CN115349406A - Temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 Discharge method - Google Patents
Temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 Discharge method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115349406A CN115349406A CN202210982993.1A CN202210982993A CN115349406A CN 115349406 A CN115349406 A CN 115349406A CN 202210982993 A CN202210982993 A CN 202210982993A CN 115349406 A CN115349406 A CN 115349406A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling CO by cooling and humidifying fruits and vegetables in a high-temperature season sunlight greenhouse 2 A method of venting, comprising: the method comprises the steps of planting crops in a greenhouse, before planting, spreading biochar on the ground of the greenhouse at an application amount of 1-2 tons/hectare, after planting, ridging on two sides of crop rows, and planting chrysanthemum seeds between the rows and on the ridges at a seeding amount of 1.5-2.5 jin/mu. The invention can reduce the ground temperature, increase the soil humidity, fix the carbon source in the soil and reduce CO 2 And (4) discharging to achieve carbon sequestration and emission reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to greenhouse planting. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for controlling CO by cooling and humidifying fruits and vegetables in a high-temperature season sunlight greenhouse 2 And (4) a discharge method.
Background
The sunlight greenhouse is a special agricultural facility and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, low operating cost, good heat preservation and high benefit. In summer high-temperature seasons, the indoor temperature and humidity are mainly influenced by outdoor illumination intensity, outdoor temperature and indoor planted crops, the temperature in the greenhouse cannot be reduced, the humidity in the greenhouse is increased and the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced by relying on natural ventilation and the transpiration of the crops alone, cooling facilities such as a sunshade net and a fan can be increased generally, but in summer high-temperature seasons, soil microorganisms are high in activity and strong in respiration, the crop yield is influenced by the temperature and humidity and the high emission of carbon dioxide, and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction pressure is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for controlling CO by cooling and humidifying fruits and vegetables in a high-temperature season sunlight greenhouse 2 An emission method capable of reducing ground temperature, increasing soil humidity, fixing carbon source in soil, and reducing CO 2 And (4) discharging to achieve carbon sequestration and emission reduction.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a CO control method for cooling and humidifying fruits and vegetables in a high-temperature season solar greenhouse 2 A method of venting, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of planting crops in a greenhouse, before planting, spreading biochar on the ground of the greenhouse at an application amount of 1-2 tons/hectare, after planting, ridging on two sides of crop rows, and planting chrysanthemum seeds between the rows and on the ridges at a seeding amount of 1.5-2.5 jin/mu.
Preferably, the ridge is 30-40cm high and 80-100cm wide, the ridge is covered with ground cloth, and a round notch with the diameter of 10cm is cut at the position where the chrysanthemum seeds are sowed.
Preferably, the chrysanthemum seeds are subjected to seed soaking pretreatment, the seed soaking liquid comprises 50 mu g/mL of sodium humate and 100 mu g/mL of sorbitol, the seed soaking temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the seed soaking time is 12 hours.
Preferably, the plant spacing and the row spacing are kept between 300 cm and 400cm, and biochar is spread between plants and between rows 3 to 5 days before planting and ploughed for 2 to 3 times.
Preferably, the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: cleaning and cutting plant rhizome, carbonizing at 300-350 deg.C for 2-3 hr, cooling to room temperature, and pulverizing.
Preferably, 0.01 times of coconut husk is added into the biochar, and the biochar and the coconut husk are mixed, crushed, screened by a 5mm sieve, sterilized and dried for use.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the covering crops are planted among the rows and on the ridges of the field planting crops, so that the ground temperature can be reduced, the soil humidity can be increased, the effects of reducing the temperature and humidifying can be achieved, meanwhile, the covering crops can also be used as soil organic matter sources, inert carbon sources are utilized to fix the carbon sources in the soil, and CO is reduced 2 Discharging to achieve carbon sequestration and emission reduction;
secondly, the growth and development of the tomatoes can be promoted by reasonably processing the soil, the physicochemical properties of the soil can be improved to different degrees by sowing the chrysanthemum seeds and sowing the biochar, and the yield and the quality of the tomatoes are improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The test is located in a gardening industrial park (38 '18' N and 106 '15' E) in Ningxia Helland county, the park belongs to a national-level agricultural demonstration park, the annual rainfall in the park is 180-200mm, 80% of the rainfall in the park is concentrated in 6-8 months, the annual average temperature is 9.7 ℃, the frost-free period is 160-170d, and the park belongs to a moderate-temperature drought climate zone and has typical continental climate characteristics. The greenhouse is a Ningxia sunlight greenhouse, the length of the greenhouse is 80m, the span of the greenhouse is 8m, the ridge height of the greenhouse is 4.4m, the rear wall height of the greenhouse is 4.7m, and the greenhouse is provided with automatic irrigation equipment indoors, so that the irrigation requirement of water and fertilizer integration is met.
The tomato variety to be tested is 'Pinyan No. 1', the test is carried out in 16 cells, 3 ridges are planted in each cell, 3 repeats are carried out, the cells are separated, 1 row is fixedly planted in each ridge, and 2 cells are treated in each group of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3.
The tested tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is anti-TY virus No. 1 Pinyan, is subjected to plug seedling, and is planted when the seedling age is 45d (5-6 leaves of tomato seedlings). The double-row cultivation is that 2 rows are fixedly planted in each ridge, the ridge width is 0.8m, the ridge spacing is 0.6m, the ridge height is 0.3m, the row spacing of the tomatoes is 0.3m, and the plant spacing is 0.4m. The mulching film is a white polyethylene film with the thickness of 0.008mm and the width of 1.2m. The top dressing is carried out according to different fertilizer requirements of tomatoes at different periods by adopting a 1/2 garden formula, the top dressing is carried out for 6 times in total during the whole growth period, the top dressing is carried out once after blooming, and N155.7 kg-ha is continuously applied to the first cluster walnut for 5 times -2 ，P 2 O 5 61.35kg·ha -2 ，K 2 O 319.05kg·ha -2 . And determining the irrigation quantity according to the soil texture and the actual weather condition.
< example 1>
Temperature reduction and humidification control of CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 A method of venting, comprising:
greenhouse field planting crops, 5 days before field planting, spreading biochar between plants and between rows, ploughing for 3 times, spreading biochar on the ground of a greenhouse with the application amount of 1.5 tons/hectare, after field planting, ridging on two sides of crop rows, covering ground cloth on the ridges, sowing chrysanthemum seeds with the sowing amount of 2 jin/mu between rows and on the ridges, sowing chrysanthemum seeds, and cutting a circular notch with the diameter of 10cm at the position of the sowing chrysanthemum seeds.
< example 2>
Temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 Method of discharging, as same asExample 1, except that the chrysanthemum seeds are pretreated by seed soaking, the seed soaking liquid comprises 50 mu g/mL sodium humate and 100 mu g/mL sorbitol, the seed soaking temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the seed soaking time is 12h.
< example 3>
Temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 Discharge method, as in example 1, except that the biochar was prepared by: cleaning and cutting plant rhizome, charring at 300-350 deg.C for 2.5 hr, taking out, cooling to normal temperature, and pulverizing.
< example 4>
Temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 The discharging method is the same as example 3, except that 0.01 times of coconut chaff is added into the biochar, and the biochar and the coconut chaff are mixed, crushed, sieved by a 5mm sieve, sterilized and dried for use.
< example 5>
Temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 A method of venting, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) broadcasting biochar between plants and between rows 5 days before field planting in a greenhouse, ploughing for 3 times, broadcasting the biochar on the ground of the greenhouse at an application amount of 1.5 tons/hectare, adding 0.01 times of coconut coir into the biochar, mixing the biochar and the biochar, crushing the biochar, sieving the biochar by a 5mm sieve, sterilizing and drying the biochar, and using the biochar after being mixed, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: cleaning and cutting plant roots, putting the plant roots in a vacuum environment at 300-350 ℃ for carbonization for 2.5 hours, taking out the plant roots, cooling to normal temperature, crushing, planting, ridging on two sides of crop rows, covering ground on the ridges, sowing chrysanthemum seeds in the row spaces and on the ridges in a sowing amount of 2 jin/mu, cutting a circular notch with the diameter of 10cm at the position of the chrysanthemum seeds, performing seed soaking pretreatment on the chrysanthemum seeds, wherein the seed soaking liquid comprises 50 mu g/mL sodium humate and 100 mu g/mL sorbitol, the seed soaking temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the seed soaking time is 12 hours.
< comparative example 1>
In the same manner as in example 1, except that the biochar was not applied and the chrysanthemum seeds were sown.
< comparative example 2>
Unlike example 1, no biochar was applied.
< comparative example 3>
In the same manner as in example 1, except that the treatment for sowing the chrysanthemum seeds was not carried out.
Plant and fruit quality samples are collected from full bearing periods of two crops for rotation, 6 plants are randomly selected from each cell during sampling, and the attached soil is gently shaken off and washed clean by water after root systems are completely dug out. The overground part of the plant was separated from the root system with a clean knife, and the yield of tomatoes was counted during the harvest time, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Yield (kg/mu) | |
| Example 1 | 3206 |
| Example 2 | 3287 |
| Example 3 | 3461 |
| Example 4 | 3602 |
| Example 5 | 3762 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2797 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2869 |
| Comparative example 3 | 3123 |
It can be known from table 1 that under different soil treatments, the yield difference is obvious, the yield of tomatoes is improved to different degrees by sowing the chrysanthemum seeds and broadcasting the biochar, the biochar optimizes the form of the root system of the tomatoes, especially, the self-made biochar changes the pore distribution of the soil, the micropore porosity of the soil can be further increased after the biochar is compounded with coconut coir, the growth of the root system is promoted, the yield of the tomatoes is obviously improved, the chrysanthemum seeds after being sowed and the compound of the self-made biochar and the coconut coir are sowed, the fruit treatment yield is the highest and is 3762 kg/mu.
Taking 0-20cm of soil by a five-point sampling method in different treatments in the seedling pulling period of the tomatoes, and screening the soil by a 1mm sieve after air drying for measuring the physical and chemical indexes of the soil. Using soil-water volume ratio v (soil): v (water) = 1; measuring the volume weight of the soil by a cutting ring method; measuring the total nitrogen content by a Kjeldahl method; determining the total phosphorus content by a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method; measuring the total potassium content by an alkali fusion-flame photometer method or an atomic absorption spectrophotometer method; the organic matter content of the soil was measured by the potassium dichromate-oil bath heating method, and the results are shown in table 2.
The water content is measured by a drying method, also called a gravimetric method: taking 0-20cm of soil by a five-point sampling method in different treatments in the seedling pulling period of the tomatoes, and then putting the soil into a drying oven at 105 ℃ for drying. The drying standard is that the two times of weighing are constant. The water lost after drying is the water content of the soil. The calculation formula is that the soil water content = W/M × 100%, M is the soil weight before drying, and W is the soil water weight, i.e. the difference between M and the soil weight M' after drying.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, under different soil treatments, the soil volume weight has no significant difference, the soil water content can be obviously improved by sowing chrysanthemum seeds, a better soil environment is provided for the growth of tomatoes, the water permeability of the soil can be further improved by seed soaking, the total nitrogen content of the soil can be improved by broadcasting biochar, the fixation of nitrogen microorganisms can be promoted by self-made biochar, and the NH in the soil can be further adsorbed by the compound of the biochar and coconut coir 4+ And NO 3- The content of all phosphorus and all potassium of the chrysanthemum seeds is highest, and the organic matter of the soil can be obviously improved by sowing the soaked chrysanthemum seeds and broadcasting the self-made biochar and coconut husk compound.
Measurement of CO in a greenhouse Using NAP-21A carbon dioxide sensor 2 And (4) content. NAP-21A (CO in greenhouse mainly suitable for use in constant temperature environment) 2 Concentration measurement) is a thermal conductivity type sensor that shows an output change when the thermal conductivity in the use environment gas is different from that in the air, and outputs the change in the "+" direction when the actual ambient gas has a molecular weight larger than that in the air and outputs the change in the "-" direction when the actual ambient gas has a molecular weight smaller than that in the air. The output signal of the sensor shows outstanding linearity for concentration, and gas with 100% concentration can be detected. However, this sensor has dependency on temperature and humidity (humidity is water vapor, and a signal is output in the "-" direction), and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| 1 to 1.5 hours after sunrise | Before 9 hours | At 10 to 11 times | |
| Example 1 | 564 | 495 | 396 |
| Example 2 | 559 | 487 | 391 |
| Example 3 | 539 | 486 | 388 |
| Example 4 | 516 | 448 | 360 |
| Example 5 | 484 | 412 | 307 |
| Comparative example 1 | 572 | 507 | 424 |
| Comparative example 2 | 580 | 504 | 398 |
| Comparative example 3 | 562 | 506 | 403 |
As shown in Table 3, the CO of example 5 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 was used for different soil treatments, 1 to 1.5 hours, 9 hours, and 10 to 11 hours after sunrise 2 The content difference is obvious, and the biological carbon can fix partial CO when being sown 2 The self-made biochar can promote the fixation of carbon microorganisms, and the compounding of the biochar and the coconut coir can further adsorb CO in the air 2 The self-made biochar and coconut husk compound can obviously control CO after sowing the soaked chrysanthemum seeds and broadcasting 2 And (4) discharging, and providing a better growth environment for the growth of the tomatoes.
The results of measuring soluble sugars by the anthrone method, titratable acids by the NaOH titration method, vitamin C by the 2, 6-dichloroindophenol titration method, and soluble solids by the handheld glucometer are shown in Table 4. The test data chart was plotted using Excel 2010, statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 24.0, and the significance analysis was performed on the significantly different treatments using the Duncan method with the significance level set at α =0.05.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from table 4, the soluble sugars, organic acids, VC contents, and soluble solids of example 5 were significantly different from those of comparative examples 1, 2, and 3. The chrysanthemum seeds after being sowed and the soaked chrysanthemum seeds and the self-made biochar and coconut chaff compound are sowed, so that the soluble sugar, organic acid, VC content and soluble solid content of the tomatoes can be obviously improved, the content is respectively increased by 11.76%, 38.38%, 30.80% and 7.29% compared with the content of biochar for sowing, and the fruit quality is improved to a certain extent.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the examples shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. Temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in solar greenhouse in high-temperature season 2 A method of discharging, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of planting crops in a greenhouse, before planting, spreading biochar on the ground of the greenhouse at an application amount of 1-2 tons/hectare, after planting, ridging on two sides of crop rows, and planting chrysanthemum seeds between the rows and on the ridges at a seeding amount of 1.5-2.5 jin/mu.
2. The temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in the high-temperature season solar greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 2 The discharge method is characterized in that the ridge is 30-40cm high and 80-100cm wide, the ridge is covered with ground cloth, and a circular notch with the diameter of 10cm is cut at the position where chrysanthemum seeds are sowed.
3. The temperature reduction and humidification control CO of the fruits and vegetables in the high-temperature season solar greenhouse as claimed in claim 2 2 The discharge method is characterized in that chrysanthemum seeds are subjected to seed soaking pretreatment, the seed soaking liquid comprises 50 mu g/mL of sodium humate and 100 mu g/mL of sorbitol, the seed soaking temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the seed soaking time is 12 hours.
4. The temperature reduction and humidification control CO for fruits and vegetables in the high-temperature season solar greenhouse as claimed in claim 1 2 The discharge method is characterized in that the plant spacing and the row spacing are kept between 300 and 400cm, biochar is spread between plants and rows 3 to 5 days before field planting, and plowing is carried out for 2 to 3 times.
5. High-temperature season solar greenhouse fruit and vegetable as claimed in claim 4CO control by cooling and humidifying 2 The discharge method is characterized in that the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps: cleaning and cutting plant rhizome, carbonizing at 300-350 deg.C for 2-3 hr, cooling to room temperature, and pulverizing.
6. The temperature reduction and humidification control CO of the fruits and vegetables in the high-temperature season sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 4 2 The discharge method is characterized in that coconut coir in an amount of 0.01 times of the biomass charcoal is added into the biomass charcoal, and the coconut coir and the biomass charcoal are mixed, crushed, sieved by a 5mm sieve, sterilized and dried for use.
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