fertilizer again, only a great number of elements such as using N P and K or cultivating nutrient solution need to be managed routinely, thus
It is easier to grasp application process, makes again vegetable selenium content control in safety range, produce safety, high-quality, clean green
Rich selenium vegetables, and environment is not resulted in yet pollution.
In the second step of the method for the present invention, the purpose that selenium nutrient solution is adjusted to acidity is, farm crop straw organism
The pH of matter charcoal is about 8 ~ 10, follow-up selenium nutrient solution is sprayed onto on farm crop straw organism charcoal after, be conducive to by crops straw
The pH of stalk charcoal is adjusted to neutral about 7.0 from 8 ~ 10, thus beneficially plant growing.
In described 3rd step, prepare heat state Se-enriched bio charcoal and normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal respectively, it is therefore intended that
Adding the porosity of charcoal under 70 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C heating conditions, selenium element is more retained in the micropore of charcoal,
The release time of the state Se-enriched bio charcoal selenium element in cultivation matrix of heating prepared in a heated condition is than normal-temperature selenium-rich
The selenium Element release time of charcoal is more longlasting, and therefore, state of heating Se-enriched bio charcoal mixes with both normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoals
Close, it is possible to ensure that the selenium Element release phase extends and selenium element uniformly discharges in the different growing stage of crop.
In described 6th step, owing to the Se-enriched bio charcoal of the 3rd step does not bond through starch adesive, and the 5th step
Selenium charcoal granule have passed through the parcel of starch adesive, then the two selenium Element release speed in soilless culture substrate
Degree difference, the selenium charcoal granule selenium Element release speed of the 5th step is slower, and the selenium element of the Se-enriched bio charcoal of the 3rd step is released
Put speed relatively fast, the two mix homogeneously pelletize can effectively be controlled selenium element rate of release in soilless culture substrate,
Ensure that can the most uniformly be freed for Crop in the different growing stage of crop at selenium element utilizes, it is ensured that selenium
The prolongation of Element release phase；
Owing to technique scheme is used, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantages and an effect:
1, the absorption principle of integrated use charcoal of the present invention and the adhesive property of Modified-Starch Binder, improve selenium element
Sticking and slow-release capability, it is possible to ensure the selenium element supply within 3 ~ 7 months longer vegetable growth cycles, thus ensure that selenium
Element high conversion in crop body because biomass carbon have porous, huge specific surface area, surface negative charge and
The characteristics such as charge density can adsorb and hold the nutrient in fertilizer, it is achieved its slow release effect, notable reduction selenium element flow
Vector, increases soil fertility, and promotes crop yield and maintains the effect of soil ecosystem balance.
2, the selenium element effective carrier that the present invention uses is Na2SeO4•10H2O or sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), Na2SeO4•
10H2O or sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) it is that crop is more easy to absorption, more environmentally friendly effective carrier.
3, using substrate prepared by this method, it is the most fixed to accomplish according to different vegetable crop selenium element demand throughout one's life
System, the cultivation matrix that the present invention provides adds selenium element again without artificial, and in can being directly placed into cultivating container, plantation is various
Only need to manage routinely after vegetable, and plantation, use a great number of elements such as N P and K or cultivating nutrient solution, thus be easier to grasp
Application process, makes again the selenium content of vegetable control in safety range, produces safety, high-quality, clean green rich selenium vegetables,
And environment is not resulted in yet pollution.
4, use the arable farming substrate prepared of this method be can direct applied arable farming carrier, and journal article
" selenium is fertile on the absorption of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi selenium element, conversion and yield, the impact of quality " (Yin Jinyan, Geng Zengchao, Li Zhiying etc. 2015,35
(3) a kind of charcoal base selenium: 823 829) reported is fertile, is a kind of trace-element fertilizer, need to determine after carrying out scientific experimentation
After being applied to amount of application and the application technique of various vegetable crop, can use, add and use difficulty.
5, the selenium element in selenium-rich substrate of the present invention not easily runs off, and utilization rate significantly improves, and is more suitable for facility cultivation.
6, after application the method for the invention, when in cultivation matrix, Se content is 2～10mg/kg, organic in results Fructus Lycopersici esculenti
Se content is 5～200 μ g/kg, and organic selenium accounts for total selenium ratio >=85%.
In a word, the selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix using the method for the present invention to prepare can improve the crop suction to selenium element
Receiving the selenium element in conversion ratio, and selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix can in the whole growth cycle of vegetable crop slowly, all
Even release so that vegetable crop can effectively absorb selenium element in each growth period, thus, the vegetable crop cultivated
In organic selenium content higher, substantially increase the added value of commodity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the Technology Roadmap of the inventive method；
Accompanying drawing 2 is that the selenium-enriched cucumber cultivation matrix of embodiment one dynamically changes with selenium element leaching rate in common soilless culture substrate
Figure；
Accompanying drawing 3 is that selenium-enriched cucumber cultivation matrix and the common soilless culture substrate of embodiment one are organic in Fructus Cucumidis sativi after results Fructus Cucumidis sativi
Se content comparison diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment one: a kind of method that fermentation residue biomass carbon prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix
Described method comprises the following steps: successively
The first step, prepares fermentation residue biomass carbon,
Fermentation residue is added in pyrolysis oven after drying, is passed through argon, to get rid of the oxygen in pyrolysis oven, in-furnace temperature will be pyrolyzed
It was rapidly heated within 5 minutes to 100 DEG C, is heated to 550 DEG C DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min the most again, and keep 30 points
Clock, after naturally cooling to room temperature, biomass collection, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieve, prepare fermentation residue biomass carbon；Described fermentation residue
Refer to the fermentation vat bottom garbage in the production of methane-generating pit, ethanol, drinks, such as methane slag, ethanol slag, distiller grains etc.；Put into heat
Before solving stove, by described fermentation residue dry in the sun to water content less than 40%, then the average diameter being crushed to granule is not more than 10cm；
Second step, prepares selenium nutrient solution,
By Na2Se04·10H2O or Na2SeO3Make selenium salt solution with water by weight 1:20 dissolving, then add to selenium salt solution
Acetic acid, to regulate the pH to 4.5 ~ 5.5 of selenium salt solution, prepares selenium nutrient solution；
3rd step, prepares Se-enriched bio charcoal:
(1) the fermentation residue biomass carbon that a part of described first step prepares is heated to 70 DEG C, immediately by equal for described selenium nutrient solution
Even being sprayed on fermentation residue biomass carbon, selenium nutrient solution is 1:20 with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon, and sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, system
State of must heating Se-enriched bio charcoal；
(2) take the fermentation residue biomass carbon that the first step described in another part prepares, room temperature (namely under room temperature, about 10 DEG C ~ 40
DEG C) under selenium nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on this fermentation residue biomass carbon, selenium nutrient solution with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon is
1:20, sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, and prepares normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
(3) described state Se-enriched bio charcoal of heating is mixed and made into Se-enriched bio charcoal with described normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal, wherein, adds
Temperature state Se-enriched bio charcoal is 7:3 with the volume ratio of normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
4th step, prepares Modified-Starch Binder,
First Semen Maydis or the tapioca of 50 weight portions are dissolved in the water of 100 weight portions, are stirred continuously lower addition 2 weight portion
Sulphuric acid catalysis, be subsequently adding 5 weight portion potassium permanganate solution oxides 1 hour and be stirred continuously, adding the hydrogen of 4 weight portions
Sodium oxide gelatinizing 20 minutes, adds 1 weight portion Borax and cross-links 15 minutes, finally adds cooling after water is sufficiently stirred for and obtains quality
Concentration is the starch adesive of 0.3%；
5th step, prepares selenium charcoal granule
The Se-enriched bio charcoal described 3rd step prepared has in the blender of shower nozzle above sending into, while stirring material uniformly
Spraying mass concentration is the starch adesive of 0.3%, and described Se-enriched bio charcoal is 90:10 with the volume ratio of starch adesive, prepares
Selenium charcoal granule；
6th step, takes the selenium charcoal granule that the prepared Se-enriched bio charcoal of described 3rd step prepares with described 5th step, by two
Person's mix homogeneously obtains wet stock, and Se-enriched bio charcoal is 3:7 with the volume ratio of selenium charcoal granule, then is sent into by described wet stock
Having in the roller pelletizer of hot-air blower, setting speed is 300r/min, and temperature is 70 DEG C, after pelletize 30 ~ 40 minutes, crosses 30 mesh
Sieve；
7th step, the granule described 6th step prepared is with vegetable soilless culture substrate inserts by weight 1:100 stirring all
Even, wherein, soilless culture substrate inserts is uniformly mixed to prepare with perlite 3:1 by volume by the peat composed of rotten mosses, finally, prepares
Described rich selenium vegetables cultivation matrix.
8th step, loads rich selenium vegetables cultivation matrix in the cultivating bag of 8L, is separately located at common soilless culture substrate (grass
Charcoal and perlite 3:1 by volume are uniform) in apply equal amount Na2Se04·10H2The substrate of O is as comparison, in two kinds of substrate
Selenium constituent content is identical, and Se content is 5.2mg/kg.Every bag of plantation one strain Fructus Cucumidis sativi, the conventional n p k nutrition liquid of periodically pouring
(Huo Gelan nutritional solution) and water.Measure after period of maturation results Fructus Cucumidis sativi and show, see shown in accompanying drawing 2 and 3, at charcoal selenium-rich substrate
The organic selenium content of reason is 5.1 μ g/kg, and organic selenium accounts for the 86.2% of total selenium amount, and sodium selenate (Na2Se04·10H2O) directly add
Entering commodity substrate (comparison) content is 3.7 μ g/kg, and organic selenium accounts for the 65.6% of total selenium amount.Illustrate that the selenium of charcoal selenium-rich substrate delays
Release effect more apparent, and obtained crop fully absorb utilization.
Embodiment two: a kind of method that fermentation residue biomass carbon prepares cultivating selenium rich strawberry substrate
Described method comprises the following steps: successively
The first step, prepares fermentation residue biomass carbon,
Fermentation residue is added in pyrolysis oven after drying, is passed through argon, to get rid of the oxygen in pyrolysis oven, in-furnace temperature will be pyrolyzed
It was rapidly heated within 5 minutes to 105 DEG C, is heated to 600 DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min the most again, and keeps 25 points
Clock, after naturally cooling to room temperature, biomass collection, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieve, prepare fermentation residue biomass carbon；
Second step, prepares selenium nutrient solution,
By analytical pure Na2SeO3Dissolve by weight 1:30 with water and make selenium salt solution, then to selenium salt solution add dilute hydrochloric acid with
The pH to 4.5 ~ 5.5 of regulation selenium salt solution, prepares selenium nutrient solution；
3rd step, prepares Se-enriched bio charcoal:
(1) the fermentation residue biomass carbon that a part of described first step prepares is heated to 100 DEG C, immediately by equal for described selenium nutrient solution
Even being sprayed on fermentation residue biomass carbon, selenium nutrient solution is 1:30 with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon, and sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, system
State of must heating Se-enriched bio charcoal；
(2) the fermentation residue biomass carbon that the first step described in another part prepares is taken, by selemium nutrition under room temperature (about 10 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C)
Liquid is uniformly sprayed on this fermentation residue biomass carbon, and selenium nutrient solution is 1:20 with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon, sprinkling limit, limit
Stirring, prepares normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
(3) described state Se-enriched bio charcoal of heating is mixed and made into Se-enriched bio charcoal with described normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal, wherein, adds
Temperature state Se-enriched bio charcoal is 6:4 with the volume ratio of normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
4th step, prepares Modified-Starch Binder,
First Semen Maydis or the tapioca of 50 weight portions are dissolved in the water of 100 weight portions, are stirred continuously lower addition 3 weight portion
Sulphuric acid catalysis, be subsequently adding 5 weight portion potassium permanganate solution oxides 1.5 hours and be stirred continuously, adding 4 weight portions
Sodium hydroxide gelatinizing 20 minutes, adds 1 weight portion Borax and cross-links 15 minutes, finally adds cooling after water is sufficiently stirred for and obtains matter
Amount concentration is the starch adesive of 0.2%；
5th step, prepares selenium charcoal granule
The Se-enriched bio charcoal described 3rd step prepared has in the blender of shower nozzle above sending into, while stirring material uniformly
Spraying mass concentration is the starch adesive of 0.2%, and described Se-enriched bio charcoal is 95:5 with the volume ratio of starch adesive, prepares
Selenium charcoal granule；
6th step, takes the selenium charcoal granule that the prepared Se-enriched bio charcoal of described 3rd step prepares with described 5th step, by two
Person's mix homogeneously obtains wet stock, and Se-enriched bio charcoal is 2:8 with the volume ratio of selenium charcoal granule, then is sent into by described wet stock
Having in the roller pelletizer of hot-air blower, setting speed is 250r/min, and temperature is 70 DEG C, after pelletize 40 minutes, crosses 30 mesh sieves；
7th step, the granule described 6th step prepared is with vegetable soilless culture substrate inserts by weight 1:150 stirring all
Even, i.e. prepare described rich selenium vegetables cultivation matrix.
Wherein, the preparation of soilless culture substrate inserts:
(1) use feed grinder or straw rubber that paddy stalk is ground into 5 ~ 10cm length；
(2) the discarded culture matrix after edible fungi residue is Edible Fungi, such as Coprinus comatus, Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing slag, is crushed to 2 ~ 5mm；
(3) fermentation wastes after manioc waste is Alcohol Plant's alcoholic, diameter 1 ~ 3mm；
By above-mentioned paddy stalk, edible fungi residue, manioc waste 4:1:5 mix homogeneously by volume, obtain mixture；
Said mixture is piled bar buttress shape and carries out aerobic heap corruption fermentation, bar buttress heap height 1～3 meters, wide 2～8 meters, length 30
～100 meters；Heap body water content scope control 50%～65%, ventilation oxygen supply during composting；Control heap temperature at 65 DEG C～45 DEG C
Scope, turns heap body during beyond this temperature range in time, the heap corruption fermentation when the temperature of mixture is equal to ambient temperature
Complete (general about 30 days), obtained thing dry in the sun of becoming thoroughly decomposed is described substrate inserts to moisture content 30-40%.
8th step, loads selenium-enriching cultivation substrate in the cultivating bag of 8L, separately sets in common soilless culture substrate inserts and execute
Enter equal amount sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) substrate as comparison, in two kinds of substrate, selenium constituent content is identical, and Se content is
6.1mg/kg.Every bag of plantation one strain Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, the conventional n p k nutrition liquid (Huo Gelan nutritional solution) of periodically pouring and water, period of maturation receipts
Measuring after obtaining Fructus Fragariae Ananssae and show, the organic selenium content of charcoal selenium-rich matrix treatments is 4.0 μ g/kg, and organic selenium accounts for total selenium amount
67.1%, and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) to be directly added into the content that substrate inserts (comparison) processes be 1.7 μ g/kg, organic selenium accounts for
The 45.6% of total selenium amount.Illustrate that the selenium slow release effect of charcoal selenium-rich substrate is more apparent, and obtained crop fully absorb profit
With.
Above-described embodiment, only for technology design and the feature of the explanation present invention, its object is to allow person skilled in the art
Scholar will appreciate that present disclosure and implements according to this, can not limit the scope of the invention with this, uses the present invention's
The selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix that method is prepared may be used for planting various crops, including vegetable and fruit, such as Plantula Brassicae chinensis, eggplant
Son, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, Rhizoma amorphophalli, Chinese cabbage, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Germinatus Phragmitis, Caulis et Folium Lactucae sativae, Radix Raphani, Herba Spinaciae, Capsicum annuum L. etc..All real according to spirit of the present invention
The equivalence that matter is made changes or modifies, and all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the method preparing selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix with fermentation residue biomass carbon, it is characterised in that: described method is successively
Comprise the following steps:
The first step, prepares fermentation residue biomass carbon,
Fermentation residue is added in pyrolysis oven after drying, is passed through argon, to get rid of the oxygen in pyrolysis oven, in-furnace temperature will be pyrolyzed
It was rapidly heated within 5 minutes to 95 DEG C ~ 105 DEG C, is heated to 550 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min the most again,
And keep 25 ~ 35 minutes, after naturally cooling to room temperature, biomass collection, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieve, prepare fermentation residue biomass
Charcoal；
Second step, prepares selenium nutrient solution,
By Na2Se04·10H2O or Na2SeO3Selenium salt solution is made by weight 1:20 ~ 1:40 dissolving with water, then to selenium salt solution
Add the acid agent pH to 4.5 ~ 5.5 with regulation selenium salt solution, prepare selenium nutrient solution；
3rd step, prepares Se-enriched bio charcoal:
(1) the fermentation residue biomass carbon that a part of described first step prepares is heated to 70 DEG C ~ 100 DEG C, immediately described selenium is sought
Nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on fermentation residue biomass carbon, and selenium nutrient solution is 1:15 ~ 1:30 with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon, and limit is sprayed
Spill limit stirring, prepare state Se-enriched bio charcoal of heating；
(2) take the fermentation residue biomass carbon that the first step described in another part prepares, at 10 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, selenium nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed
Being sprinkled upon on this fermentation residue biomass carbon, selenium nutrient solution is 1:15 ~ 1:30 with the volume of fermentation residue biomass carbon, and sprinkling limit, limit is stirred
Mix, prepare normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
(3) described state Se-enriched bio charcoal of heating is mixed and made into Se-enriched bio charcoal with described normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal, wherein, adds
Temperature state Se-enriched bio charcoal is 7:3 ~ 6:4 with the volume ratio of normal-temperature Se-enriched bio charcoal；
4th step, prepares Modified-Starch Binder,
First Semen Maydis or the tapioca of 50 weight portions are dissolved in the water of 90 ~ 100 weight portions, are stirred continuously lower addition 2 ~ 3
The sulphuric acid catalysis of weight portion, is subsequently adding 5 weight portion potassium permanganate solution oxides 1 ~ 1.5 hour and is stirred continuously, adding 4
The sodium hydroxide gelatinizing of weight portion 20 ~ 30 minutes, adds 1 weight portion Borax and cross-links 15 ~ 20 minutes, finally add and fully stir into water
After mixing, cooling obtains the starch adesive that mass concentration is 0.2 ~ 0.5%；
5th step, prepares selenium charcoal granule,
The Se-enriched bio charcoal described 3rd step prepared has in the blender of shower nozzle above sending into, while stirring material uniformly
Spraying mass concentration is the starch adesive of 0.2 ~ 0.5%, and described Se-enriched bio charcoal is 95 ~ 90 with the volume ratio of starch adesive:
5 ~ 10, prepare selenium charcoal granule；
6th step, takes the selenium charcoal granule that the prepared Se-enriched bio charcoal of described 3rd step prepares with described 5th step, by two
Person's mix homogeneously obtains wet stock, and Se-enriched bio charcoal is 2 ~ 4:8 ~ 6 with the volume ratio of selenium charcoal granule, then by described wet stock
Sending into and have pelletize in the comminutor of hot-air blower, setting speed is 250 ~ 300r/min, and temperature is 70 ~ 120 DEG C, pelletize 30 ~ 40
After minute, cross 30 mesh sieves；
7th step, the granule described 6th step prepared and crop soilless culture substrate inserts are by weight 1:100 ~ 1:200
Stir, i.e. prepare described selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix.
The method that a kind of fermentation residue biomass carbon the most according to claim 1 prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix, it is special
Levy and be: described fermentation residue refers to the fermentation vat bottom garbage in the production of methane-generating pit, ethanol, drinks；Put into pyrolysis oven it
Before, by described fermentation residue dry in the sun to water content less than 40%, then the average diameter being crushed to granule is not more than 10cm.
The method that a kind of fermentation residue biomass carbon the most according to claim 1 prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix, it is special
Levy and be: the sour agent added in described second step is acetic acid or dilute hydrochloric acid.
The method that a kind of fermentation residue biomass carbon the most according to claim 1 prepares selenium-rich crops cultivation matrix, it is special
Levy and be: the raw material of described crop soilless culture substrate inserts be the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L), sandstone, Vermiculitum, wood sawdust,
The mixture of at least two in slag and corn straw.
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