CN103907519A - Method for cultivating vegetables by aid of soilless culture substrates - Google Patents
Method for cultivating vegetables by aid of soilless culture substrates Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating vegetables by the aid of soilless culture substrates. The method includes proportioning agricultural waste; preprocessing and stacking the agricultural waste, turning piles of the agricultural waste, sieving, granulating and packaging the agricultural waste, and the like. The method has the advantages that technical difficult problems of instability in characters of raw materials of seedling substrates manufactured from biomass resources and incomplete decomposition of materials can be solved, the difficult problem of instability in the quality of products can be solved, difficult problems of poor root twisting, slow colonization and low survival rate of the seedling substrates manufactured from the biomass resources can be solved, and environmental pollution due to the waste can be prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of seedling medium, be specifically related to a kind of vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method.
Background technology
Agricultural environment pollution and ecological degeneration have become the key factor that hinders agricultural sustainable development and affect health." the green vegetables production of nutrition is that the # that needs of social and economic development safeguards human health, protection of the environment, the task of top priority of development sustainable agriculture to develop pollution-free " safety " high-quality.
Soilless culture is the advanced technology extensively adopting in world's industrialized agriculture, has nowadays become the reliable approach that development nuisanceless green vegetables produce.And along with vegetable soilless culture is in national rise, the research of vegetable growing matrix also more and more comes into one's own.The quality of cultivation matrix quality directly has influence on the g and D of vegetables.
At home, the earliest soilless culture appear at the thirties in 20th century, four-dimensional farm, Shanghai adopts cinder as matrix, nutrient solution circulating feeding liquid, can produce tomato, cucumber and watermelon.A small-sized military vegetable soilless culture farm in 1946-1984 Nanjing is from U.S.'s introducing equipment and technology, as matrix, can produce summer and winter radish, the leaf vegetableses such as lettuce for leaf with sand etc.Nineteen fifty-nine Shanghai City Golconda county vegetable grower with rubble as planting experimentally successfully in cylinder in time.Within 1966, method of the same race is planted experimentally tomato, cucumber, eggplant success.1976 is the success of matrix plantation tomato with rubble and chaff ash.20th century the mid-80, when developing rapidly due to facility cultivation, also bring pollution problem, more need soilless culture to solve problem for this reason, Duo Di agricultural universities and colleges and R&D institution have successively launched the research of the technology to soilless culture, many cultivation matrixes are filtered out, as organic substrate, inorganic matrix and mixed-matrix etc.
Utilize at present biomass resource to make soilless culture substrate, major part be taking agricultural wastes such as crops tangerine bar, cow dung, mushroom slag, wood chips as raw material through hot fermentation, become thoroughly decomposed, after harmless treatment, make, production process is loaded down with trivial details, need the time of fermentation long, and because raw material type is more, the physicochemical character of raw material is relatively unstable, the quality of product is also difficult to controlled simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing organic farming discarded object to cultivate vegetable soilless culture matrix.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method provided by the invention, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) the following mass fraction of organic farming discarded object retracting is carried out to proportioning, proportioning is as follows: manioc waste 55-70 part, bacterium mushroom waste material 20-40 part, palm silk 8-10 part, perlite 15-20 part; Wherein, in manioc waste, moisture is 35-45%; In bacterium mushroom waste material, moisture is 10-15%;
(2) by above-mentioned configure carry out the pretreatment of organic farming discarded object: pulverize, stir, and add efficient microbial bacterial agent, make content of microorganisms in the material after stirring reach 10
6individual/more than g, and the C/N ratio of mixed material is controlled in 20-30; Within water content is controlled at 45-55%, then pile up slivering buttress formula;
(3) carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, treat that bar buttress internal temperature reaches 55 DEG C and turns over for the first time above throwing; Turn over for the first time after throwing and enter and turn over throwing yeast phase;
(4) turn over throwing yeast phase: turn over and throw fermentation 1-2 month, turn over to throw in yeast phase temperature, moisture content are monitored in real time, detect that in buttress, real time temperature, higher than 50 DEG C, turns over throwing; Detect that moisture content is lower than 25% time, turn over throwing and supplement moisture content simultaneously, within moisture content is controlled at 25%-40% after supplementing; Detect that moisture content, higher than 40%, turns over throwing, reduce water content within 20%-40%;
(5) afterripening fermentation: the raw material fermenting until bar buttress formula be down to normal temperature and stable after according to 1-3kg/m
3add ammonium sulfate acidic fertilizier, heap fermentation again, has also utilized the heat energy of afterripening fermentation to make material natural seasoning, without oven dry at the same time; One month afterripening fermentation time is to one and a half months; Within the afterripening fermentation phase, throw and turn over 4-7 time;
(6) semi-finished product matrix is sieved processing; Semi-finished product matrix after sieve is carried out to every component target detection, examination criteria: PH:6.5-7.0, EC:0.9-1.3mS/cm, unit weight: 0.2-0.3g/cm
3, moisture: 30-40%, the content of organic matter: 75-80%; As defective, return to step 5;
(7) detect the matrix after qualified, the processing of again sieving, metering packing, produces the matrix of finished product.
Vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method of the present invention, by organic farming discarded object by harmless treatment after, ferment through beneficial microbe, add again vegetable seedling and produce the formulated full nutrient mixed mode vegetable soilless culture matrix of needed nutrient, the utilization of Efficient Cycle organic farming discarded object, turn waste into wealth, and simple to operate, flexible, operating cost is lower.
Described in step of the present invention (7), sieve to process and select the sieve of 6 millimeters of sieve apertures, on windrow, adopt five point samplings sieving, from five different parts, get 200 grams-250 grams, total amount at every turn and be the sample of 1000-1250 gram and test; Adopt aforesaid way can effectively ensure the reliability of numerical examination result.
The high size of heap of the bar buttress formula reactor forming in the method for the invention is: 1.0-1.5 meters of height, and wide 1.5-3.0 meters, natural-draft drying.
Beneficial effect:
1, the matrix of the method for the invention production, adopts the rear waste residue producing of Alcohol Plant's cassava fermentation and Asparagus slag as primary raw material, after hot fermentation, the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed, makes, and both sources are comparatively stable with physicochemical character; Solve and utilized biomass resource to produce seedling medium raw material Character instability and material thoroughly this technical barrier that becomes thoroughly decomposed, solve a difficult problem for unstable product quality, and then solved the difficult problem that poor, the slow seedling of biomass resource seedling medium packing is slow, survival rate is not high.
2, the method for the invention realizes zero-emission and the recycling of enterprise's discarded object, has avoided the pollution of discarded object to environment, improves home environment, reduces soilless culture cost, improves crop quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In summer, environmental temperature is during higher than 20 DEG C, and vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method is specific as follows:
(1) the following mass fraction of organic farming discarded object retracting is carried out to proportioning, proportioning is as follows: 55 parts of manioc wastes, 20 parts, bacterium mushroom waste material, 8 parts of palm silks, 15 parts of perlites; Wherein, in manioc waste, moisture is 35-45%; In bacterium mushroom waste material, moisture is 10-15%;
(2) by above-mentioned configure carry out the pretreatment of organic farming discarded object: pulverize, stir, and add efficient microbial bacterial agent, make content of microorganisms in the material after stirring reach 10
6individual/more than g, and the C/N ratio of mixed material is controlled in 20-30; Within water content is controlled at 45-55%, then pile up slivering buttress formula;
(3) carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, treat that bar buttress internal temperature reaches 55 DEG C and turns over for the first time above throwing; Turn over for the first time after throwing and enter and turn over throwing yeast phase;
(4) turn over throwing yeast phase: turn over and throw fermentation 1 month, turn over to throw in yeast phase temperature, moisture content are monitored in real time, detect that in buttress, real time temperature, higher than 50 DEG C, turns over throwing; Detect that moisture content is lower than 25% time, turn over throwing and supplement moisture content simultaneously, within moisture content is controlled at 25%-40% after supplementing; Detect that moisture content, higher than 40%, turns over throwing, reduce water content within 20%-40%;
(5) afterripening fermentation: the raw material fermenting until bar buttress formula be down to normal temperature and stable after according to 1kg/m
3add ammonium sulfate acidic fertilizier, heap fermentation again, has also utilized the heat energy of afterripening fermentation to make material natural seasoning, without oven dry at the same time; One month afterripening fermentation time; Within the afterripening fermentation phase, throw and turn over 7 times;
(6) semi-finished product matrix is sieved processing; Semi-finished product matrix after sieve is carried out to every component target detection, and detection architecture is: PH:6.5, EC:0.9mS/cm, unit weight: 0.2g/cm
3, moisture: 35%, the content of organic matter: 75%;
(7) detect the matrix after qualified, the processing of again sieving, metering packing, produces the matrix of finished product.
Embodiment 2
In the winter time, environment mean temperature is during lower than 5 DEG C, and vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method is specific as follows:
(1) the following mass fraction of organic farming discarded object retracting is carried out to proportioning, proportioning is as follows: 70 parts of manioc wastes, 40 parts, bacterium mushroom waste material, 10 parts of palm silks, 20 parts of perlites; Wherein, in manioc waste, moisture is 35-45%; In bacterium mushroom waste material, moisture is 10-15%;
(2) by above-mentioned configure carry out the pretreatment of organic farming discarded object: pulverize, stir, and add efficient microbial bacterial agent, make content of microorganisms in the material after stirring reach 10
6individual/more than g, and the C/N ratio of mixed material is controlled in 20-30; Within water content is controlled at 45-55%, then pile up slivering buttress formula;
(3) carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, treat that bar buttress internal temperature reaches 55 DEG C and turns over for the first time above throwing; Turn over for the first time after throwing and enter and turn over throwing yeast phase;
(4) turn over throwing yeast phase: turn over and throw fermentation 2 months, turn over to throw in yeast phase temperature, moisture content are monitored in real time, detect that in buttress, real time temperature, higher than 50 DEG C, turns over throwing; Detect that moisture content is lower than 25% time, turn over throwing and supplement moisture content simultaneously, within moisture content is controlled at 25%-40% after supplementing; Detect that moisture content, higher than 40%, turns over throwing, reduce water content within 20%-40%;
(5) afterripening fermentation: the raw material fermenting until bar buttress formula be down to normal temperature and stable after according to 3kg/m
3add ammonium sulfate acidic fertilizier, heap fermentation again, has also utilized the heat energy of afterripening fermentation to make material natural seasoning, without oven dry at the same time; Afterripening fermentation time one and a half months; Within the afterripening fermentation phase, throw and turn over 4 times;
(6) semi-finished product matrix is sieved processing; Semi-finished product matrix after sieve is carried out to every component target detection, testing result: PH:7.0, EC:1.2mS/cm, unit weight: 0.24g/cm
3, moisture: 38%, the content of organic matter: 78%;
(7) detect the matrix after qualified, the processing of again sieving, metering packing, produces the matrix of finished product.
Embodiment 3
In season in spring and autumn, environment mean temperature is in the time of 15 DEG C of left and right, and vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method is specific as follows:
(1) the following mass fraction of organic farming discarded object retracting is carried out to proportioning, proportioning is as follows: 65 parts of manioc wastes, 35 parts, bacterium mushroom waste material, 9 parts of palm silks, 18 parts of perlites; Wherein, in manioc waste, moisture is 35-45%; In bacterium mushroom waste material, moisture is 10-15%;
(2) by above-mentioned configure carry out the pretreatment of organic farming discarded object: pulverize, stir, and add efficient microbial bacterial agent, make content of microorganisms in the material after stirring reach 10
6individual/more than g, and the C/N ratio of mixed material is controlled in 20-30; Within water content is controlled at 45-55%, then pile up slivering buttress formula;
(3) carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, treat that bar buttress internal temperature reaches 55 DEG C and turns over for the first time above throwing; Turn over for the first time after throwing and enter and turn over throwing yeast phase;
(4) turn over throwing yeast phase: turn over and throw fermentation 45 days, turn over to throw in yeast phase temperature, moisture content are monitored in real time, detect that in buttress, real time temperature, higher than 50 DEG C, turns over throwing; Detect that moisture content is lower than 25% time, turn over throwing and supplement moisture content simultaneously, within moisture content is controlled at 25%-40% after supplementing; Detect that moisture content, higher than 40%, turns over throwing, reduce water content within 20%-40%;
(5) afterripening fermentation: the raw material fermenting until bar buttress formula be down to normal temperature and stable after according to 2kg/m
3add ammonium sulfate acidic fertilizier, heap fermentation again, has also utilized the heat energy of afterripening fermentation to make material natural seasoning, without oven dry at the same time; 40 days afterripening fermentation time; Within the afterripening fermentation phase, throw and turn over 5 times;
(6) semi-finished product matrix is sieved processing; Semi-finished product matrix after sieve is carried out to every component target detection, testing result: PH:6.5, EC:0.98mS/cm, unit weight: 0.22g/cm
3, moisture: 32%, the content of organic matter: 76%;
(7) detect the matrix after qualified, the processing of again sieving, metering packing, produces the matrix of finished product.
Claims (3)
1. a vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method, is characterized in that: concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) the following mass fraction of organic farming discarded object retracting is carried out to proportioning, proportioning is as follows: manioc waste 55-70 part, bacterium mushroom waste material 20-40 part, palm silk 8-10 part, perlite 15-20 part; Wherein, in manioc waste, moisture is 35-45%; In bacterium mushroom waste material, moisture is 10-15%;
(2) by above-mentioned configure carry out the pretreatment of organic farming discarded object: pulverize, stir, and add efficient microbial bacterial agent, make content of microorganisms in the material after stirring reach 10
individual/more than g, and the C/N ratio of mixed material is controlled in 20-30; Within water content is controlled at 45-55%, then pile up slivering buttress formula;
(3) carry out the fermentation of bar buttress formula, treat that bar buttress internal temperature reaches 55 DEG C and turns over for the first time above throwing; Turn over for the first time after throwing and enter and turn over throwing yeast phase;
(4) turn over throwing yeast phase: turn over and throw fermentation 1-2 month, turn over to throw in yeast phase temperature, moisture content are monitored in real time, detect that in buttress, real time temperature, higher than 50 DEG C, turns over throwing; Detect that moisture content is lower than 25% time, turn over throwing and supplement moisture content simultaneously, within moisture content is controlled at 25%-40% after supplementing; Detect that moisture content, higher than 40%, turns over throwing, reduce water content within 20%-40%;
(5) afterripening fermentation: the raw material fermenting until bar buttress formula is down to after normal temperature is also stablized and is added ammonium sulfate acidic fertilizier according to 1-3kg/m3, and heap fermentation again, has also utilized the heat energy of afterripening fermentation to make material natural seasoning, without oven dry at the same time; One month afterripening fermentation time is to one and a half months; Within the afterripening fermentation phase, throw and turn over 4-7 time;
(6) semi-finished product matrix is sieved processing; Semi-finished product matrix after sieve is carried out to every component target detection, examination criteria: PH:6.5-7.0, EC:0.9-1.3mS/cm, unit weight: 0.2-0.3g/cm3, moisture: 30-40%, the content of organic matter: 75-80%; As defective, return to step 5;
(7) detect the matrix after qualified, the processing of again sieving, metering packing, produces the matrix of finished product.
2. vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the high size of heap of the bar buttress formula reactor of formation is: 1.0-1.5 meters of height, and wide 1.5-3.0 meters, natural-draft drying.
3. vegetable soilless culture matrix breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step (7), sieve and process the sieve of selecting 6 millimeters of sieve apertures, on windrow, adopt five point samplings sieving, from five different parts, get 200 grams-250 grams, total amount at every turn and be the sample of 1000-1250 gram and test.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104177170A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-03 | 太仓绿丰农业生物基质有限公司 | Production method for blocky soilless culture substrate |
| CN105594500A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州大自然科技股份有限公司 | Palm container seedling culture method |
| CN107082688A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-22 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of growth of watermelon bio-organic fertilizer and its production method |
| CN107258500A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-10-20 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of tomato soilless culture substrate |
| CN107986829A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-04 | 李胜奇 | A kind of virus-free potato primary stock soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110089356A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-06 | 北京顺丽鑫生态观光农业园有限责任公司 | A kind of fruits and vegetables seedling culture method |
| CN110972895A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-10 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | Novel seedling culture substrate for resisting cucumber downy mildew |
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| CN107082688A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-22 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of growth of watermelon bio-organic fertilizer and its production method |
| CN107258500A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-10-20 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of tomato soilless culture substrate |
| CN107986829A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-04 | 李胜奇 | A kind of virus-free potato primary stock soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110089356A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-06 | 北京顺丽鑫生态观光农业园有限责任公司 | A kind of fruits and vegetables seedling culture method |
| CN110972895A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-10 | 太仓绿丰农业资源开发有限公司 | Novel seedling culture substrate for resisting cucumber downy mildew |
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Effective date of registration: 20151204 Address after: Taicang city bridge town of Xinshao village in Suzhou city of Jiangsu Province in 215435 Applicant after: TAICANG LVFENG BIOLOGICAL ORGANIC FERTILIZER CO., LTD. Applicant after: JIANGSU ANFENG BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES ENGINEERING CENTER CO., LTD. Address before: Taicang city bridge town of Xinshao village in Suzhou city of Jiangsu Province in 215435 Applicant before: Granary Lv Feng agro-ecology matrix company limited |
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Address after: Taicang city bridge town of Xinshao village in Suzhou city of Jiangsu Province in 215435 Patentee after: TAICANG LVFENG AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL MATRIX CO., LTD. Patentee after: JIANGSU ANFENG BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES ENGINEERING CENTER CO., LTD. Address before: Taicang city bridge town of Xinshao village in Suzhou city of Jiangsu Province in 215435 Patentee before: TAICANG LVFENG BIOLOGICAL ORGANIC FERTILIZER CO., LTD. Patentee before: JIANGSU ANFENG BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES ENGINEERING CENTER CO., LTD. |