CN106518529A - Compound biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and application method thereof - Google Patents
Compound biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses compound biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and an application method thereof and mainly relates to the field of biochar-based fertilizer. A preparation method of the compound bio-carbon-based slow-release fertilizer comprises mixing agricultural rice straws and wood shavings, preparing char, adding sodium selenite into the char to obtain biochar, mixing pig manure and chicken manure, carrying out fermentation on the pig manure and chicken manure, carrying out metal passivation treatment to obtain manure-based fertilizer, further fermenting the biochar and the manure-based fertilizer, and adding diatomite into the fermentation product for modification to obtain slow release fertilizer granules. In use, preferably, the slow-release fertilizer granules are applied to the field according to a ratio of 256 kg per mu, and a field moisture capacity measured value is kept in a range of 70% to 80% in the whole growth period. The compound biochar-based slow-release fertilizer can meet the demand of nitrogen and phosphorus in the early stage and the whole period of rice seedling, has sufficient and lasting fertilizer effects, prevents the effects of heavy metals, improves the soil environment, inhibits methylmercury, and can produce high-yield good-quality selenium-rich rice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to charcoal base manure field, specifically a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer and application process.
Background technology
Charcoal typically refers to the biomass such as agriculture and forestry organic waste material, the rich carbon that pyrolysis is formed under the conditions of anoxia and uniform temperature
Product.In environmental area, charcoal is mainly used to crack a straw burning difficult problem, reduces pollution of area source, realizes agriculture " carbon sequestration "；
In agriculture field, it is mainly used to improved soil, culture fertility, repairs farmland, improves crop yield and quality etc..
Instantly, China farmland can't bear the heavy load, plough occupied again and again, and quality drastically declines；Climate change and predation formula
Excessive use, make past good farmland fertile soil serious degradation：The content of organic matter is reduced, and mollic is thinning, acidification phenomenon is serious, ground
Power is decreased obviously, heavy metals exceeding standard.Meanwhile, as China's grain-production is increased income year after year, there is about 700,000,000 tons of straw every year, its
In realize also field only less than 1/3 straw, remaining is burned off substantially or discards.If by agriculture wastes such as these straws
Thing also field, undoubtedly contains soil degradation, improves the effective measures of farmland quality.
In all of straw utilization approach, should be fertilizer also field, direct returning to farmland or carbonization also field first.This is not only and changes
Good soil, the needs for realizing farmland sustainable development, Ensuring Food Safety, and crack a crop straw burning difficult problem, strengthen environment with
The needs of ecological construction.
To increase soil fertility, in recent years, foreign countries to begin one's study and introduce agricultural environment field by charcoal application technology
Probability.But, external charcoal industry is due to a variety of causes, and does not meet the need of China's ecological construction and sustainable development
Will.According to the practical situation of China, charcoal with the general design idea of agricultural research should be：It is with charcoal as carrier, raw
Slow-release fertilizer and soil conditioner are produced, straw charring also field is realized.
Based on above-mentioned mentality of designing, prior art have developed various fertilizer based on charcoal, each have breakthrough.
But, in general, there is certain defect.
First, the selection of biology base manure united with charcoal is still undesirable, most of technology using with the common heap of chicken manure
Macerate, but the nutrition of chicken manure and fertilizer efficiency are the characteristics of have its own, not comprehensively.The most of and united biological organic fertilizer of charcoal
Muck is, chicken manure, pig manure are all larger due to respective yield, conventional selection that is with low cost and becoming muck.But due to each
From the difference of component, thus it is each advantageous in terms of plant growth is promoted, while short slab has also been individually present：On the one hand, the two
Component is different, therefore with different fertilizer efficiency, chicken manure is nutritive value highest in conventional fowl and animal excrement, wherein organic matter station
25%, the content of N P and K is also very high, while rich in aminoacid, copper, zinc, ferrum, manganese, magnesium, selenium and other trace elements and being rich in dimension
Raw element B, it is long that fertilizer efficiency holds the phase；And pig manure oil-containing protein, fats, organic acid, cellulose, hemicellulose and inorganic salt etc. are more
Nutritional labeling is planted, the content of vitamin A is higher, and fertilizer efficiency is rapid.The two component has preferably complementarity, is mutually of different
Fertilizer efficiency advantage.But, as pig manure quality is thinner, poor air permeability, individually fermentation need substantial amounts of straw loose, cause finished product fertilizers
The nutrients ratio of material is relatively low.And chicken manure is different with the fermentation condition of pig manure, therefore prior art is difficult to merge compost.
Secondly, in recent years, the developmental stage of scale, industrialization has been stepped in the development of Animal Husbandry in China, due to cultivation
Pursuit of the change and businessman of pattern to interests, some heavy metal elements such as Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Pb etc. are widely used in raising
Feed additives, are entered in fowl and animal excrement therewith.Therefore, the heavy metal pollution problem of fowl and animal excrement becomes very severe, these
If heavy metal ion is not passivated in compost, reduce its biological effectiveness, then can be to the growth of crop and soil
Environment has undesirable effect.
Further, the soil pollution situation in paddy growth allows of no optimist, it is complete according to the first time that on April 7th, 2014 announces
State's Investigation of Soil Pollution publication, Hg points position exceeding standard rate reach 1.6%.According to Ministry of Agriculture's Second National irrigating region census report,
In about 140 × 10 for counting at that time4km2In irrigating region, the land area for being subjected to heavy metal pollution accounts for the irrigating region gross area
64.8%, wherein hydrargyrum is one of maximum heavy metal of contaminated area, and average content is 0.76mg-1·kg.Soil is in experience flood irrigation
When the moisture condition such as (dirty fill), seasonal water logging, flood or alternation of wetting and drying (paddy environment) changes, can make Mercury in Soil that first occurs
Base, hydrargyrum are converted into methyl mercury under the bacterial actions such as sulfate reducting bacteria, in a large number and are transported in rice grain, strong to human body
Kang Zaocheng great threats.Confirmation is studied, Oryza sativa L. has stronger accumulation ability for methyl mercury, and methyl mercury is easily in rice
Build up in rice.In Southwest China mercury ore area periphery, edible rice is the exposed main path of urban residents' methyl mercury, resident
The 94% of methyl mercury general input is edible from rice.Charcoal base manure has certain absorption solidification ability to mercury ion, but
Have little effect, under the premise of how make use of the fertilizer efficiency of charcoal base manure to act on shortly, moreover it is possible to further improve which to mercury ion
Solidification level, is the difficult point and emphasis of this area research worker.
In the use of fertilizer, Controlled Release Fertilizer is obviously more convenient and practical.And the slow-release capability of charcoal is limited, if covered
The time of infertility of Oryza sativa L., then need further to be optimized its physicochemical property.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer and application process, the slow release obtained by it
Fertile granule has early stage phosphate fertilizer accelerated release in vitro, the excellent characteristic of the effective slow release of time of infertility nitrogenous fertilizer potash fertilizer, and comprehensive nutrition, strength
The methyl mercury in the impact of heavy metals rice field in Eco-fertilizer is inhibited, is had significant improving effect to soil, is promoted rice growth,
And the rice of high yield, high-quality, selenium-rich can be obtained, and this method can maximize the fertilizer efficiency and function for playing this fertilizer, meet rice
Long-term needs in Seedling growth promoter overall process to nitrogenous fertilizer, and its wilderness demand in the early stage to phosphate fertilizer can be met, therefore full fertility
To nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer without being further added by phase, not only fertilizer efficiency is preferable, and saves labour turnover in a large number.
The present invention for achieving the above object, is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer, is obtained by the following method：
Step 1：Rice straw base charcoal prepares：
1.1 by agriculture rice straw and wood flour by weight 1:1 mixing carries out drying, crushes, crosses 10～30 mesh sieves, 50～80
Dry at DEG C 1～2 day, 500～800 DEG C of limit 2～6h of oxygen or Non-oxygen pyrolytic, ground 50～100 mesh sieve obtain charcoal；
1.2 add sodium selenite by with the charcoal weight than 1.9%～2.9%, are aged 2～3 days after mixing；
Step 2：Excrement substrate fertilizer
2.1 by dry pig manure, dried poultrymanure by weight 1:1 mixing, obtains mixing argol；
2.2 in mixing argol by weight add 30%～50% water, 10%～15% Testa oryzae or Testa Tritici, 10%
～15% grass meal or turf, 0.3%～0.5% addition em bacterium solutions, stir, pile high about 1 meter, wide 2 meters of rectangle
Bank, and on heap top, punching is ventilated, 40～50 DEG C of composts 2～3 days；
2.3 add weathered coal humic acid, 2%～8% phosphate fertilizer by total weight of material percentage ratio 10%～20%, mix code thoroughly
Heap, and punching is ventilated on heap top, being warming up to 50～70 DEG C carries out compost 5～10 days, obtains excrement substrate fertilizer；
Step 3：It is composite modified
Rice straw base charcoal and excrement substrate fertilizer are compared 0.6 according to weight by 3.1:1～1:1 is mixed, mix thoroughly yard heap 50～
Compost 3～6 days under the conditions of 70 DEG C；
3.2 are added 10～20% kieselguhr, 3～8% binding agent by total weight of material, are mixed thoroughly, sucking filtration, are dried, old
Change 1～2 day, obtain base manure；
3.3 carry out spray water mist by the 15%～25% of base manure weight, are carried out by raw material of base manure using granulating disc
Pelletize, gets product Controlled Release Fertilizer granule.
Preferably, the preparation method of the weathered coal humic acid is：Weathered coal is removed into impurity removing, is milled and is sieved, by air slaking
10% addition clear water of ature of coal amount, after mixing thoroughly, by volume 1:1 hydrochloric acid solution for adding 0.1mol/L, stirring stand 3 days, mistake
Filter, is rinsed 3～5 times with clear water, is drying to obtain.
Preferably, described adhesive is Oxytarch.
Preferably, in the 2.2 of the step 2, by 1%～3% addition calcium superphosphate of base manure weight.
Preferably, in the 2.2 of the step 2, by 0.5%～1.5% addition carbamide of base manure weight.
Preferably, the manufacture method of above-mentioned slow-release fertilizer can be optimized for：
Step 1：Rice straw base charcoal prepares：
1.1 by agriculture rice straw and wood flour by weight 1:1 mixing carries out drying, crushes, crosses 20 mesh sieves, dries at 60 DEG C
24h, carries out Non-oxygen pyrolytic 4h under 600 DEG C of nitrogen protective conditions, ground 60 mesh sieve obtains charcoal；
1.2 add sodium selenite by with the charcoal weight than 2.5%, are aged 2 days after mixing；
Step 2：Excrement substrate fertilizer
2.1 by dry pig manure, dried poultrymanure by weight 1:1 mixing, obtains mixing argol；
2.2 add 40% water, 12% Testa oryzae or Testa Tritici, 12% grass meal or grass in mixing argol by weight
Charcoal, 0.4% add em bacterium solutions, stir, and pile high about 1 meter, wide 2 meters of rectangle bank, and punching is ventilated on heap top,
45 DEG C of composts 2 days；
2.3 add weathered coal humic acid, 3.5% phosphate fertilizer by total weight of material percentage ratio 15%, mix a yard heap thoroughly, and in heap
Top punching ventilation, being warming up to 65 DEG C carries out compost 6 days, obtains excrement substrate fertilizer；
Step 3：It is composite modified
Rice straw base charcoal and excrement substrate fertilizer are compared 0.8 according to weight by 3.1:1 is mixed, and mixes yard heap thoroughly and under the conditions of 65 DEG C
Compost 4 days,
3.2 are added 15% kieselguhr, 5% binding agent by total weight of material, are mixed thoroughly, sucking filtration, are dried, are aged 1 day, obtain
Base manure；
3.3 carry out spray water mist by the 20% of base manure weight, carry out pelletize using granulating disc by raw material of base manure, i.e.,
Obtain finished product Controlled Release Fertilizer granule.
A kind of application process of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer, comprises the following steps：
Step one：A kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer is carried out base according to 150～350kg/ mus to apply, and in soil
Earth top layer 0～20cm depth is turned over, and the Controlled Release Fertilizer granule is mixed thoroughly with soil；
Step 2：After Rice Cropping, soil moisture standard is kept for 70%～80%, Quan Sheng of field capacity measured value
The phase is educated not in additional nitrogenous fertilizer.
Preferably, the step is a kind of, and the amount of application of Controlled Release Fertilizer granule is 256kg/ mus.
Contrast prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：
In the preparation of charcoal, raw material selects to be rice straw that this is primarily due to, through measuring, with other lifes
Thing charcoal is compared, and to the charcoal of raw material, the absorbability of mercury element in the rice growth period of development is to rice field is significantly stronger than rice to wood flour
Bar charcoal, and the fertilizer efficiency of rice straw charcoal is significantly better than sawdust charcoal, therefore the two combines charcoal processed, can improve for the suction of rice mercury element
Receive, and by subsequently and muck compost combination, do not reduce fertilizer efficiency ability, reach preferable balanced action.The Asia wherein added
Sodium selenate, determines adding proportion by repetition test, and the trophophase for rice seedling provides the selenium-enriched fertilizer environment of lasting abundance, leads to
Cross after facts have proved that this kind of addition is applied to rice field, the Se content of rice can be made to compare common rice and improve 4～7 times, tool
There is higher alimentary health-care function.Additionally, enrichment of the selenium to hydrargyrum in food chain is inhibited.The sodium selenite with life
After the mixing of thing charcoal is fixed, under crosslinked action of the later stage with weathered coal humic acid, abiologic process after applying rice field, can be passed through
The inertia selenium mercury compound HgSe of gluey indissoluble is produced with inorganic states hydrargyrum, settlement action is reached so as to suppress methylating for hydrargyrum, also
Can be by forming (CH3Hg)2Se complex promotes the demethylation to methyl mercury to act on.On the other hand, absorption of the Oryza sativa L. to Se
Higher, then the repulsive interaction for absorbing to methyl mercury is stronger.There is the long-acting for suppressing hydrargyrum to absorb to the Oryza sativa L. in the time of infertility, carry
High food safety.
Muck of the present invention is the mixing argol of pig manure and chicken manure, can be by the nutritional labeling of the two complementary knot
Close, and composting conditionses are explored by repetition test, overcome the different problem of condition needed for the two during mixing compost, pass through
The compost of two benches different temperatures, realizes the fermentation of two kinds of muck.The phosphate fertilizer of addition, not only plays the role of to adjust fertilizer efficiency, and
Have preferable passivation effect to metallic elements such as Zn, the weathered coal humic acid of addition, not only with improved soil, improve fertilizer efficiency,
Stimulate plant growth, it is degeneration-resistant and improve product quality, as various effects such as trace vector, while inorganic states hydrargyrum is had compared with
Strong absorption and ligand complex ability, reduce biological effectiveness of the inorganic mercury to the microorganism that methylates.Can to rice field in have
Machine hydrargyrum is effectively suppressed and is reduced.And can during muck compost active adsorption and heavy metal-passivated.
Composite modified, and the emphasis of the present invention of the step 3.Macerated with ecological dunghill using charcoal, realize improving
Fermentation level, fertilizer efficiency cooperative compensating increase the effect of slow-release capability.First, the mixing pile fermentation of the two has various advantages,
Wherein the pH value of muck is neutrality, and general meta-alkalescences of the PH of charcoal, the fertilizer for adding charcoal have improvement acidified soil
Effect.The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the two is close, is conducive to mixing the realization of compost condition.And the addition of charcoal can reduce compost finished product
Electrical conductivity, and reduce the decomposition of muck Organic substance in composting process, be effectively retained nutrition, improve fertilizer quality.Meanwhile,
During this, by diatomaceous addition, the physical characteristics of fertilizer are effectively improved, and the effective ingredient of fertilizer is not affected.
Meanwhile, the rate of release of Diatomite on Phosphorus fertilizer has certain facilitation, and p fertilizer efficiency can be accelerated to discharge, and is adapted to paddy growth
Feature, the absorption due to Oryza sativa L. in Seedling Stage to phosphorus are most, and to absorb peak before and after 3 weeks after rice transplanting, now phosphorus nutrition is not enough, right
The accumulation of dry has an impact, and the rice seedling phase phosphorus of absorption can be with repeated multiple times from aging organ to new life in growing process
Organ metastasis, during to Oryza glutinosa yellow maturity, more 60%～80% phosphorus element transfer is concentrated in seed, and how residual the phosphorus absorbed after going out fringe is
Stay in root.Therefore the quick release of initial stage phosphate fertilizer is extremely important.Additionally, the kieselguhr has preferable slow release to nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer
Effect, and combine with charcoal, the particularly addition of sawdust charcoal, make the Controlled Release Fertilizer granule of the present invention that there is early stage phosphate fertilizer
Accelerated release in vitro, the excellent characteristic of the effective slow release of time of infertility nitrogenous fertilizer potash fertilizer, and comprehensive nutrition, strongly inhibit the weight in Eco-fertilizer
Metal affects the methyl mercury in rice field, has significant improving effect to soil, promotes rice growth, and can obtain high yield, high-quality,
The rice of selenium-rich.
The application process that the present invention is adopted, is to plant the optimum spraying amount that checking is obtained by computer, disclosure satisfy that rice
Long-term needs in Seedling growth promoter overall process to nitrogenous fertilizer, and its wilderness demand in the early stage to phosphate fertilizer can be met.Therefore full fertility
To nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer without being further added by phase, not only fertilizer efficiency is preferable, and saves labour turnover in a large number.Simultaneously as in soil
Water content is too high, and the biological effectiveness of total mercury and methyl mercury can be obviously improved during more than 80%, particularly, under waterflooding environment,
Sulfate reducting bacteria and iron-reducing bacterium activity strengthen, and are conducive to the formation and transmission of methyl mercury.Therefore in order to coordinate to biological hydrargyrum
Suppress, controlled using 70%～80% soil moisture in rice at whole growth periods, redox of soil electricity can be increased substantially
Position (Eh).During Countermeasures in Soil-rice System can be significantly inhibited, inorganic states hydrargyrum reduces methyl mercury in Oryza sativa L. to the transition process of methyl mercury
Enrichment risk in seed.Using slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, according to the growth characteristics of the characteristic and rice seedling of this fertilizer, according to anti-
Empirical method obtained from multiple plantation test, can maximize the fertilizer efficiency and function for playing this fertilizer, realize fertilizer by this method
Reasonable, the lasting release of effect, improves soil environment, promotes rice growth, and produced quality of rice is good, yield is high and first rich in selenium
Element, with higher economic worth.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limit the scope of the present invention.In addition, it is to be understood that after the content for having read instruction of the present invention, people in the art
Member can be made various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent form of values equally fall within the application appended claims and limited
Scope.
Involved instrument, reagent, material etc. in following embodiments, unless otherwise noted, have in being prior art
Conventional instrument, reagent, material etc., can be obtained by regular commercial sources.Involved experimental technique in following embodiments, inspection
Survey method etc., unless otherwise noted, is existing normal experiment method in prior art, detection method etc..
Embodiment 1：A kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer
It is obtained by the following method：
1. by agriculture rice straw and wood flour by weight 1:1 mixing carries out drying, crushes, crosses 10 mesh sieves, at 65 DEG C dries 2
My god, 700 DEG C of limit oxygen pyrolysis 3h, ground 80 mesh sieve obtain charcoal；Monohydrated selenium dioxide is added than 2.0% by with the charcoal weight
Sodium, is aged 2 days after mixing；
Step 2：Excrement substrate fertilizer
2. by dry pig manure, dried poultrymanure by weight 1:1 mixing, obtains mixing argol；Add in mixing argol by weight
Enter 35% water, 10% Testa Tritici, 10% grass meal, 0.3% add em bacterium solutions, stir, pile it is high about 1 meter, wide 2 meters
Rectangle bank, and on heap top, punching is ventilated, 40 DEG C of composts 3 days；Add weathered coal rotten by total weight of material percentage ratio 18%
Acid, 7% phosphate fertilizer are grown, a yard heap is mixed thoroughly, and punching is ventilated on heap top, being warming up to 70 DEG C carries out compost 8 days, obtains excrement substrate fertilizer；
3. rice straw base charcoal and excrement substrate fertilizer are compared into 1 according to weight:1 is mixed, and mixes yard heap thoroughly and the heap under the conditions of 55 DEG C
Macerate 5 days；
3.2 are added 20% kieselguhr, 3% binding agent by total weight of material, are mixed thoroughly, sucking filtration, are dried, are aged 2 days, obtain
Base manure；
3.3 carry out spray water mist by the 25% of base manure weight, carry out pelletize using granulating disc by raw material of base manure, i.e.,
Obtain finished product Controlled Release Fertilizer granule.
Embodiment 2：A kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer
It is obtained by the following method：
1. by agriculture rice straw and wood flour by weight 1:1 mixing carries out drying, crushes, crosses 20 mesh sieves, dries at 60 DEG C
24h, 600 DEG C of limit oxygen or Non-oxygen pyrolytic 4h, ground 60 mesh sieve, obtain charcoal；By with the charcoal weight than 2.5% add
Sodium selenite, is aged 2 days after mixing；
2. by dry pig manure, dried poultrymanure by weight 1:1 mixing, obtains mixing argol；Add in mixing argol by weight
Enter 40% water, 12% Testa oryzae, 12% turf, 0.4% add em bacterium solutions, stir, pile it is high about 1 meter, wide 2 meters
Rectangle bank, and on heap top, punching is ventilated, 45 DEG C of composts 2 days；Add weathered coal rotten by total weight of material percentage ratio 15%
Acid, 3.5% phosphate fertilizer are grown, a yard heap is mixed thoroughly, and punching is ventilated on heap top, being warming up to 65 DEG C carries out compost 6 days, obtains excrement substrate fertilizer；
3. rice straw base charcoal and excrement substrate fertilizer are compared into 0.8 according to weight:1 is mixed, and mixes yard heap thoroughly and under the conditions of 65 DEG C
Compost 4 days, by the kieselguhr of total weight of material addition 15%, 5% binding agent, mixes thoroughly, sucking filtration, is dried, be aged 1 day, obtain base
Fertilizer；Spray water mist is carried out by the 20% of base manure weight, pelletize is carried out using granulating disc by raw material of base manure, is got product control
Release fertile granule.
Embodiment 3：Apply experiment in the field carried out using a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer as obtained in embodiment 2
Material to be tested：
It is good fortune excellent 325 for trying rice varieties；
It is slow-release fertilizer granule obtained in embodiment 2 for trying fertilizer.
For trying field overview：
Testing site is in peasant household of Wa Zhang villages of Anhui Province Bengbu Yanshan Mountain township rice field.
Experiment packet
Matched group：Cultivated and applied fertilizer using peasant household's former years conventional process.
Experimental group：The slow-release fertilizer granule described in embodiment 2 is carried out base according to 256kg/ mus to apply, and upper soll layer 0～
20cm depth is turned over, and the Controlled Release Fertilizer granule is mixed thoroughly with soil；After Rice Cropping, soil moisture standard is kept to be field
The 70%～80% of water-holding capacity measured value, the time of infertility is not in additional nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
Interpretation of result：
After rice harves, the rice yield of matched group is 669 kgs/acre, and seed methyl mercury content is 20.36 μ g/kg, rice
The total Se contents of Gu are 19.63 μ g/kg, and the rice yield of experimental group is 876 kgs/acre, and seed methyl mercury content is 6.31 μ g/
Kg, the total Se content of Oryza glutinosa are 131.9 μ g/kg, compare matched group indices and are significantly improved.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer, it is characterised in that：It is obtained by the following method：
Step 1：Rice straw base charcoal prepares：
1.1 by agriculture rice straw and wood flour by weight 1:1 mixing carries out drying, crushes, crosses 10～30 mesh sieves, at 50～80 DEG C
Drying 1～2 day, 500～800 DEG C of limit 2～6h of oxygen or Non-oxygen pyrolytic, ground 50～100 mesh sieve obtain charcoal；
1.2 add sodium selenite by with the charcoal weight than 1.9%～2.9%, are aged 2～3 days after mixing；
Step 2：Excrement substrate fertilizer
2.1 by dry pig manure, dried poultrymanure by weight 1:1 mixing, obtains mixing argol；
2.2 in mixing argol by weight add 30%～50% water, 10%～15% Testa oryzae or Testa Tritici, 10%～
15% grass meal or turf, 0.3%～0.5% addition em bacterium solutions, stir, pile high about 1 meter, wide 2 meters of rectangle thing
Stockpile, and on heap top, punching is ventilated, 40～50 DEG C of composts 2～3 days；
2.3 add weathered coal humic acid, 2%～8% phosphate fertilizer by total weight of material percentage ratio 10%～20%, mix a yard heap thoroughly,
And punching is ventilated on heap top, being warming up to 50～70 DEG C carries out compost 5～10 days, obtains excrement substrate fertilizer；
Step 3：It is composite modified
Rice straw base charcoal and excrement substrate fertilizer are compared 0.6 according to weight by 3.1:1～1:1 is mixed, and mixes yard heap thoroughly and at 50～70 DEG C
Under the conditions of compost 3～6 days；
3.2 by total weight of material add 10～20% kieselguhr, 3～8% binding agent, mix thoroughly, sucking filtration, be dried, ageing 1～
2 days, obtain base manure；
3.3 carry out spray water mist by the 15%～25% of base manure weight, carry out pelletize using granulating disc by raw material of base manure,
Get product Controlled Release Fertilizer granule.
2. a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The weathered coal humic acid
Preparation method is：Weathered coal is removed into impurity removing, is milled and is sieved, by 10% addition clear water of weathered coal quality, after mixing thoroughly, by volume
Than 1:1 hydrochloric acid solution for adding 0.1mol/L, stirring stand 3 days, filter, and are rinsed 3～5 times with clear water, are drying to obtain.
3. a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described adhesive is formed sediment for oxidation
Powder.
4. a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The 2.2 of the step 2
In, by 1%～3% addition calcium superphosphate of base manure weight.
5. a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The 2.2 of the step 2
In, by 0.5%～1.5% addition carbamide of base manure weight.
6. a kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is obtained by the following method：
Step 1：Rice straw base charcoal prepares：
1.1 by agriculture rice straw and wood flour by weight 1:1 mixing carries out drying, crushes, crosses 20 mesh sieves, at 60 DEG C dries 24h,
600 DEG C of limit oxygen or Non-oxygen pyrolytic 4h, ground 60 mesh sieve, obtain charcoal；
1.2 add sodium selenite by with the charcoal weight than 2.5%, are aged 2 days after mixing；
Step 2：Excrement substrate fertilizer
2.1 by dry pig manure, dried poultrymanure by weight 1:1 mixing, obtains mixing argol；
2.2 in mixing argol by weight add 40% water, 12% Testa oryzae or Testa Tritici, 12% grass meal or turf,
0.4% adds em bacterium solutions, stirs, and piles high about 1 meter, wide 2 meters of rectangle bank, and punching is ventilated on heap top, and 45
DEG C compost 2 days；
2.3 add weathered coal humic acid, 3.5% phosphate fertilizer by total weight of material percentage ratio 15%, mix a yard heap thoroughly, and beat on heap top
Hole is ventilated, and being warming up to 65 DEG C carries out compost 6 days, obtains excrement substrate fertilizer；
Step 3：It is composite modified
Rice straw base charcoal and excrement substrate fertilizer are compared 0.8 according to weight by 3.1:1 is mixed, and mixes yard heap thoroughly and the compost under the conditions of 65 DEG C
4 days,
3.2 are added 15% kieselguhr, 5% binding agent by total weight of material, are mixed thoroughly, sucking filtration, are dried, are aged 1 day, obtain base
Fertilizer；
3.3 carry out spray water mist by the 20% of base manure weight, carry out pelletize using granulating disc by raw material of base manure, obtain final product into
Product Controlled Release Fertilizer granule.
7. a kind of application process of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step one：A kind of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer is carried out base according to 150～350kg/ mus to apply, and in soil table
Layer 0～20cm depth is turned over, and the Controlled Release Fertilizer granule is mixed thoroughly with soil；
Step 2：After Rice Cropping, holding soil moisture standard for field capacity measured value 70%～80%, the time of infertility
Not in additional nitrogenous fertilizer.
8. a kind of application process of composite biological carbon base slow-release fertilizer according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The step
One kind, the amount of application of Controlled Release Fertilizer granule is 256kg/ mus.
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| US11124461B2 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2021-09-21 | Incitec Pivot Limited | Fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20170322 |