CN102674976A - Leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula and preparation and applications thereof - Google Patents
Leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula and preparation and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102674976A CN102674976A CN201210171249XA CN201210171249A CN102674976A CN 102674976 A CN102674976 A CN 102674976A CN 201210171249X A CN201210171249X A CN 201210171249XA CN 201210171249 A CN201210171249 A CN 201210171249A CN 102674976 A CN102674976 A CN 102674976A
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Abstract
The invention relates to leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula and preparation and applications of the nutritional formula. The leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula is prepared by comprising the following steps: respectively packaging nutritional matrix and nutritional fertilizer according to mass proportion of 100:0.3-0.6, wherein the raw materials of the nutritional matrix comprises expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, sawdust, calcium superphosphate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and zinc sulfate, and the raw materials of nutritional fertilizer comprises ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride. According to the leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula, nutrients in the matrix and nutrients in the fertilizer can be matched, thus commonly achieving the purpose of providing nutrition for leaf-watching flowers in a balancing manner. The invention further provides a preparation method and the applications of leaf-watching flower soilless culture nutritional formula, and good effect is achieved by culture experiments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal and methods for making and using same thereof, belong to the cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
External soilless culture of flowers starts from the seventies in last century, and that uses at first comprises Poland, Holland, Britain, Germany etc.China's soilless culture of flowers was period with fastest developing speed the eighties in last century in recent years.Soilless culture of flowers is compared with traditional soil cultivation, and its major advantage is that output is high, quality is good, the matrix health, be easy to carry out adjusting and controlling growth, do not receive region restriction etc.Flower culture is to cultivate under potted plant at home or the industrializing facility condition generally speaking; Environment ventilation of living in is bad; High humidity is if culture substrate nutrition is too abundant, in the course of cultivation; Various mikrobes such as bacterium, fungi, actinomycetes, virus etc. can get into by all means grows in the culture substrate in a large number, causes the generation of various diseases, insect pest.
CN101548640A (CN200910076676.8) discloses a kind of flower culture matrix and preparation method thereof; The flower culture matrix of this invention comprises major ingredient and additive; Wherein major ingredient is peat, perlite and vermiculite; Additive is that water supply in media amendment, pH regulator agent ground dolomite or Paris white and 2-3-6 nutrition start agent, and the particle diameter of peat, perlite and vermiculite is greater than 3mm.Said water supply in media amendment comprises steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylate amide, and the mass percent concentration of said steroidal saponin solution is 1-2%, and said steroidal saponin solution and polyoxyethylate amide weight part proportioning are 80-95: 5-20; This flower culture matrix nutrition is balanced, and physical properties is stable, and the water supply in media amendment can reduce stromal surface tension force, improves the wetting capacity and the homogeneity of stromal surface, has significantly improved the water-absorbent of peat growing medium, delays the efflorescence of peat.
Watch leaf flower is the main kind of flower culture, and according to investigations, the cultivation quantity of watch leaf flower accounts for more than 70% of whole flowers.Watch leaf flower supplies people to appreciate with the moulding of its beautiful blade shape, color and whole strain.Although the regulation and control of these essential propertys and flower variety, envrionment temperature, water supply in media have confidential relation, also receive the nutrient influence of supply rationally simultaneously.At first, balance can make plant strain growth healthy and strong between nutrient supply abundance, each nutrient, improves ornamental performance; Secondly, the shortage of nutritive element that some is special such as iron, magnesium, nitrogen reduces chlorophyll content in leaf blades, and photosynthesis reduces, and the leaf look thin out.Moreover, through the supply form of allocating nutritive element blade shape, color are changed.
CN101723742A (CN200910242677.5) provide a kind of euphorbia pulcherrima culture matrix; Comprise as the organic waste substrate material of staple with as the perlite of ancillary component; Wherein, said organic waste substrate material be the deficiency that can remedy the single-matrix physicochemical character each other, the physicochemical character that improves culture substrate, respectively through two or more the mixture of organic waste in agricultural and forest industries of fermentative processing.The mixed-matrix of this invention can overcome the deficiency of single-matrix; Improve the physico-chemical property of matrix; Improve the cultivation quality of poinsettia, reduced the consumption of peat in soilless culture of flowers simultaneously, realized the recycling of organic waste in agricultural and forest industries such as wheat-straw, cornstalk and Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae; Significantly reduce production cost, had obvious social, economic benefit and environmental ecological benefit.
Flower culture matrix at present commonly used comprises inorganic culture substrate and organic culture substrate, and inorganic matrix has rock wool, perlite, vermiculite etc., and organic substrate is that various organism become thoroughly decomposed by fermentation and make.The clean health of inorganic matrix be not easy to grow assorted bacterium, insect pest, but nutritive substance can not satisfy the flowers needs; Though organic substrate is nutritious, be prone to produce disease and pest and contaminate environment.If make full use of advantages such as the clean health of inorganic matrix, with reasonable manner nutrition is provided again, promote the good growth of watch leaf flower, be to improve it to utilize one of important measures of function.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the present invention provides watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal.
The present invention also provides the preparation method and the application of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes the adsorption to nutritive element of pearlstone, expanded vermiculite; At first nutritive elements such as the needed phosphorus of watch leaf flower, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc are mixed with pearlstone, expanded vermiculite, wood chip; And placement certain hour; It is fully adsorbed, form the solid nutraceutical matrix.The nutrient situation that can offer watch leaf flower according to matrix is again prepared nutritious fertilizer in addition, makes that nutrient cooperatively interacts in nutrient and the fertilizer in the matrix, reaches the purpose that balance provides the watch leaf flower nutrient jointly.The present invention has obtained good effect through experiment in cultivation.
The term explanation
Watch leaf flower: in breeding cycle, do not bloom or the florescence very short, be one type of flowers of master with the shape of viewing and admiring leaf, color etc., like epipremnum aureum, bracketplant, Monstera deliciosa, sago cycas, kafir lily, green beauty, poinsettia etc.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal is formed nutraceutical matrix by nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer two portions: nutritious fertilizer mass ratio=100: (0.3～0.6); Wherein,
Described nutraceutical matrix, raw materials quality part is following:
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 5～8 parts in an ammonium nitrate, 2～5 parts in Repone K.
Above-mentioned nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer are packed respectively.
According to the present invention, preferred, described pearlstone particle diameter 2-4mm, commercially available prod.
According to the present invention, preferred, described expanded vermiculite particle diameter 1-3mm, commercially available prod.
Wood chip of the present invention is the crushed material of waste wood in the wood working process.Preferably, hardwood sawdust is crossed aperture 3～4mm sieve, and the physical environment held is no less than half a year.Further preferred wood chip is the poplar-branch crushed material.
Contain Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 12～16wt% according to superphosphate of lime of the present invention, Powdered, market is on sale.
Sal epsom of the present invention, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, the commercially available prod.
In the watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal according to the invention, nutraceutical matrix is used to sow flower seed or plantation flowers seedling, and nutritious fertilizer is made into the aqueous solution and uses successively when watering through the form of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
According to the present invention, one of preferred scheme:
A kind of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.5, respectively packing; Wherein, described nutraceutical matrix raw materials quality part is following:
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 6.5～7.5 parts in an ammonium nitrate, 2.5～3.5 parts in Repone K.
According to the present invention, the preparation method of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, step is following:
(1) by proportioning, gets pearlstone, expanded vermiculite, wood chip, superphosphate of lime, sal epsom, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 25 ~ 28wt%, places 3-5 hour; Turning was placed 3-5 hour again; Dry or dry to moisture content 20wt%, nutraceutical matrix.
(2) by proportioning, get an ammonium nitrate and vitriolate of tartar, mix, get nutritious fertilizer.
(3) by proportioning, get nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer, packing reinstalls in the sack respectively, promptly gets.
Watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal of the present invention is used, method such as one of following:
1, gets nutraceutical matrix; Reserve the matrix of enough covering 2-3 cm thicks; With the rest part cultivating container (basin, dish or geosyncline) of packing into; Water sufficient moisture, when the stromal surface absence of liq water surface, flower seed is sowed at the nutraceutical matrix surface, and then the matrix of reserving is covered flower seed 2-3 cm thick.When flowers seedling length to three slice true leaf, it is 1 that nutritious fertilizer is made into mass ratio: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively through mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
2, get nutraceutical matrix; Reserve the matrix of enough coverings 1-2 cm thick,, plant the flowers seedling before watering earlier the rest part cultivating container (basin, dish or geosyncline) of packing into; Water sufficient moisture, when the stromal surface absence of liq water surface, cover the matrix of the 1-2 cm thick of reservation again.Treat that flowers return that nutritious fertilizer to be made into mass ratio behind the seedling be 1: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively through mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
Above-mentioned nutritious fertilizer 1: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000 is meant that the nutritious fertilizer of 1 mass parts adds the water of 1500-2000 mass parts.Watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal of the present invention, can be flowers provides the nutrition time to be about 1 year.
Excellent results of the present invention:
1. matrix has both ventilation and two kinds of functions of water conservation
Pearlstone and expanded vermiculite belong to the water swelling mineral; Have good water-retentivity, but excess moisture often influences the venting capability of matrix, and the adding of wood chip has obviously increased air permeability; Cooperatively interact between them, can be flowers good root growth environment is provided.
2. promote that the flower leaf look dark green
Watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal of the present invention can provide nutrients such as competent iron, magnesium and ammonium nitrogen element for flowers; These nutrients have obvious facilitation to the synthetic grade of flowers blade green element of middle period; Increase chlorophyll content, improved the sight of flowers.
3. the nutritious fertilizer solvability is good, avoids deposition to take place
The present invention combines matrix nutrition and fertilizer nutrition, is placed in the matrix forming nutritive elements such as sedimentary phosphorus, calcium, iron easily, and its fertilizer partly has only nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer; These two kinds of fertilizer solvabilities are good; Avoided nutritive medium to produce deposition, the homogeneity of influence fertilising improves fertilizer utilization efficiency; This fertilizer also can adopt forms such as drip irrigation, not blocking pipe simultaneously.
4. avoid salt damage
What the required nutrient of flowers was maximum is that nitrogen and potassium are plain, and these two kinds of nutrient solvabilities are good, all are added in the matrix as if disposable; Then they mainly are present in the solution of matrix with ionic condition; Can increase strength of solution, cause flower root system suction difficulty, produce salt damage.The present invention uses with the form wiring solution-forming of nutritious fertilizer successively, has avoided the generation of salt damage.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified, but be not limited thereto.Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts.Raw material is explained as follows: pearlstone, Zhang Dian roc high mountain, Zibo lagging material factory produces, particle diameter 2-4mm.Expanded vermiculite, the permanent vermiculite in source, Lingshou County, Hebei province source mill, particle diameter 1-3mm.Wood chip is the poplar-branch crushed material, crosses aperture 3～4mm sieve, physical environment held half a year.Superphosphate of lime, Shandong Province Xintai City phosphate fertilizer ltd produces, and contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 12wt%.
Embodiment 1: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, form by nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer two portions, wherein,
The nutraceutical matrix raw material is formed:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: an ammonium nitrate 7kg, vitriolate of tartar 3kg.
Nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer are pressed mass ratio 100: 0.5 packing respectively.
The preparation method:
(1) by proportioning, gets pearlstone 300kg, expanded vermiculite 280kg, wood chip 378kg, superphosphate of lime 30kg, sal epsom 10kg, ferrous sulfate 1.5kg, zinc sulfate 0.5kg, mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 25wt%, places 5 hours; Turning was placed 3 hours again; Dry to moisture content 20wt%, get nutraceutical matrix.
(2) by proportioning, get an ammonium nitrate 7kg, vitriolate of tartar 3kg, mix, get nutritious fertilizer.
(3) by proportioning, get nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer, pack respectively, both are packed into promptly gets in the sack again.
Embodiment 2: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.3, wherein, nutraceutical matrix raw material composition is:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: an ammonium nitrate 8kg, vitriolate of tartar 2kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.4, wherein, nutraceutical matrix raw material composition is:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: an ammonium nitrate 6kg, vitriolate of tartar 4kg.
The preparation method:
(1) by proportioning, gets pearlstone 380kg, expanded vermiculite 330kg, wood chip 255kg, superphosphate of lime 25kg, sal epsom 8kg, ferrous sulfate 1.8kg, zinc sulfate 0.2kg, mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 28wt%, places 4 hours; Turning was placed 4 hours again; Dry to moisture content 20wt%, get nutraceutical matrix.
(2) by proportioning, get an ammonium nitrate 6kg, vitriolate of tartar 4kg, mix, get nutritious fertilizer.
(3) by proportioning, get nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer, packing respectively, both are packed into promptly gets in the sack again.
Embodiment 4: watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.6, wherein, nutraceutical matrix raw material composition is:
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: an ammonium nitrate 5kg, vitriolate of tartar 5kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 3.
Comparative Examples:
Common nutritional type culture substrate; Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces; Mainly being the organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed and flyash mixes with 2: 1 mass ratio; And added nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (15-15-15) three element compound fertilizer of 0.5wt%, organic matter raw material is Xylitol slag and the furfural dregs compsn with 1 :, 1 mass ratio.
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and Comparative Examples is following:
Test place: the county that conquers east, Shandong Province, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. test farm.
Test period: year February in March, 2011 to 2012.
One, supplies the examination flower variety: epipremnum aureum.
Adopt pot experiment, 4 kinds of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals establishing embodiment 1-4 are contrast totally 5 processing with Comparative Examples nutritional type culture substrate, and each handles repetition 10 times, whenever potted plant 4 of the epipremnum aureum seedlings of the same size of planting.It is that 1: 1800 the aqueous solution applies at the epipremnum aureum growing period through the mode of watering successively that the nutritious fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is made into mass ratio, and Comparative Examples is only watered clear water.Other control measures are identical.Effect is seen table 1.
Table 1. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| The present invention | Dry-matter increases % | Leaf chlorophyll increases % |
| Embodiment 1 | 5.4 | 7.9 |
| Embodiment 2 | 4.3 | 6.2 |
| Embodiment 3 | 5.2 | 7.3 |
| Embodiment 4 | 4.9 | 6.8 |
Two, supply the examination flower variety: poinsettia.
Adopt pot experiment, 4 kinds of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals establishing embodiment 1-4 are contrast totally 5 processing with Comparative Examples nutritional type culture substrate, and each handles repetition 8 times, whenever potted plantly plant 2 of poinsettia of the same size.It is that 1: 1500 the aqueous solution applies at the poinsettia growing period through the mode of watering successively that the nutritious fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is made into mass ratio, and Comparative Examples is only watered clear water.Other control measures are identical.Effect is seen table 2.
Table 2. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| The present invention | Dry-matter increases % | Leaf chlorophyll increases % |
| Embodiment 1 | 4.3 | 3.7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Embodiment 4 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
Three, supply the examination flower variety: bracketplant.
Adopt pot experiment, 4 kinds of watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals establishing embodiment 1-4 are contrast totally 5 processing with Comparative Examples nutritional type culture substrate, and each handles repetition 10 times, whenever potted plantly plant 3 of bracketplant of the same size.It is that 1: 2000 the aqueous solution applies at the bracketplant growing period through the mode of watering successively that the nutritious fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is made into mass ratio, and Comparative Examples is only watered clear water.Other control measures are identical.Effect is seen table 3.
Table 3. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| The present invention | Dry-matter increases % | Leaf chlorophyll increases % |
| Embodiment 1 | 6.2 | 4.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 4.8 | 3.9 |
| Embodiment 4 | 5.9 | 4.2 |
Claims (4)
1. a watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal is characterized in that forming nutraceutical matrix by nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer two portions: nutritious fertilizer=100: (0.3～0.6) mass ratio; Wherein,
Described nutraceutical matrix, raw materials quality part is following:
280～400 parts of pearlstones,
250～350 parts of expanded vermiculites,
250～400 parts of wood chips,
20～32 parts of superphosphate of lime,
5～12 parts in sal epsom,
1.2～2 parts in ferrous sulfate,
0.2～1 part in zinc sulfate;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 5～8 parts in an ammonium nitrate, 2～5 parts in Repone K;
Above-mentioned nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer are packed respectively.
2. watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meal as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 100: 0.5, and wherein, described nutraceutical matrix raw materials quality part is following:
290～310 parts of pearlstones,
270～290 parts of expanded vermiculites,
370～390 parts of wood chips,
29～31 parts of superphosphate of lime,
9～11 parts in sal epsom,
1.4～1.6 parts in ferrous sulfate,
0.4～0.6 part in zinc sulfate;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 6.5～7.5 parts in an ammonium nitrate, 2.5～3.5 parts in Repone K.
3. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals, step is following:
(1) by proportioning, gets pearlstone, expanded vermiculite, wood chip, superphosphate of lime, sal epsom, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, mix; The moisture of adjustment compound is 25 ~ 28wt%, places 3-5 hour; Turning was placed 3-5 hour again; Dry or dry to moisture content 20wt%, nutraceutical matrix;
(2) by proportioning, get an ammonium nitrate and vitriolate of tartar, mix, get nutritious fertilizer;
(3) by proportioning, get nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer, packing reinstalls in the sack respectively, promptly gets.
4. claim 1 or 2 described watch leaf flower soil-less culturing nutrient set meals are used, application method such as one of following:
A, get nutraceutical matrix; Reserve the matrix of enough coverings 2-3 cm thick,, water sufficient water the rest part cultivating container of packing into; When the stromal surface absence of liq water surface, flower seed is sowed at the nutraceutical matrix surface, and then the matrix of reserving is covered flower seed 2-3 cm thick.When flowers seedling length to three slice true leaf, it is 1 that nutritious fertilizer is made into mass ratio: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively through mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation; Perhaps,
B, get nutraceutical matrix, reserve the matrix of enough covering 1-2 cm thicks,, plant the flowers seedling before watering earlier, water sufficient water, when the stromal surface absence of liq water surface, cover the matrix of the 1-2 cm thick of reservation again the rest part cultivating container of packing into; Treat that flowers return that nutritious fertilizer to be made into mass ratio behind the seedling be 1: the aqueous solution of 1500-2000, use successively through mode gradation in the flower growth process of drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigation.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN103524204A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 张爱萍 | Sawdust nutrient medium for soilless cultivation |
| CN104725133A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Indoor plant control substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105010107A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-04 | 梁海林 | Soilless culture method of scindapsus aureus |
| CN106258891A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN108059552A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-05-22 | 众德肥料（烟台）有限公司 | A kind of flowers quantitative fertilization block and preparation method thereof |
| CN113728894A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江传化生物技术有限公司 | Flower cultivation nutrient medium and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103524204A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 张爱萍 | Sawdust nutrient medium for soilless cultivation |
| CN104725133A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Indoor plant control substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN104725133B (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-11-28 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | A kind of houseplant control life matrix and preparation method |
| CN105010107A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-04 | 梁海林 | Soilless culture method of scindapsus aureus |
| CN106258891A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 湖北省农科院中药材研究所 | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN108059552A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-05-22 | 众德肥料（烟台）有限公司 | A kind of flowers quantitative fertilization block and preparation method thereof |
| CN113728894A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 浙江传化生物技术有限公司 | Flower cultivation nutrient medium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102674976B (en) | 2013-07-17 |
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