CN103588567A - Leaf vegetable substrate soil for micro agriculture - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to cultivation soil, in particular to leaf vegetable substrate soil for micro agriculture. The leaf vegetable substrate soil is formed by mixing a substrate with rural soil or clay and comprises the following components in weight percent: 25% to 45% of the substrate and 55% to 75% of the rural soil or clay; the substrate comprises 60% to 80% of organic matters in weight percent and includes 1% to 3% of nitrogen, 1.5% to 3.5% phosphorus, 2% to 4% of potassium, and 0.02% to 0.08% of trace elements including magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron; the pH value of the substrate is 6.5 to 6.8, the electric conductivity of the substrate is 1.5 to 3.5S, and the cation exchange capacity of the substrate is larger than or equal to 100; the organic matters comprise 1 to 4 part of bamboo vinegar liquid, 0.5 to 2 parts of crystallization mother liquid containing 15% to 25% of abamectin, 1 to 3 parts of starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer, 15 to 40 parts of a straw decomposition agent, 15 to 40 parts of fermented human and animal excreta, 10 to 18 parts of edible fungus residue, 3 to 6 parts of waste bamboo, 2 to 5 parts of plant-charcoal powder, 5 to 10 parts of silt slag, 4 to 6 parts of bone meal and 4 to 9 parts of soybean meal. According to the invention, specific components and proportion are adopted to prepare the organic matters, and the organic matters are combined with inorganic matters to form the acidulous substrate, so that the leaf vegetable substrate soil is high in nutritional ingredient and appropriate in proportion of trace elements, has an excellent odor removing effect, and is clean and nvironment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compost, relate in particular to a kind of micro-agricultural native by leaf vegetables matrix.
Background technology
Be accompanied by the fast development in city, along with improving constantly of people's living standard, with people for rural area, rural area and green food, do not spray insecticide, do not go up chemical fertilizer, do not use the tight demand of the agricultural-food of hormone, city resident, for the demand of rural area yearning and green food, makes them to micro-agricultural, have very large demand.With respect to rural area, many at urban development modern agriculture restricted condition.So a lot of city residents just on balcony planting vegetable melon and fruit on idle soil in planting vegetable melon and fruit and urban cells, also have on the high building in city, roofs etc. are the place of spaciousness relatively.
CN102219595B (2013-7-31) discloses a kind of composite fertilizer-keeping nutrient soil and method thereof of preparing with Zha He natural pond, natural pond liquid, use, and quality need to improve yet this compost is unsuitable for Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces one band.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of cost is little, the leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural of clean environment firendly.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Leaf vegetables matrix soil for a kind of micro-agricultural, is mixed by matrix and rural area soil or clay, and it is by weight percentage: matrix 25-45%, rural area soil or clay 55-75%;
Described matrix comprises by weight: organic 60-80%, wherein nitrogen: 1-3%, and phosphorus: 1.5-3.5%, potassium: 2-4%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.02-0.08% altogether;
The pH of described matrix is 6.5-6.8, specific conductivity 1.5-3.5S, cation exchange capacity >=100;
Described organic matter comprises human and animal excreta 15-40 part, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, the dregs of beans 4-9 part after crystalline mother solution that bamboo vinegar liquid 1-4 part, 0.5-2 part contains 15-25% Avrmectin, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. adopt special component and ratio to coordinate and make organic matter, and be combined with inanimate matter and form weakly acidic matrix, nutritive ingredient is high, trace element ratio is suitable, human and animal excreta and edible fungi residue after straw decomposing microbial inoculum, fermentation all belong to microbial fermenters plastome, offer Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and the xylogen of compost abundance; Useless bamboo bits, silt slag, bone meal and dregs of beans contain the necessary trace element of plant-growth: phosphorus, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium etc., in dregs of beans, also contain in addition multiple amino acids, and when increasing leaf vegetables output, improved product quality and nutrition; This may be also with to have added starch-acrylate graft copolymer relevant, can prevent that the nutritive ingredient of leaf vegetables from reducing or running off;
2. adopt useless bamboo bits and plant powdered carbon, there is the good function that de-tastes, make urban family when the plants such as leaf vegetables, avoid producing peculiar smell, clean environment firendly;
3. bamboo vinegar liquid itself has hypertonicity and bacteria resistance function, the crystalline mother solution that makes bamboo vinegar liquid and Avrmectin by proportioning of the present invention especially with straw decomposing microbial inoculum, fermentation after human and animal excreta, the effect of edible fungi residue performance permeable synergistic, can impel active ingredient in microorganism system to play a role, increase the pest effect of organic fertilizer of the present invention; Be convenient to store each component performance synergistic function that prevents from making when effect from reducing fertilizer;
4. solve prior art Avrmectin crystalline mother solution activeconstituents and be difficult to the problem of utilizing, promoted environmental safety demand;
5. the formulated component of organic matter mainly combines the practical situation of domestic enterprise, turns waste into wealth, for local bamboo product product man or planting base, fishes and shrimps pond have solved rubbish reuse problem.
As preferably, described matrix comprises available potassium 100-180mg/kg, available nitrogen 150-300mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 50-100mg/kg, quick-acting copper 5-8mg/kg, quick-acting zinc 10-20mg/kg, quick-acting iron 20-40mg/kg, quick-acting manganese 15-30mg/kg, quick-acting boron 0.5-1mg/kg, exchangeable calcium 3000-5000mg/kg, exchangeability magnesium 300-500mg/kg.
As preferably, described silt slag is shrimp pool silt slag.
Adopt shrimp pool silt slag, the one, can solve the reluctant difficult problem of numerous raiser's mud, the 2nd, can make full use of the nutrient of shrimp pool silt slag, finally make the nutrition compost of environmental protection.
As preferably, described matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and described inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulfate.
As preferably, described matrix total porosity 55-70%, unit weight 0.5-0.7g/cm
3.
As preferably, described organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
(1) mud and water-retaining agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1-0.3mm after 20-40:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag;
(2) in fresh human and animal excreta, add the dry and soft bark of the peat composed of rotten mosses, 3-6%, the 1-4% quick rotting agent heap fermentation of 5-8%, when rising to 40-48 ℃, temperature starts turning, then continue fermentation and keep 3-5 days at 55-60 ℃, when being down to 20-30 ℃, temperature fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented;
(3) the human and animal excreta 15-40 part after the crystalline mother solution that by weight bamboo vinegar liquid 1-4 part, 0.5-2 part is contained to 15-25% Avrmectin, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, dregs of beans 4-9 part mix and obtain organic matter.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. according to the inventive method, prepare silt slag and fermentation human and animal excreta, can utilize in maximum efficiency nutrient in mud and the composition in microorganism fermentation system, and mix with all the other compositions and microorganism system according to specific ratio, obtain excellent organic matter;
2. add the peat composed of rotten mosses and dry and soft bark when improving fermentation effective constituent and accelerated fermentation processes, can promote environmental quality.
More preferably, described water-retaining agent is that polymeric amide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1-2:1.
As preferably, described plant powdered carbon is that plant charcoal is pulverized and obtained, and particle diameter is 3000-5000 order, and described plant charcoal is to make by the following method:
A. raw material pre-treatment: plant material is sent in microwave vacuum tank, be evacuated to vacuum tightness for-0.02MPa～-0.001MPa, then carry out microwave treatment, microwave frequency is 300MHz～950MHz, and microwave treatment time is 1～3min;
B. plant charcoal preparation: the plant material through pre-treatment gained is experienced to dry, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling successively, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ or 900-1000 ℃ and is incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, is warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ or 1600-1800 ℃ and is incubated 2-8h and obtain plant charcoal.
Advantage of the present invention is:
(1) plant charcoal is prepared moisture and the perforate that pre-treatment can be controlled plant material, makes the plant charcoal of preparation have the good function that de-tastes, and makes urban family when the plants such as planting vegetable, avoid producing peculiar smell;
(2) particle diameter is controlled as 3000-5000 order, and surface-area is large, and adsorption function is strong, outside offering base carbon elemental composition, can also purify air; If particle diameter is too little, a little less than function persistence; Particle diameter is too large, and adsorption function is little.
As preferably, described plant material is corn cob, bamboo or pine tree.
More preferably, for corn cob or bamboo, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then is warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, obtains plant charcoal.
More preferably, for pine tree, control combustion is warming up to 900-1000 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then is warming up to 1600-1800 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, obtains plant charcoal.
Embodiment
Leaf vegetables matrix soil formula 1 for micro-agricultural:
Be by weight percentage: matrix 35%, rural area soil 65%;
Matrix total porosity 65-70%, unit weight 0.55-0.65g/cm
3; Matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulfate.
Matrix comprises by weight: organic 70-75%, wherein nitrogen: 1.5-2.5%, and phosphorus: 2-3%, potassium: 2.5-3.5%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.05-0.07% altogether; Inanimate matter 25-30%;
The pH:6.5-6.8 of matrix, specific conductivity: 2-3, cation exchange capacity: >=100;
Organic matter comprises 15 parts of 25 parts of human and animal excretas, edible fungi residues, 5 parts, useless bamboo bits, 3 parts of plant powdered carbons, 8 parts, mud, 5 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of the dregs of beans after 3 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 1 part of crystalline mother solution that contains 20% Avrmectin, 2 parts of starch-acrylate graft copolymers, 20 parts of straw decomposing microbial inoculums, fermentation.
Leaf vegetables matrix soil formula 2 for micro-agricultural:
Be by weight percentage: matrix 25-30%, clay 70-75%;
Matrix total porosity 55-60%, unit weight 0.5-0.6g/cm
3; Matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulfate.
Matrix comprises by weight: organic 60-70%, wherein nitrogen: 1-2%, and phosphorus: 1.5-2.5%, potassium: 2-3%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.02-0.03% altogether; Inanimate matter 30-40%;
The pH:6.5-6.8 of matrix, specific conductivity: 1.5-2.5, cation exchange capacity: >=100;
Organic matter comprises 10 parts of 15 parts of human and animal excretas, edible fungi residues, 3 parts, useless bamboo bits, 2 parts of plant powdered carbons, 5 parts of silt slags, 4 parts of bone meal, 4 parts of the dregs of beans after 1 part of bamboo vinegar liquid, 0.5 part of crystalline mother solution that contains 15% Avrmectin, 1 part of starch-acrylate graft copolymer, 15 parts of straw decomposing microbial inoculums, fermentation.
Leaf vegetables matrix soil formula 3 for micro-agricultural:
Be by weight percentage: matrix 35-45%, clay 55-65%;
Matrix total porosity 65-70%, unit weight 0.6-0.7g/cm
3; Matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulfate.
Matrix comprises by weight: organic 70-80%, wherein nitrogen: 2-3%, and phosphorus: 2.5-3.5%, potassium: 3-4%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.07-0.08% altogether; Inanimate matter 20-30%;
The pH:6.5-6.8 of matrix, specific conductivity: 2.5-3.5, cation exchange capacity: >=100;
Organic matter comprises 18 parts of 40 parts of human and animal excretas, edible fungi residues, 6 parts, useless bamboo bits, 5 parts of plant powdered carbons, 0 part of silt slag, 6 parts of bone meal, 9 parts of the dregs of beans after 4 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 2 parts of crystalline mother solutions that contain 25% Avrmectin, 3 parts of starch-acrylate graft copolymers, 40 parts of straw decomposing microbial inoculums, fermentation.
Embodiment mono-
Plant powdered carbon preparation: plant charcoal is pulverized and obtained, and particle diameter is 3000-5000 order, and described plant charcoal is to make by the following method:
A. raw material pre-treatment: corn cob is sent in microwave vacuum tank, be evacuated to vacuum tightness for-0.01MPa, then carry out microwave treatment, microwave frequency is 650MHz, and microwave treatment time is 2min;
B. plant charcoal preparation: the corn cob through pre-treatment gained is experienced to dry, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling successively, control combustion is warming up to 600-650 ℃ and be incubated 50-70min with the speed of 8-10 ℃/min, and then is warming up to 1100-1300 ℃ and be incubated 4-6h and obtain plant charcoal with the speed of 8-12 ℃/min.
Organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
Shrimp pool mud and water-retaining agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.2mm after 30:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag; Water-retaining agent is that polymeric amide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1.5:1;
In fresh human and animal excreta, add 6% the peat composed of rotten mosses, 5% dry and soft bark, 3% quick rotting agent heap fermentation, when rising to 45 ℃, temperature starts turning, then continue fermentation and keep 4 days at 58 ℃, when temperature is down to 25 ℃, having fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented;
Then by formula 1, mix the micro-agricultural of preparation native by leaf vegetables matrix.
The present embodiment gained compost and normal soil are used for to Growth of Lettuce controlled trial, and detected result is in Table 1:
Embodiment bis-
With embodiment mono-, different is to be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural by formula 2.
Embodiment tri-
With embodiment mono-, different is to be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural by formula 3.
Embodiment tetra-
Plant powdered carbon preparation: plant charcoal is pulverized and obtained, and particle diameter is 3000-4000 order, and described plant charcoal is to make by the following method:
A. raw material pre-treatment: bamboo is sent in microwave vacuum tank, be evacuated to vacuum tightness for-0.02MPa, then carry out microwave treatment, microwave frequency is 300MHz, and microwave treatment time is 1min;
B. plant charcoal preparation: the bamboo through pre-treatment gained is experienced to dry, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling successively, control combustion is warming up to 700 ℃ and be incubated 40min with the speed of 5 ℃/min, and then is warming up to 1000 ℃ and be incubated 2h and obtain plant charcoal with the speed of 5 ℃/min.
Organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
Fish pond mud and water-retaining agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1mm after 20:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag; Water-retaining agent is that polymeric amide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1:1;
In fresh human and animal excreta, add 5% the peat composed of rotten mosses, 3% dry and soft bark, 1% quick rotting agent heap fermentation, when rising to 40 ℃, temperature starts turning, then continue fermentation and keep 3 days at 55 ℃, when temperature is down to 20 ℃, having fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented.
Then by formula 1, be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural.
Embodiment five
With embodiment tetra-, different is to be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural by formula 2.
Embodiment six
With embodiment tetra-, different is to be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural by formula 3.
Embodiment seven
Plant powdered carbon preparation: plant charcoal is pulverized and obtained, and particle diameter is 4000-5000 order, and described plant charcoal is to make by the following method:
A. raw material pre-treatment: pine tree is sent in microwave vacuum tank, be evacuated to vacuum tightness for-0.001MPa, then carry out microwave treatment, microwave frequency is 950MHz, and microwave treatment time is 1～3min;
B. plant charcoal preparation: the pine tree through pre-treatment gained is experienced to dry, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling successively, control combustion is warming up to 1000 ℃ and be incubated 80min with the speed of 15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1800 ℃ and be incubated 8h with the speed of 15 ℃/min, obtain plant charcoal.
Organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
Soft-shelled turtle pool mud and water-retaining agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.3mm after 40:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag; Water-retaining agent is that polymeric amide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 2:1;
In fresh human and animal excreta, add-8% the peat composed of rotten mosses, 6% dry and soft bark, 4% quick rotting agent heap fermentation, when rising to 48 ℃, temperature starts turning, then continue fermentation and keep 5 days at 60 ℃, when temperature is down to 30 ℃, having fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented.
Then by formula 1, be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural.
Embodiment eight
With embodiment seven, different is to be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural by formula 2.
Embodiment nine
With embodiment seven, different is to be mixed with leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural by formula 3.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention; it is not limitation of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make to the present embodiment the modification that there is no creative contribution as required after reading this specification sheets, but as long as within the scope of claim of the present invention, are all subject to the protection of patent law.
Claims (10)
1. a leaf vegetables matrix soil for micro-agricultural, is characterized in that: by matrix and rural area soil or clay, mixed, be by weight percentage: matrix 25-45%, rural area soil or clay 55-75%; Described matrix comprises by weight: organic 60-80%, wherein nitrogen: 1-3%, and phosphorus: 1.5-3.5%, potassium: 2-4%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.02-0.08% altogether; The pH of described matrix is 6.5-6.8, specific conductivity 1.5-3.5S, cation exchange capacity >=100; Described organic matter comprises human and animal excreta 15-40 part, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, the dregs of beans 4-9 part after crystalline mother solution that bamboo vinegar liquid 1-4 part, 0.5-2 part contains 15-25% Avrmectin, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation.
2. a kind of micro-agricultural according to claim 1 is native by leaf vegetables matrix, it is characterized in that: described silt slag is shrimp pool silt slag.
3. a kind of micro-agricultural according to claim 2 is native by leaf vegetables matrix, it is characterized in that: described matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and described inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulfate.
4. according to the leaf vegetables matrix soil for a kind of micro-agricultural described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that: described matrix total porosity 55-70%, unit weight 0.5-0.7g/cm
3.
5. according to the leaf vegetables matrix soil for a kind of micro-agricultural described in claim 1-3 any one, it is characterized in that: described organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
(1) mud and water-retaining agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1-0.3mm after 20-40:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag;
(2) in fresh human and animal excreta, add the dry and soft bark of the peat composed of rotten mosses, 3-6%, the 1-4% quick rotting agent heap fermentation of 5-8%, when rising to 40-48 ℃, temperature starts turning, then continue fermentation and keep 3-5 days at 55-60 ℃, when being down to 20-30 ℃, temperature fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented;
(3) the human and animal excreta 15-40 part after the crystalline mother solution that by weight bamboo vinegar liquid 1-4 part, 0.5-2 part is contained to 15-25% Avrmectin, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, dregs of beans 4-9 part mix and obtain organic matter.
6. a kind of micro-agricultural according to claim 5 is native by leaf vegetables matrix, it is characterized in that: described water-retaining agent is that polymeric amide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1-2:1.
7. a kind of micro-agricultural according to claim 5 is native by leaf vegetables matrix, it is characterized in that: described plant powdered carbon is that plant charcoal is pulverized and obtained, and particle diameter is 3000-5000 order, and described plant charcoal is to make by the following method:
A. raw material pre-treatment: plant material is sent in microwave vacuum tank, be evacuated to vacuum tightness for-0.02MPa～-0.001MPa, then carry out microwave treatment, microwave frequency is 300MHz～950MHz, and microwave treatment time is 1～3min;
B. plant charcoal preparation: the plant material through pre-treatment gained is experienced to dry, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling successively, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ or 900-1000 ℃ and is incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, is warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ or 1600-1800 ℃ and is incubated 2-8h and obtain plant charcoal.
8. a kind of micro-agricultural according to claim 7 is native by leaf vegetables matrix, it is characterized in that: described plant material is corn cob, bamboo or pine tree.
9. a kind of micro-agricultural according to claim 8 is native by leaf vegetables matrix, it is characterized in that: for corn cob or bamboo, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, obtain plant charcoal.
10. a kind of micro-agricultural according to claim 8 is native by leaf vegetables matrix, it is characterized in that: for pine tree, control combustion is warming up to 900-1000 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1600-1800 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, obtain plant charcoal.
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| CN104876663A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-09-02 | 中南林业科技大学 | Seedling-cultivating substrate soil for micro agriculture |
| CN106007895A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Municipal sewage sludge rice seedling-raising substrate and production method and application thereof |
| CN109792932A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-24 | 丹阳市陵口镇漕塘土地股份专业合作社 | A kind of three-coloured amaranth compost |
| CN109804892A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-28 | 丹阳市陵口镇城墅蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of Africa wheatgrass efficient culture soil |
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