CN102986517A - Wood vinegar acidic culture substrate and compounding process thereof - Google Patents
Wood vinegar acidic culture substrate and compounding process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wood vinegar acidic culture substrate and a compounding process thereof. The wood vinegar acidic culture substrate is an acid substrate which can be used for cultivating acid-favored flowers and commercial crops and is obtained by taking wood vinegar liquid and pine barks as raw materials, pre-treating the pine barks, compounding the pre-treated pine barks with garden soil according to a ratio, and utilizing a wood vinegar nutrient solution prepared by compounding the wood vinegar liquid with nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like to spray and mediate a substrate; the substrate has the characteristics of balanced nutrient content and reasonable physical and chemical properties; and the substrate has accelerating effect on plant growth, improves the biological character of plants and has the effects of improving fruit quality and yield. The technical indexes of the wood vinegar acidic culture substrate are as follows: the pH value is 4.0-5.0, the nutrient content NPK is more than or equal to 4.0g/kg, the conductivity is 1.1-1.5ms/cm and the content of organic matters is 10-20%. According to the wood vinegar acidic culture substrate and the compounding process thereof, an agricultural straw gasified byproduct resource is utilized, so that the pollution to the environment, caused by stacking forestry and agricultural residues, is effectively reduced, and a straw wood vinegar acidic culture substrate is further developed to replace a lot of used grass carbon resources in flower cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix and complex process thereof.
Background technology
At present China's floriculture matrix mostly is the peat composed of rotten mosses, and the peat composed of rotten mosses is as a kind of natural resources, and its exploitation easily causes environmental destruction, and country has give stricted orders the restriction exploitation at present.In the large-area forest zone of our province and wood-working factory, a large amount of pine barks is discarded to be piled up, the wasting of resources, in addition mishandling, fire hazardous pollutes atmospheric environment.Pyroligneous liquor is a kind of natural means of production as the accessory substance of agricultural crop straw gasification, and its composition is take acid, ketone, aldehyde material as main, and contains 20 various trace elements.Studies show that pyroligneous liquor has facilitation to growths such as flowers, blueberry, oil tea and ginsengs, has simultaneously good Pesticidal and sterilizing effect.Abundant discarded pine bark resource and stalk pyroligneous liquor resource are organically combined, prepare acid cultivation matrix, both alternative peat composed of rotten mosses resource production floriculture matrix can solve again the soil acidity regulation and control problem of the economic plants such as blueberry, was the research that DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is wide.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix, this matrix had both effectively been utilized the agricultural waste resource, and conservation of nature peat composed of rotten mosses resource reduces again the discarded object stacking to the pollution of environment, has solved the Adjustment of soil acidity problem.Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix, raw pine bark are after 5% ethanolic solution preliminary treatment, with pine bark and by volume 1:1 mixing of garden mould; Wood vinegar nutrient solution prescription is: contain stalk pyroligneous liquor 800ml, urea 2.6g, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g, ferrous sulfate 1g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g, the concentrated sulfuric acid 34.2ml of mass percent 98%, water 145ml in every 1000ml wood vinegar nutrient solution.
Described ethanol, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and the concentrated sulfuric acid are analytical reagent.
Described raw material pyroligneous liquor is maize straw gasification accessory substance: its composition is take acetic acid content as main, quality of acetic acid degree 7.5%-10.6%, pH3.0-4.0; Described raw pine bark is the Dahurian larch bark, pH4.0-4.5, quality of organic matter degree 20%-30%.
Described garden mould is planting common cultivation soil, quality of organic matter percentage composition 4.5%-5.5%, pH6.0-7.0, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 220-260mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 225-255mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 260-290mg/kg, full nitrogen quality percentage composition 0.25-0.35%, full phosphorus quality percentage composition 0.25-0.35%, full potassium quality percentage composition 1.5-2.5%.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of nutrient content equilibrium, the rational pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of physicochemical character complex process.Pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix complex process of the present invention is: (1) described raw material adopts the maize straw gasification product: pyroligneous liquor, its quality of acetic acid percentage composition 7.5%-10.6%, pH value 3.0-4.0; (2) wooden vinegar nutrient solution consists of: contain the described pyroligneous liquor 800ml of step (1) in every 1000ml wood vinegar nutrient solution, the urea 2.6g of quality percentage composition 99%, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g of quality percentage composition 99%, the ferrous sulfate 1g of quality percentage composition 99%, the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g of quality percentage composition 98%, the concentrated sulfuric acid 34.2ml of quality percentage composition 98%, water 145ml; (3) the raw pine bark is the Dahurian larch bark, its pH4.1-4.5, quality of organic matter percentage composition 20%-30%; (4) preliminary treatment: the described raw pine bark of step (3) and volumn concentration are that 5% ethanolic solution is 1:10, temperature 60 C, lixiviate 18h by volume; (5) the raw pine bark that is obtained by step (4), through air-dry, pulverize, with air-dry garden mould by volume 1:1 mix, obtain mixed-matrix; (6) the wooden vinegar nutrient solution by step (2) gained adds in the mixed-matrix spraying that step (5) obtains by consumption 50ml-120ml/kg, obtains being fit to the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of happiness acid soil plant; The pH4.0-5.0 of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20%.
Advantage of the present invention:
(1) matrix formulations raw material: matrix is take wide material sources and cheap pine bark and stalk pyroligneous liquor as main material, and it is acid that the two pH all is, and pH regulation and control in the cultivation of the economic plants such as blueberry are had obvious cost and physicochemical character advantage.Test shows, blueberry is the acid and high economic plants of the content of organic matter of happiness, especially pH is had relatively high expectations, general pH 4.0-5.0, therefore to carry out the acid regulation and control to cultivation garden mould pH6.0-7.0, normal conditions can add a large amount of sulphur powder or irrigate sulfuric acid solution, studies show that pH unit of every reduction needs quality percentage composition 99% sulphur powder 1000-1200kg/hm
2Or quality percentage composition 98% sulfuric acid 1700-2040L/hm
2If pH is down to blueberry appropriate pH 4.0-5.0, then need drop into sulphur powder cost 6500-10000 unit/hm
2Or sulphuric acid cost 6000-9000 unit/hm
2And pine bark pH4.1-4.5, stalk pyroligneous liquor pH3.0-4.0 use acid cultivation matrix of the present invention and then need drop into preliminary treatment pine bark 6m
3-7m
3, cost 120-140 unit/hm
2, stalk wood vinegar nutrient solution 2000-2200L, cost 4000-4400 unit/hm
2, the sulfuric acid 120-130L of quality percentage composition 98%, cost 420-450 unit/hm
2, add up to 4540-4950 unit/hm
2, acid cultivation matrix cost uses sulphur powder or the low 30%-50% of sulphuric acid cost.Contain abundant nutrient component in pine bark, the stalk pyroligneous liquor simultaneously, wherein the quality of organic matter percentage composition reaches 20%-30% in the pine bark, can satisfy blueberry to the growth demand of organic and nutritive element, and sulphur powder or sulfuric acid solution only are to play the effect of regulating acidity, as shown in Figure 9.Be the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of raw material preparation with pine bark and stalk pyroligneous liquor, take peat composed of rotten mosses resource as main cultivation matrix, become the matrix that substitutes of floriculture on the alternative market, can save peat composed of rotten mosses resource 200,000,000 m every year
3, both realized resource circulation utilization, protected again natural ecological environment.
The characteristics such as (2) the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of the present invention's preparation is compared with similar cultivation matrix and had the nutrient equilibrium, and physicochemical character is reasonable.Its technical indicator is pH4.0-5.0, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20%.The pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix can be applicable to like the economic plants cultivation field such as acid flower and blueberry.It is compared with peat composed of rotten mosses cultivation matrix in belgian azalea cultivation application test, and difference is not remarkable on nutrient component, as shown in Figure 5, can substitute peat composed of rotten mosses matrix fully; On the aspect that affects at cuckoo florescence, pyroligneous acid cultivation and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix contrast shift to an earlier date 2-3 days existing buds, to later stage in comparison with thanking to flower on October 15, pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix are respectively at thanking to flower on October 25 and 22 days on the 10th.As seen, two kinds of matrix all has short blooming and the effect of kind of blooming period prolonging to cuckoo, and wherein pyroligneous acid matrix prolongs cuckoo florescence 2-3d than peat composed of rotten mosses matrix more.Test shows that pyroligneous acid matrix is compared with peat composed of rotten mosses matrix to the blueberry yield effect, and individual plant single output is respectively 185.44g and 176.9g; One season of individual plant, output was 810.66g and 778.65g, and the two otherness is not remarkable, but pyroligneous acid matrix is better than peat composed of rotten mosses matrix aspect output, as shown in Figure 7.
(3) pine bark pretreating process in the matrix formulations: Dahurian larch bark and 5% ethanolic solution be 1:10 by volume, temperature 60 C, lixiviate 18h carries out preliminary treatment, tannin, resin, phenolic acid etc. affect the harmful substance contents of growth and development of plants in effective minimizing pine bark, this technique is workable, process is simple, non-environmental-pollution.Show in the pot experiment, utilize the nutrient matrix of fresh pine bark preparation, widely different to the growth effect of liking the economic plants such as acid flower and blueberry with become thoroughly decomposed more than the 15 years nutrient matrix of pine bark of the degraded that naturally comes off.The pine bark nutrient matrix that becomes thoroughly decomposed has obvious facilitation to growth and development of plants, and fresh pine bark nutrient matrix vegetation growth state is relatively poor, even has and the symptoms such as plant is withered occur on a small quantity.Be defined as by analysis pine bark raw material problem, studies show that, contain the materials such as a large amount of tannin, phenolic acid and rosin in the pine bark, this wherein vegetable tannin, phenol acid substance to the toxic effect of plant growth.Therefore, being directly used in the preparation cultivation matrix with fresh pine bark has adverse effect to plant growth, and tannin in the pine bark that becomes thoroughly decomposed, aldehydes matter are lower through measuring content.How removing in the fresh pine bark a large amount of tannin, resin and phenol acid substance is the key point that solves the base starting material problem.Test adopts 5% ethanolic solution to process, and has both reached the effect of lixiviate tannin, resin and phenol acid substance, has also saved the time of digest process.Result of the test shows, 5% ethanolic solution can make that tannin, resin and phenolic content are reduced to 3.67%, 0.05%, 2.64% in the fresh pine bark, and treatment effect is better than the nature degraded that comes off.Adopting ethanol is that extractant is because ethanol has stronger lixiviate ability to organic substances such as tannin, rosin and phenolic acid, and ethanol belongs to neutral organic solvent simultaneously, and naturally volatilization after the pine bark preliminary treatment can be to environment, as shown in figure 10.
(4) pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix complex process: after the preliminary treatment pine bark and garden mould by volume 1:1 mix, wooden vinegar nutrient solution adds composite forming with spray pattern.Garden mould pH6.68, pH reduces to 6.08 behind pine bark and the garden mould mixed-matrix, composite with wooden vinegar nutrient solution spray after, pH is 4.0-5.0, and nutrient content and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix approaches, and can satisfy the needs of acid soil plant cultivation, as shown in Figure 3; This technical process is simple, need not special process equipment, environmentally safe.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix test results report book cover page
Fig. 2 is pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix test results report book homepage
Fig. 3 is 1 page of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix test results report book testing result
Fig. 4 is 2 pages of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix test results report book testing results
Fig. 5 is the proterties table of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix
Fig. 6 be the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix on the different periods of blueberry nourish and grow affect table
Fig. 7 is that the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix is on the table that affects of blueberry output
Fig. 8 is that the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix is on the table that affects of blueberry quality
Fig. 9 is the chemical property table of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix raw material
Figure 10 is preliminary treatment on the table that affects of rosin in the pine bark, tannin, aldehydes matter
Embodiment:
A kind of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix, raw pine bark are after 5% ethanolic solution preliminary treatment, with pine bark and by volume 1:1 mixing of garden mould; Wood vinegar nutrient solution prescription is: contain stalk pyroligneous liquor 800ml, urea 2.6g, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g, ferrous sulfate 1g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g, the concentrated sulfuric acid 34.2ml of mass percent 98%, water 145ml in every 1000ml wood vinegar nutrient solution.
Described ethanol, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and the concentrated sulfuric acid are analytical reagent.
Described raw material pyroligneous liquor is maize straw gasification accessory substance: its composition is take acetic acid content as main, quality of acetic acid degree 7.5%-10.6%, pH3.0-4.0; Described raw pine bark is the Dahurian larch bark, pH4.0-4.5, quality of organic matter degree 20%-30%.
Described garden mould is planting common cultivation soil, quality of organic matter percentage composition 4.5%-5.5%, pH6.0-7.0, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 220-260mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 225-255mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 260-290mg/kg, full nitrogen quality percentage composition 0.25-0.35%, full phosphorus quality percentage composition 0.25-0.35%, full potassium quality percentage composition 1.5-2.5%.
The complex process of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of the present invention is: (1) described raw material adopts the maize straw gasification product: pyroligneous liquor, its quality of acetic acid percentage composition 7.5%-10.6%, pH value 3.0-4.0; (2) wooden vinegar nutrient solution prescription is: contain the described pyroligneous liquor 800ml of step (1) in every 1000ml wood vinegar nutrient solution, the urea 2.6g of quality percentage composition 99%, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g of quality percentage composition 99%, the ferrous sulfate 1g of quality percentage composition 99%, the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g of quality percentage composition 98%, the concentrated sulfuric acid 34.2ml of quality percentage composition 98%, water 145ml; (3) the raw pine bark is the Dahurian larch bark, its pH4.1-4.5, quality of organic matter percentage composition 20%-30%; (4) preliminary treatment: the described raw pine bark of step (3) and volumn concentration are that 5% ethanolic solution is 1:10, temperature 60 C, lixiviate 18h by volume; (5) the raw pine bark that is obtained by step (4), through air-dry, pulverize, with air-dry garden mould by volume 1:1 mix, obtain mixed-matrix; (6) the wooden vinegar nutrient solution by step (2) gained adds in the mixed-matrix spraying that step (5) obtains by consumption 50ml-120ml/kg, obtains being fit to the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of happiness acid soil plant; The pH4.0-5.0 of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20%.As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4.
Bark of dahurian larch, it is air-dry to tile, and the bulk bark is smashed, and gets 0.5m
3, add 5% ethanolic solution 5000L, after mixing, be heated to 60 ℃ of constant temperature and leave standstill 18h, drain away the water, air-dry pulverizing, with the natural air drying garden mould by volume 1:1 mix composite for mixed-matrix; The disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g of quality percentage composition 98% is dissolved in the 100ml distilled water, after the ferrous sulfate 1g of quality percentage composition 99% is dissolved in the 45ml distilled water, mix with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate liquid, take by weighing the urea 2.6g of quality percentage composition 99%, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g of quality percentage composition 99%, be dissolved in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate-ferrous sulfate mixed solution, the sulfuric acid 34.2ml that adds quality percentage composition 98%, get corn stalk pyroligneous liquor 800ml and mix the composite wooden vinegar nutrient solution that is with above-mentioned nutrient solution, with watering can wooden vinegar nutrient solution 50ml is stirred on spraying limit, mixed-matrix top, obtain such as Fig. 1, the pyroligneous acid nutrient matrix that is suitable for liking the subacidity plant shown in Figure 2, its index is pH4.6-5.0, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20%, as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 2
Bark of dahurian larch, it is air-dry to tile, and the bulk bark is smashed, and gets 0.5m
3, add 5% ethanolic solution 5000L, after mixing, be heated to 60 ℃ of constant temperature and leave standstill 18h, drain away the water, air-dry pulverizing, with the natural air drying garden mould by volume 1:1 mix composite for mixed-matrix; The disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g of quality percentage composition 98% is dissolved in the 100ml distilled water, after the ferrous sulfate 1g of quality percentage composition 99% is dissolved in the 45ml distilled water, mix with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate liquid, take by weighing the urea 2.6g of quality percentage composition 99%, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g of quality percentage composition 99%, be dissolved in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate-ferrous sulfate mixed solution, the sulfuric acid 34.2ml that adds quality percentage composition 98%, get corn stalk pyroligneous liquor 800ml and mix the composite wooden vinegar nutrient solution that is with above-mentioned nutrient solution, with watering can wooden vinegar nutrient solution 80ml is stirred on spraying limit, mixed-matrix top, obtain such as Fig. 1, the pyroligneous acid nutrient matrix that is suitable for liking the subacidity plant shown in Figure 2, its index is pH4.4-4.8, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20% is such as Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 3
Bark of dahurian larch, it is air-dry to tile, and the bulk bark is smashed, and gets 0.5m
3, add 5% ethanolic solution 5000L, after mixing, be heated to 60 ℃ of constant temperature and leave standstill 18h, drain away the water, air-dry pulverizing, with the natural air drying garden mould by volume 1:1 mix composite for mixed-matrix; The disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g of quality percentage composition 98% is dissolved in the 100ml distilled water, after the ferrous sulfate 1g of quality percentage composition 99% is dissolved in the 45ml distilled water, mix with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate liquid, take by weighing the urea 2.6g of quality percentage composition 99%, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g of quality percentage composition 99%, be dissolved in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate-ferrous sulfate mixed solution, the sulfuric acid 34.2ml that adds quality percentage composition 98%, get corn stalk pyroligneous liquor 800ml and mix the composite wooden vinegar nutrient solution that is with above-mentioned nutrient solution, with watering can wooden vinegar nutrient solution 100ml is stirred on spraying limit, mixed-matrix top, obtain such as Fig. 1, the pyroligneous acid nutrient matrix that is suitable for liking the subacidity plant shown in Figure 2, its index is pH4.2-4.6, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20% is such as Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4.
Bark of dahurian larch, it is air-dry to tile, and the bulk bark is smashed, and gets 0.5m
3, add 5% ethanolic solution 5000L, after mixing, be heated to 60 ℃ of constant temperature and leave standstill 18h, drain away the water, air-dry pulverizing, with the natural air drying garden mould by volume 1:1 mix composite for mixed-matrix; The disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g of quality percentage composition 98% is dissolved in the 100ml distilled water, after the ferrous sulfate 1g of quality percentage composition 99% is dissolved in the 45ml distilled water, mix with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate liquid, take by weighing the urea 2.6g of quality percentage composition 99%, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g of quality percentage composition 99%, be dissolved in disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate-ferrous sulfate mixed solution, the sulfuric acid 34.2ml that adds quality percentage composition 98%, get corn stalk pyroligneous liquor 800ml and mix the composite wooden vinegar nutrient solution that is with above-mentioned nutrient solution, with watering can wooden vinegar nutrient solution 120ml is stirred on spraying limit, mixed-matrix top, obtain such as Fig. 1, the pyroligneous acid nutrient matrix that is suitable for liking the subacidity plant shown in Figure 2, its index is pH4.0-4.4, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20%, as shown in Figure 4.
Adopt pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of the present invention to carry out experiment in cultivation at blueberry.
1 materials and methods
1.1 material and experimental scheme
1.1.1 for the examination material
Corn pyroligneous liquor: be purchased from Demonstration village, Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang Province stalk energy gasification station; Pine bark: pick up from Daxing ' anling, heilongjiang area Tahe Forestry Bureau; Garden mould: pick up from cultivation black earth in the institute of 〉Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Nature and Ecology Institute; Ethanol, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, sulphate reagent: be purchased from Harbin City's Sheng and reach the chemical reagent shop; For trying blueberry: 3 years living blueberries of cultivation in 〉Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Nature and Ecology Institute greenhouse.
1.1.2 experimental scheme
The blueberry test: the blueberry experimental cultivar is northern land; Pot experiment is established MW: the pyroligneous acid nutrient matrix; MP: peat composed of rotten mosses matrix; CK: garden mould contrast, this garden mould is: mix and execute sulphur powder 3.12g/ basin and carry out acid adjustment, post processing adds the cultivation garden mould of same amount sulfuric acid solution with water; Every kind of matrix 20 basin/
Repeat 3 times; In 2011 05 month, finished in October, 2011, carries out matrix and use experiment in cultivation.
1.2 mensuration project and method
The height of blueberry plant, the hat width of cloth, base are given birth to long, an elongated shoot length: solid front general measure; Blueberry output: conventional weighing method;
The mensuration of total sugar content in the Blueberry: direct titrimetric method;
The mensuration of total acid content in the fruit: acid base titration indicator method;
The mensuration of anthocyanin content in the fruit: pH differential method.
2 results and analysis
2.1 the proterties of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix: the result shows, two kinds of substrate pHs but all are lower than CK all between 4.4-4.6; Higher MW is that 4.58, MP is 4.43 in the matrix; From plant adaptability, more suitable to plants such as blueberries, and more suitable concerning the part acid flower, and pH is relatively on the low side concerning the other parts acid flower, but as long as can solve problems by improving the garden mould ratio.Each matrix content of organic matter is higher, nitrogen, potassium content height, and phosphorous level is general, but also can satisfy the growth needs of flowers and blueberry.Wherein peat composed of rotten mosses matrix nutrition level is higher, and this is relevant with the wooden vinegar of peat composed of rotten mosses idiotrophic composition, pine bark class material height.Pyroligneous acid matrix quality of organic matter percentage composition is 17.48g/kg, total nitrogen content 1.78g/kg, and content of tatal phosphorus 0.81g/kg, full potassium content 16.23g/kg, available nutrient content is suitable.Relatively comprehensive, nutrient content enriches degree MP a little more than MW, but difference is little.CK nutrient content level is apparently higher than each matrix, and this and garden mould for many years heavy dressing have direct relation, as shown in Figure 5.
2.2 the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix is to the blueberry nutrient affects on the growth: test shows: the plant height in northern land is up to MP68.97cm, and hat width of cloth MW is slightly high, but these two index MP and the equal difference of MW are not remarkable, with the CK significant difference.Base give birth to branch long, prolong and give birth to long and irregular the following of branch, this may be different from the kind upgrowth situation relevant.And from the survival rate analysis, except CK, the two kinds of northern land of processing survival rate of plant are all higher, reach 100%, as shown in Figure 6.Be that two kinds of matrix of MP and MW are to potted plant blueberry nutrient growth indexes no significant difference.
2.3 the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix is on the impact of blueberry output: the result shows: each process 100-grain weight, the full bearing period individual plant single output and one season of individual plant gross yield all be higher than CK, and significant difference.From 100-grain weight index index analysis, MW is that 93.06g is higher than the MP processing, but not remarkable with MP difference, namely these 2 kinds of matrix treatments fruits are larger.Individual plant single output, one season of individual plant, gross yield was consistent with the 100-grain weight index, showed that processing fruit yields for these two kinds is higher than CK, as shown in Figure 7.Be that MW processes the northern land of cultivation and MP has effect same, can increase fruit yield and quality, fruit is the flavor sweet and sour palatability greatly, can be used as the nutrient matrix of northern land cultivation.
2.4 the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix is on the impact of blueberry quality: the fruits nutrition of blueberry is abundant, and what and ratio of its fruit total acid and total sugar content are to weigh the important indicator of its mouthfeel.As shown in Figure 8: use the northern land of different substrates cultivation, total acid and total sugar content are all variant in its fruit.Each is processed total sugar content and all is higher than contrast, and reaches significance level, and MP and MW difference are not remarkable.Total acid content is the highest with CK, with other two kinds processing significant differences.Respectively process as calculated sugar-acid ratio between 9.67-16.70, MP and MW difference are not remarkable, but each processing is all remarkable with contrast difference, is up to 16.70, MP with the MW sugar-acid ratio and takes second place, and is 14.26.The sweet slightly acid of mouthfeel flavor contrasts that then tart flavour is heavier.The size of sugar-acid ratio does not have certain judgment criteria according to difference processing purpose is different with individual mouthfeel in the Blueberry.
Contain abundant anthocyanin in the blueberry, anthocyanin has important physiology and health care characteristics is approved by people.The blueberry cultivation soil pH value is very large to the Anthocyanin from Blueberry content influence, and when soil pH value was 4.5, the content of Anthocyanins From Blueberry was the highest.The accumulation of the too high or too low anthocyanin of soil acidity obviously reduces, even can cause the death of plant.The too high iron deficiency chlorosis that often can cause again blueberry of soil pH value also can cause the blueberry undergrowth, thereby affect the accumulation of Blueberry Anthocyanins.
Test shows: different disposal is larger on anthocyanin content impact among the northern Lu Guoshi.Each is processed anthocyanin content and all is higher than CK, and reaches significance level.MP and MW difference are not remarkable, but two kinds of processing and the equal difference of CK are remarkable.The MP anthocyanin content is the highest, is 145.01mg/kg, and MW is 134.01mg/kg, is higher than the 73.64mg/kg of CK far away, as shown in Figure 8.
3 conclusions
Carry out the experiment in cultivation of blueberry by using pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix and peat composed of rotten mosses matrix, take the garden mould cultivation as contrast, although shown pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix and peat composed of rotten mosses cultivation matrix exist aspect physicochemical character and the nutrient content different, but it all is better than contrast to cultivation the nourishing and growing of blueberry, yield and quality aspect, and between the two without significant difference, even on output a little more than peat composed of rotten mosses matrix, be that the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix has the High-quality Cultivation effect same with peat composed of rotten mosses matrix, can substitute the peat composed of rotten mosses as the cultivation matrix of the acid economic plants of happiness.
Claims (5)
1. pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix is characterized in that: the raw pine bark after 5% ethanolic solution preliminary treatment, with pine bark and garden mould by volume 1:1 mix; Wood vinegar nutrient solution prescription is: contain stalk pyroligneous liquor 800ml, urea 2.6g, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g, ferrous sulfate 1g, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g, the concentrated sulfuric acid 34.2ml of mass percent 98%, water 145ml in every 1000ml wood vinegar nutrient solution.
2. a kind of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ethanol, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate and the concentrated sulfuric acid are analytical reagent.
3. a kind of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described raw material pyroligneous liquor is maize straw gasification accessory substance: its composition is take acetic acid content as main, quality of acetic acid degree 7.5%-10.6%, pH3.0-4.0; Described raw pine bark is the Dahurian larch bark, pH4.0-4.5, quality of organic matter degree 20%-30%.
4. a kind of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described garden mould is planting common cultivation soil, quality of organic matter percentage composition 4.5%-5.5%, pH6.0-7.0, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 220-260mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 225-255mg/kg, quick-acting potassium content 260-290mg/kg, full nitrogen quality percentage composition 0.25-0.35%, full phosphorus quality percentage composition 0.25-0.35%, full potassium quality percentage composition 1.5-2.5%.
5. the complex process of a pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix is characterized in that: (1) described raw material employing maize straw gasification product: pyroligneous liquor, its quality of acetic acid percentage composition 7.5%-10.6%, pH value 3.0-4.0; (2) wooden vinegar nutrient solution prescription is: contain the described pyroligneous liquor 800ml of step (1) in every 1000ml wood vinegar nutrient solution, the urea 2.6g of quality percentage composition 99%, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10.4g of quality percentage composition 99%, the ferrous sulfate 1g of quality percentage composition 99%, the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1.5g of quality percentage composition 98%, the concentrated sulfuric acid 34.2ml of quality percentage composition 98%, water 145ml; (3) the raw pine bark is the Dahurian larch bark, its pH4.1-4.5, quality of organic matter percentage composition 20%-30%; (4) preliminary treatment: the described raw pine bark of step (3) and volumn concentration are that 5% ethanolic solution is 1:10, temperature 60 C, lixiviate 18h by volume; (5) the raw pine bark that is obtained by step (4), through air-dry, pulverize, with air-dry garden mould by volume 1:1 mix, obtain mixed-matrix; (6) the wooden vinegar nutrient solution by step (2) gained adds in the mixed-matrix spraying that step (5) obtains by consumption 50ml-120ml/kg, obtains being fit to the pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix of happiness acid soil plant; The pH4.0-5.0 of pyroligneous acid cultivation matrix, nutrient content NPK 〉=4.0g/kg, electrical conductivity 1.1-1.5ms/cm, quality of organic matter percentage composition 10%-20%.
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| CN104429849A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 大连大学 | New method for water planting of blueberries |
| CN106748325A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-31 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院花卉研究所 | A kind of camellia soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN107593321A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-01-19 | 无为县雨露生态农业有限公司 | Blueberry ripe breeding method in the winter time |
| CN108901752A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-30 | 浙江丰瑜生态科技有限公司 | Flowers culture substrate and the preparation method and application thereof |
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